英语课堂高中语法课件：同位语从句 Fang Zhou & Vivian.pptx

同位语从句高/中/语/法/系/列/课主讲人：学情分析名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句）定语从句状语从句同位语从句学生已掌握了从句的概念,了解了教学目标1.通过“猜偶像”活动了解什么是同位语；2.通过“中西结合”了解什么是同位语从句；3.通过“化装舞会”学会同位语从句的引导词；4.学会区分同位语从句和定语从句；5.通过教师情景引导，学习和巩固同位语从句用法，并能够在真实场景中运用。知识清单1.同位语的定义与作用2.同位语从句的定义与作用3.同位语从句的引导词4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别ScenarioGrammarPractice情景导入ScenarioWhoismyidol?MakeaGuessMyidolhasbecomeanimmediatehit.1.Myidol,hasbecomeanimmediatehit.3.Myidol,_,hasbecomeanimmediatehit.2.Myidol,_hasbecomeanimmediatehit.MakeaGuessa dancer,a young dancer bornin Henan Provincea young dancer in China,5.Myidol,_hasbecomeanimmediatehit.4.Myidol,_hasbecomeanimmediatehit.MakeaGuessa young dancer bornin Henan Province in 1997,a member of the boygroup UNIQ,6.Myidol,_,hasbecomeanimmediatehit.MakeaGuessa boy who stood out inthe National IBD Street DanceCompetition at the age of 147.Myidol,_hasbecomeanimmediatehit.MakeaGuessa young dancer bornin Henan Province in 1997,the National IBD Street DancegroupUNIQ,a boy who stood out in theCompetition at the age of14,a member of the boy UNIQ,ScenarioGrammarPractice语法探究Grammar问题思考1：同学们是通过哪些信息猜测到我的偶像的？adancerayoungdancerinChinaayoungdancerborninHenanProvincein1997aboywhostoodoutintheNationalIBDStreetDanceCompetitionattheageof14amemberoftheboygroupUNIQ问题思考2：这些信息都是什么结构？起到什么作用？结构名词名词结构带有从句的名词结构作用对myidol的年龄、性别、出生地、成就等做了补充说明。探索发现这个概念是什么呢？对myidol的年龄、性别、出生地、成就等做了补充说明的部分，我们在英语中给它们一个概念。我们把它们叫做同位语。探索发现同位语都可以由什么充当？在句子里起到什么作用？同位语一般是由一个名词、名词结构或者代词充当，对前面的名词或代词起解释说明、补充信息的作用，与前面的名词或代词是相同的人或物。小试牛刀思考题：下列句子里，哪些词分别对we/hisfather/them做了补充说明？Wearetheparents.HisfatherisMr.White.Eachofthemboughtawatermelon.1.Wearetheparents.2.HisfatherisMr.White.3.Eachofthemboughtawatermelon.Hisfather,_,issleepingnow.They_boughtawatermelon.We_shouldbepatientwithkids.请补充完整以下句子里的同位语parentsMr.Whiteeach小试牛刀Findouttheappositionstructureinthefollowingsentences:1.WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworking.2.Heisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.3.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrothers.Jillsamom-amilitarymom-andaneducator.JoeBiden小试牛刀Findouttheappositionstructureinthefollowingsentences:语法探究Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.IfearedthatImightlethimdown.Whatisthefear?语法探究Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.那不能。如果没有“Imightlethimdown”这个句子，我们能知道fear的内容么？语法探究Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.同位语。还记得对前面名词起到解释说明、补充信息作用的是什么成分吗？语法探究Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.难道是同位语从句？那么，把一个句子放到同位语的位置，这个句子是什么从句呢？平起平坐Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.通过“Imightlethimdown”这个句子，我们了解到fear的内容，那么这个句子就是放在了名词fear的后面，对fear进一步解释说明。也就是说这个句子处于同位语的位置，和fear平起平坐，那么，这个句子就是大名鼎鼎的“同位语从句”啦！语法探究Sincethatmoment,IhavebeentormenteddayandnightbythefearthatImightlethimdown.试着翻译以上句子，考考你的语文功底喽受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明。出师表小试牛刀Findouttheappositionstructureinthefollowingsentences:1.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.2.AnthonykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucytomakesureofherhappiness.3.IsthereanypossibilitythatIcanapplytoacollege?小试牛刀Findouttheappositionstructureinthefollowingsentences:1.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.2.AnthonykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucytomakesureofherhappiness.3.IsthereanypossibilitythatIcanapplytoacollege?