【课件】Unit+4Discovering+useful+structures+定语从句课件人教版（2019）必修第一册.pptx

定语从句AttributiveClauses1.什么是定语？1.什么是定语？定语，简单来说就是一个形容词，它的作用就相当于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词或者代词。美味的胡萝卜delicious carrots优秀的警察excellent police2.什么是定语从句？2.什么是定语从句？定语从句，就是从句在主句中充当定语成分。也就是从一个词变成了一个从句，同样起到形容词的作用，用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。Those are oranges that I bought for kids.定语从句，在句中作用相当于形容词，修饰其前面的名词orangesTips:定语为单词是前置，定语为从句是后置的3.定语从句的构成？3.定语从句的构成？“一个包含定语从句的复杂句”是由两个（或以上）简单句组合而成的。举一个例子：The girl was in red.The girl broke the glass.(那个女孩穿着红色衣服。)(那个女孩打破了玻璃杯。)12The girl who was in red broke the glass.(穿红色衣服的女孩打破了那个玻璃杯。)先行词 关系词先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例1.Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?你认识在舞台上唱歌的那个姑娘吗？2.This is the museum which was built last year.这就是去年建成的博物馆。3.Ill forever remember the days when I studied abroad.我将永远记得我在国外求学的日子。4.定语从句中的关系词4.定语从句中的关系词关系代词关系副词替代对象that人/物which物whowhomwhoseaswhenwherewhy人人人/物人/物时间地点原因that的用法that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时that可省略。She is the girl that helped us yesterday.that作主语，指代the girl判断句子中的that能否省略，为什么？The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学生画的。可以省略，因为that在句中作宾语。关系代词which的用法which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语。I know the pig,which is called Bajie.The pen with which you are writing is Jeffs.在定语从句中作主语with the penThat which Judy ate was a carrot.避免2个that，用which关系代词who和whom的用法二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.He is the man who lives next door.在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作主语关系代词whose的用法whose用于替代所有格，“的”，在从句中作定语。The girl whose hair is curly is Alicia.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.The girls hair is curly.表所属关系用whoseThe cover of the book is green.表所属关系用whose关系代词whowhomwhich温馨提示我们都可以修饰人，我在从句中作主语、宾语我作宾语，一般可以省略我还可以修饰物，在从句中作定语as的用法as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth.先行词as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语I have the same bike as you have.先行词as作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语Ive never seen so clever a man as he is.先行词as作关系代词，在定语从句中作表语关系代词when的用法关系副词主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，其先行词通常为time、day、year、week等。常可用on which、in which、at which、during which等代替April Fools Day is the day when people make fun of others.在定语从句中作时间状语I know the date when the baby was born.=I know the date on which the baby was born.where的用法关系副词其先行词通常是表地点的名词，如place、house、village、position等。常可用in which、on which、at which等代替This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.在定语从句中作地点状语He misses the place where he used to live.=He misses the place in which he used to live.why的用法关系副词一般跟在先行词reason之后。可以用for which代替Is this the reason why she refused our offer of help?在定语从句中作原因状语Thats the reason why he was late.=Thats the reason for which he was late.5.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句实际上定语从句共分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句She despised people.(她看不起人)She despised people who flattered her.(她看不起吹捧她的人)比较上面两句话可以发现：定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围，即范围由“人”缩小至“吹捧她的人”。我们称此类定语从句为限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句在有些场景下，名词的指向已经非常明确或是表示的对象已经是唯一的了，这时我们就无法再用定语从句来缩小它的表示范围了。例如：John made a card for his mom who loves him most.(约翰给最爱他的那个妈妈做了一张卡片。)John made a card for his mom,who loves him most.(约翰给妈妈做了一张卡片，妈妈最爱他。)在以上句子中，限制性定语从句who loves him most修饰mom，整个句子翻译过来就是”最爱他的那个妈妈”。