易错点17阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含解析.docx

易错点17 阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含解析易错点17 阅读理解主旨大意题目 录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。【分析】标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。 【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点【例1】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）The scientists job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”.ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, were only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.What is a suitable title for the text?A Who Are The Mystery-solversBScientists Are Not Born But MadeCGreat Mystery: What Makes A ScientistDSolving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.    Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.   Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.    Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of hamburgers and eggs when you're hungry.    Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.    Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.   Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, played a bit.   Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.What would be the best title for the passage?AHouse of LifeBSecret of WealthCRest and RefreshmentDInterest and Enthusiasm【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）Well, to pick up where we left off last time. Im certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether its for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your childs life. So, its important to secure their online stays.Its not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. Its helpful for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert an adult immediately.What is the best title for the text?AWhat Is Hidden on the Net?BHow to Make Online Stays?CBe a Smarter Internet UserDKeep Your Kids Safe Online【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）Stuck inside his room at an assisted living center, Bob Coleman knew he could not go out in public with the epidemic (疫). But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country music over the Internet. “Hello, everybody. Its a bright day in Tennessee,” he said into his microphone. “This is Bob Coleman, coming to you from Room3325”.  Then Coleman began to play the music he loves-hits from country music stars. The 88-year-old carefully chooses each song.Coleman and several other retirees have turned into DJs (流行音乐播音员), for a new online radio hour known as “Radio Recliner.” A marketing company called Luckie came up with the idea of Radio Recliner. Listeners can send song requests in honor of family or friends. For example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is your favorite granddaughter Amy. We just wanted to call in and say we love you.” The 60-minute show started with retirees in middle Tennessee. It has since expanded, with residents of assisted-living centers in other states taking part in the project. Many jumped at the chance to work as a DJ to ease the loneliness of social distancing rules.Mitch Bennett serves as Luckies chief creative officer. He says the idea was to provide a sense of community to older people. “For this generation, radio was the original social media,” Bennett said, “Dedicating a song to someone you love and having them hear it along with everyone else is a special way of connecting.”In Georgia, 80-year-old Ed Rosenblatt, who had made full preparations for his show, said an hour he spent playing songs on Radio Recliner resulted in a flood of text messages, emails and calls from family and friends, and many of the messages were from people he had not heard from for years.Whats the best title for the text?AOlder Adults Need More Care During the EpidemicBOlder Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Into DJsCOlder Adults Were Busy With Music During the EpidemicDOlder Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Show Music Talents【易错点提醒二】 段落大意类易混易错点【例2】 （江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks. Wed have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area, reading the words on them.The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that Im more appreciative of each benchs quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city. Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe thats the greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken off, hung from the benchs wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it . .Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on?ADesign.BHistory.CLocation.DPower.【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they and others draw sustenance (生计).But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribes longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared. .What is paragraph 2 mainly about?AThe process of legalization.BThe tradition of Yurok tribe.CThe reason behind the legalization.DThe importance of the Klamath River.【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol intoxication (醉酒) and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both men were given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - the legal limit for driving in England and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic drink. After providing attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact with in a future experiment.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?AThe comparison of two experiments.BThe process of Bowdrings experiment.CThe underlying logic of beer goggles effect.DThe methods of appreciating attractiveness.【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）.In my twenties, when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety, I never went on holiday. I was scared of flying, scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office. I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired one. Then, a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasnt going to thank me for not taking my holidays. I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it. .What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AThe benefit the author obtained from travelling.BThe source of the authors stress during office hours.CThe change of the authors attitude to taking holidays.DThe reason why the author tried to be a harder worker.【易错点提醒三】 文章大意类易混易错点【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the worlds plastic.The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic, prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we cant go on using fossil fuel-based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the nations plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste,” he said.Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.What is the main idea of the passage?APlastics arc necessary in daily life. BOil is the source of the worlds plastic.CBioplastic making is a promising industry.DScientists are researching bioplastic making.【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）A trial project by the Montreal Childrens Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.“During the examination children dont move. It works perfectly. Its amazing,” said Johanne LEcuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the childrens hospital. In all, 80 examinations were condu