探索发现同位语 身份同位语从句身份由一个名词、名词结构或者代词充当由一个完整的句子充当探索发现同位语作用 同位语从句作用对前面的名词或代词起解释说明、补充信息的作用。对前面的名词或代词起解释说明、补充信息的作用。与前面的名词或代词结构是同位相等的关系。探索发现同位语一般由一个名词、名词结构或者代词充当，对前面的名词或代词起解释说明、补充信息的作用。同位语的定义与作用同位语从句是用一个完整的句子，对前面的名词或代词起解释说明、补充信息的作用。与前面的名词或代词结构是同位相等的关系。同位语从句的定义与作用An invitation to amasked ball hasbeensenttoyouThe Masked Ballhasbegun探索发现同位语从句的引导词“一眼看穿”maskCanyouguesswhat“一眼看穿”maskis?“一眼看穿”maskWeknowthe truth_thedriverwasover-speeddrivingattheturning.Whatisthetruth?thatThetruthis_thedriverwasover-speeddrivingattheturning.that“一眼看穿”maskIhavetofacethe fact_myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.thatWhatisthefact?Thefactis_myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.that“一眼看穿”maskThereispossibility _ allofuscanpassthetest.Whatisthepossibility?Thepossibilityis_allofuscanpassthetest.thatthat“一眼看穿”maskWehavenoclue_therearenolivesontheMars.thatWhatistheclue?Theclueis_therearenolivesontheMars.that“一眼看穿”maskWeknowthetruthIhavetofacethefactThereispossibilityWehavenocluethedriverwasover-speeddrivingattheturning.myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.allofuscanpassthetest.therearenolivesontheMars.that“一眼看穿”mask由that引导的同位语从句与它前面的抽象名词在意思上通常可以转换为：抽象名词=同位语从句同位语从句=抽象名词此类同位语从句尽管带了面具，也一眼就被看穿。探索发现1请观察:此类同位语从句跟在哪些名词后面？跟在truth,fact,possibility,clue的后面。探索发现1that引导的同位语从句常跟在fact,truth,possibility,clue,plan,word,advice,demand,hope,information,news,suggestion等表示“事实、信息、需求、建议”类的抽象名词后面。探索发现2请观察:that在这些同位语从句里,担当成分么？有意义么？可以省略么？that在这些同位语从句中不担当成分，没有意义。但是，可以省略吗？探索发现2that在此类同位语从句里都不担当成分没有意义但是，都不可省略真题链接Changethefollowingsentencesintocompoundones:1.Marydidntgototheconcert.Whatapity!2.“Weshouldhaveanassistantbecausethereistoomuchworktodo.”themanagersuggested.3.Allthevolunteerswillbeinvitedtotheconference.Thenewsisveryencouraging.Whatapitythat Mary didnt go to the concert!Therewastoomuchworktodo,sothemanagerputforwardasuggestionthat we should have an assistant.Thenewsthat all the volunteers will be invited to the conferenceisveryencouraging.真真假假mask真真假假Canyouguesswhat“真真假假”maskis?The question _itisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.Isitright?whetherIsitwrong?真真？假假？Canyouguesswhat“真真假假”maskis?Willhecome?Willhenotcome?真真？假假？Thereissomedoubt_hewillcomeornot.whether探索发现1请观察：此类同位语从句跟在哪些名词后面？跟在question,doubt后面。探索发现1whether引导的同位语从句常跟在question,doubt等表示“疑问、怀疑”类的抽象名词后面。探索发现2请观察：whether在这些同位语从句里,有意义么？可以省略么？whether在这些同位语从句中是“是否”的意思，是不是可以省略不太清楚呢？探索发现2whether在引导的同位语从句里有意义，表示“是否”的含义不可省略哦，也不可以换成if探索发现3请总结：由whether引导的同位语从句有什么特点？由whether引导的同位语从句，总是有两种选择，或者A或者B。探索发现3由whether引导的同位语从句，通常可以对whether后面的句子进行一般疑问句的提问，结果是未知的，亦真亦假。真题链接Correctthefollowingsentences:Somepeoplearestillindoubtthatman-madeclimatechangeplaysapartinthetyphoon.Shehasnotmadeadecisionwhenshewillgotothemeetingornot.IhavethisheavyfeelinginmewhetherImighthavemadethewrongdecision.010203whetherwhetherthat“百变女郎”mask1.AndthoughIhavenoidea_Imgoing.NoIdeaWhereImGoing2.Ihavenoidea_shappenedtothatdream.DidoLifeforRent3.Ihavenoidea_youknow.KaiserChiefsHeatDiesDown“百变女郎”maskListentothreesongsincluding“Ihavenoidea”andfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.wherehowwhat?问号问号可点击可点击wherewhathow“百变女郎”maskIhavenoideaImgoing.hashappenedtothatdream.youknow.面具面具可点击可点击思考题1请观察:在idea后面同位语的引导词各不相同。它们都在同位语从句里担当成分么？有意义吗？可以省略么？