因为约翰只有一个妈妈，”最爱他的那个妈妈”明显不合逻辑，所以这里使用限制性定语从句是错误的。非限制性定语从句如刚刚示例，因为非限制性定语从句并不直接修饰名词或代词，只是为名词或代词提供一些附加信息。当使用非限制性定语从句时，要用”逗号”将其与句子隔开。我们再来举一个例子，判断下列句子哪句是正确的：My hometown is Beijing which is the capital of China.(我的家乡是中国首都的北京。)My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.(我的家乡是北京，中国的首都。)显然，因为全世界只有一个北京，所以我们应该用非限制性定语从句来为它添加一些额外信息。总结限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用缩小一个事物的表示范围提供有关这个事物的附加信息I have an apple which is red.I have an apple,which is red.!引导词which或that的选择12which和that在引导限制性定语从句时是可以互换的：He painted a picture which/that was about a fairy tale.如果有介词前置的情形，则必须使用which。Can you help to find a room in which we can dance?此时引导词不能用that，如以下句子就是错误的：Can you help to find a room in that we can dance?3无论在什么情况下，that都不能用作非限制性定语从句的引导词，如以下句子就是错误的：Apples,that are good for health,should be eaten every day.(应把that改为which)!关系词指物时，只用that不同which的情况1234当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时：Is there anything that you dont understand?当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last,all,any,no等修饰时：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.当先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：This is the best book that I have ever read.当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时：Which is the hotel that you like best?which替代整个主句的情况Tom pretended not to know me,which made me rather embarrassed.(汤姆假装不认识我，这使我相当尴尬。)在以上句子中，which替代整个主句Tom pretended not to know me,表示”汤姆假装不认识我这件事使我相当尴尬”。总而言之，通常that引导限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句6.如何省略定语从句如何省略定语从句举个限制性定语从句的例子：Do you know the man that is in the car?(你认识坐在车里的那个人吗？)以上句子不够简洁。因为the man和that代表同一个人，而be动词只起语法作用但并无实际含义。所以，我们可以省略引导词that和is，得到：Do you know the man in the car?可以发现，省略之后修饰the man的定语从句that is in the car变为了介词短语in the car,整个句子由一个复杂句变成了一个简单句。所以，只要定语从句是S+V+P句型，且引导词为which/who/that时，我们都可以通过省略引导词和be动词来达到简化从句的目的。接下来我们一起来练习一下吧！1.Those are books that were borrowed from the library._.2.A person who is good at cooking is welcome anywhere._.请写出下列限制性定语从句的省略形式：Those are books borrowed from the library.A person good at cooking is welcome anywhere.当然，我们也可以利用同样的原则来省略非限制性定语从句。例如：1.Her brother,who is 19,studies in Tsinghua University._.2.I am working in the building,which was built last year._.Her brother,19,studies in Tsinghua University.I am working in the building,built last year.ENTER练一练一、请根据中文译文，将每组中的两个简单句组合成一个定语从句。1.(我喝了太多的可乐，可乐使我发胖。)I drank too much cola.Cola made me fat.I drank too much cola,which made me fat.一、请根据中文译文，将每组中的两个简单句组合成一个定语从句。2.(约翰要回伦敦了，你曾在北京遇到过他。)John is going back to London.You met John in Beijing.John,whom you met in Beijing,is going back to London.一、请根据中文译文，将每组中的两个简单句组合成一个定语从句。3.(他正在用来写字的那只钢笔是我的。)He is writing with a pen.The pen is mine.The pen that he writing with is mine.一、请根据中文译文，将每组中的两个简单句组合成一个定语从句。4.(穿红色裙子的那个孩子叫露西。)The kid wore a red dress.The kid was Lucy.The kid that wore a red dress was Lucy.二、请选择正确的选项，找出Juddy在哪个盾牌后面吧！A.whose1.The policeman has caught the thief _ stole Miss Zhaos wallet.B.whoC.whomD.whichB操作方法：单击盾牌！二、请选择正确的选项，找出Juddy在哪个盾牌后面吧！2.Yesterday Nina went to the village _ her family lived ten years ago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.thatC二、请选择正确的选项，找出Juddy在哪个盾牌后面吧！3.This is one of the most interesting cities _ I have ever visited.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whereA二、请选择正确的选项，找出Juddy在哪个盾牌后面吧！4.The pen _ he is writing is mine.A.in whichB.on whichC.by whichD.with whichDThank you!