探索发现1where,how都担当成分where做状语，表示“哪里”how做状语，表示“怎么”类似做状语的引导词还有when,why都不可以省略哦探索发现2what也担当成分what做主语，表示“什么”类似的引导词还有who,which它们可以在从句中担当主语、宾语或者表语也都不可以省略哦探索发现3但是，这么多的引导词，要如何确定使用哪一个呢？具体使用哪一个引导词，要根据句意。补充说明的名词都是idea，因为使用不同的连词连接，就变身为不同的idea。哦，难怪叫“百变女郎mask”，太多变了。小试牛刀FillintheblanksIhavenoidea_hiscousinwillgoabroadforfurtherstudyornot.Ihavenoidea_hedidthat.Ihavenoidea_wewillspendourweekend.010203whether why where 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：那我们就来学一下这两者之间的区别与联系吧！学习了同位语从句，感觉它和定语从句很相似哦，怕自己一不小心弄混了呢！同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Yes,herhopeisthatshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.Doyouknowwhatherhopeis?Sheexpressedthehopethatshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Sheexpressedthehopethatshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.Can“that”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?No,itcantbeomitted.Butitdoesnthavemeaning.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：No,Idontknowaboutherhope.Doyouknowwhatherhopeis?Whydidshegiveupthehopethatshecherishedsolong?Yes,weonlyknowthatshecherishedthehopeforalongtime,butdontknowwhatthehopeis.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Can“that”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?Yes,itcanbeomitted.Butithasmeaning.Itrefersto“thehope”.Whydidshegiveupthehopethatshecherishedsolong?that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导词对比方面同位语从句定语从句that起什么作用连接主从句补充说明修饰名词的内容连接主从句限制修饰的名词或代词，使其与其他同类词区分开来是否担当成分NoYes是否有意义NoYes是否可以省略No作宾语可以省略作主语或者表语不可省略同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Theirdecisioniswheretheyshouldmeet.Whatistheirdecision?Theyhaventmadethedecisionwheretheyshouldmeet.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Can“where”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?No,itcantbeomitted.Ithasmeaning.Itmeans“aplace”.Theyhaventmadethedecisionwheretheyshouldmeet.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：No,IdontknowanythingabouttheRoyalTheatre.Fromthesentence,doyoulearnabouttheinformationabouttheRoyalTheatre?TheywenttotheRoyalTheatrewheretheysawBernardShawsSt.Joan.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Yes,weonlyknowthattheysawBernardShawsSt.JoanattheRoyalTheater,butdontknowanythingaboutthetheatre.TheywenttotheRoyalTheatrewheretheysawBernardShawsSt.Joan.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Can“where”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?No,itcantbeomitted.Ithasmeaning.Itrefersto“theRoyalTheatre”.TheywenttotheRoyalTheatrewheretheysawBernardShawsSt.Joan.when,where,why引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导词对比方面同位语从句定语从句whenwherewhy起什么作用连接主从句补充说明修饰名词的内容连接主从句限制修饰的名词或代词，使其与其他同类词区分开来。是否担当成分YesYes是否有意义YesYes是否可以省略NoNo同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Yes,thequestioniswhatyouwantitfor.Doyouknowwhatthequestionis?Nextcomesthequestionwhatyouwantitfor.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Can“what”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?No,itcantbeomitted.Ithasmeaning.Itmeans“something”.Nextcomesthequestionwhatyouwantitfor.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：No,Idontknow.Doyouknowwhatthequestionis?Thequestionwhichheraisedatthemeetingcausedaheateddiscussion.Yes,weonlyknowthatheraisedthequestionatthemeeting,butdontknowanythingaboutthequestion.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Can“which”beomittedhere?Doesithavemeaning?Yes,itcanbeomitted.Ithasmeaning.Itrefersto“thequestion”.Thequestionwhichheraisedatthemeetingcausedaheateddiscussion.what,which引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：引导词对比方面同位语从句定语从句whatwhich起什么作用连接主从句补充说明修饰名词的内容不可以使用what只可以使用which连接主从句，限制修饰的名词或代词，使其与其他同类词区分开来是否担当成分Yeswhich担当成分是否有意义Yeswhich有意义是否可以省略Nowhich作宾语可以省略作主语或者表语不可省略真题链接Whichsentenceisanappositiveclauseandwhichoneisanattributiveclause?ThenewsthathetoldmeisabouttheplanthatTomwillgoabroadnextyear.ThenewsthatTomwillgoabroadwastoldbyhim.Imstillthinkingaboutthequestionwhetherwecangetsupportfromthem.Imstillthinkingaboutthequestionthatheraisedatthemeetingyesterday.01020304定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句真题链接Whichsentenceisanappositiveclauseandwhichoneisanattributiveclause?Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefthatyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.ThefirststepinsolvinganyproblemisrecognizingthereisonethatAmericaisnotthegreatestcountryintheworldanymore,whichisnotlikewecanpretend.0506同位语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句的总结我们学了这么多关于同位语从句的相关知识，让我们来检测一下你是否掌握了呢？准备好了吗？哇，准备好啦！同位语从句的定义当使用一个句子对句子前面的_起_、_的作用，那么，这个句子就是同位语从句。同位语从句与它前面的名词结构或代词是_、_的关系。抽象名词结构或代词解释说明同位补充信息相等简单有效的识别方法看是否能够通过从句了解前面名词结构或代词的内容。如果可以就是_，反之则是_。同位语从句定语从句that是从属连词，只起到连接主从句的作用，没有具体意义，不担当_，不可以_，也不可用which代替。when/why/where/how等引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词，连接主从句；在从句中充当_成分，不可_。what引导同位语从句时，为连接代词，连接主从句；在从句中充当_、_成分，不可_。whether表达“是否”引导同位语从句，不能替换成_，在从句中不可_。同位语从句的引导词任何成分状语省略if宾语表语省略省略省略ScenarioGrammarPractice练习检测PracticeFAQsofapplyingtocollege.Useanappositiveclausetostarttheconversationandrespondwithanotherone.Q1:Ihavesomedoubt.WhenshouldIstart?A1:we,holdthebelief,thesummerbeforeyoursenioryear_Ihavesome doubt whenIshouldstart.Weholdthe belief that youshouldstartthesummerbeforeyoursenioryear.FAQsofapplyingtocollege.Useanappositiveclausetostarttheconversationandrespondwithanotherone.Q2:Theproblempuzzlesme.HowmanycollegesshouldIapplyto?A2:we,offerthesuggestion,fivetoeightcolleges._The problem how many colleges Ishouldapplytopuzzlesme.Weofferthe suggestion that youshouldapplytofivetoeightcolleges.FAQsofapplyingtocollege.Useanappositiveclausetostarttheconversationandrespondwithanotherone.Q3:Idliketoraiseaquestion.ShouldIuseanonlineorapaperapplication?A3:we,cantdenythefact,mostcollegespreferonlineapplications_Idliketoraisea question whether Ishoulduseanonlineorapaperapplication.Wecantdenythe fact that mostcollegespreferonlineapplications.Fillthepassage:Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmateshavethecuriosity1._(为什么我如此喜欢阅读)Actually,Ibegantolovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationintheuniversity.Oneofmyfavoritehobbieswastogotothelibrarytoreadeveryday.SometimesIwassoabsorbedinthebookthatIhadnoidea2._(其他人是什么时候离开图书馆的)why I love reading so much.when all the other people had left the library.Fillthepassage:Withmyfavoritebookathand,Ieverhadthedoubt3._(我是否可以一直读到天亮).Myloveofreadingwascreditedwithmyparentsplan4._(我的父母每天只让我看一小时电视)Ilearntoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.Undoubtedly,Iholdthebelief5._(文学将成为我的职业)whether I could keep reading till dawn.that they only let me watch that literature an hour of TV a day.will become my vocation.脑 洞 英 语 出 品