易错点07动词的时态和语态（4大陷阱易错点）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）含解析.docx

易错点07 动词的时态和语态（4大陷阱易错点）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）易错点07 动词的时态和语态目 录01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒二】一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒四】主动语态与被动语态易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点。【分析】一般现在时常与always，often，sometimes，usually等连用或通过上下文表示。一般过去时常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ago, the other day, in the past现在完成时强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。连用时间状语：so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now【高考链接】（2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often_ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, or, rather than, or, not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 【答案】featured【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合and后动词时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点。【分析】一般过去时过去的动作或情况。过去完成时过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。连用时间状语：by the end of+过去时间，before+过去时间。特殊用法1.下列动词hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。2.This/It/That was the first/second/third . time that .表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。3.hardly . when .和no sooner . than .两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点。【分析】现在完成时连用时间状语so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now过去完成时过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。对比He has been ill for two weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。He had been ill for two weeks before she came back。在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点。 【分析】Ø 受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。Ø 混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。Ø 不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write, lock, wash, drive等。Ø 系动词不用被动语态，如：look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel摸起来, prove证明时, turn out结果，证明等。 【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【例1】 （2023年新高考II卷） As a little girl, I _ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【变式1】 (2022年全国高考新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【变式2】 （广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 【变式3】 （广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Panda conservation, on its own, _ _ (be) a success up to now.【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【例2】 （广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题） He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students answers (range) from 20g to 500g.【变式1】 （广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Noting Chinas achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, _(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday. 【变式2】（湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_(make) its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and gained a great fortune.【变式3】（河北省2023-2024学年高三试题） In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs, which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever.【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【例3】（2019年新课标全国卷）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_ （make）over the years.【变式1】（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as 【变式2】（江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年度高三调研试题）By Aug 19, Haihua Island _ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 【变式3】（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years.【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点【例4】（河北省任丘市第一中学2023年高三试题）Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. 【变式1】（2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Today, the modernist complex (stock) with so many art works that the exhibit arenas can show just a part of them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitions a highlight of any visit to the Getty.【变式2】 （福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum” as the theme for the mini building block project (base) on several factors.【变式3】 （广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The reinforced glass (use) for the bridge can hold up to 450 people at a time.1. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 2.（2023年广东省佛山市顺德区均安中学高三拉练试题 ）An all-time favorite dish and symbol of springtime in Zhejiang is Yan Du Xian, a delicious soup (make) with fresh spring bamboo shoots, cured pork and fresh pork.3.（福建省泉州市2023年高三四地联考试题）Deep in a rainforest in Hainan province, Zhang Chenliang picks up a daddy longlegs (长腿蜘蛛) and (present) it to the camera, explaining its features and living habits for the benefit of viewers on a short video platform.4.（福建省泉州市2023年高三四地联考试题）He loved going to his grandmothers home in the countryside, where the fields (be) bursting with vegetables and reeds (芦苇). 5.（2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside (do). 6.（辽宁省重点高中2023-2024学年高三10月试题） Volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife Mora from the UK_ (found) Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO), an international volunteer organization. 7.（河北省任丘市第一中学2023年高三试题）Apart from the mental relief of peoples mind, another major aspect of Taoist influence on Chinese culture (be) its  influence on martial arts.8.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）The solar terms (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. Solar term culture is still useful today to guide peoples lives.9.（江苏省连云港外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题） Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.10.（江苏省南京市五校2023年高三联考试题）“The on-loan program (highlight) close partnerships and scientific cooperation between China and other countries.11.（江苏省南京外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题）Last November, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China (add) to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.12.（江苏省南京外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题）“For centuries, the scent of tea leaves (offer) nutrition to this land. This intangible cultural heritage of tea processing techniques is deeply rooted in peoples everyday life.”13.（江苏省灌南高级中学2023-2024学年高三试卷）Consequently, cybercrime coming in many different forms_ (become) a huge problem in recent years. 14.（江苏省灌南高级中学2023-2024学年高三试卷）Cybercriminals took advantage of a weakness in a server,_ (assess) the companys files and demanded a large sum of money.15.（江苏省连云港高级中学2023-2024学年高三试题） At the entrance to the villages, a grand “torch tower”, standing more than 20 metres high and made of pine branches and dry firewood, (decorate) with fresh flowers and fruits.易错点07 动词的时态和语态目 录01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒二】一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒四】主动语态与被动语态易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点。【分析】一般现在时常与always，often，sometimes，usually等连用或通过上下文表示。一般过去时常与时间状语连用，或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。连用时间状语：last week, in 2021, 3 days ago, the other day, in the past现在完成时强调对现在造成的结果和影响，通常与时间段连用。连用时间状语：so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now【高考链接】（2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often_ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 易错分析：对一般规则死记硬背，不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中，上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, or, rather than, or, not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 【答案】featured【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合and后动词时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点。【分析】一般过去时过去的动作或情况。过去完成时过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。连用时间状语：by the end of+过去时间，before+过去时间。特殊用法1.下列动词hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。2.This/It/That was the first/second/third . time that .表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。3.hardly . when .和no sooner . than .两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点。【分析】现在完成时连用时间状语so far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up to now过去完成时过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”，句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。对比He has been ill for two weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。He had been ill for two weeks before she came back。在她回来之前，他已经病了两个星期了。易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点。 【分析】Ø 受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。Ø 混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。Ø 不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态，如：sell, read, write, lock, wash, drive等。Ø 系动词不用被动语态，如：look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel摸起来, prove证明时, turn out结果，证明等。 【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【例1】 （2023年新高考II卷） As a little girl, I _ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 易错分析：不关注句中的时间状语As a little girl和逻辑意思理解错误是失分原因。【答案】wished【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。【变式1】 (2022年全国高考新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 易错分析：句子较长，容易引起句子结构分析失误和翻译的重心转移，从而忽略关键词previously。【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。【变式2】 （广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后，正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速，强调客观事实。【答案】is called 【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。【变式3】 （广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Panda conservation, on its own, _ (be) a success up to now.【答案】has been 【解析】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，熊猫保护本身是成功的。根据后文up to now可知为现在完成时，主语为conservation，助动词用has。故填has been。【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【例2】 （广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题） He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students answers (range) from 20g to 500g.易错分析：本题重在分析句子结构，容易误填ranging，应知此处作谓语。谓语与非谓语的考查是高考的重点。【答案】ranged【解析】考查时态。句意：学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，陈述过去所发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填ranged。【变式1】 （广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Noting Chinas achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, _(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday. 易错分析：此句属于长难句，句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译，同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。【答案】stressed【解析】考查动词时态。句意：住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就，强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语Zhang Xiaohong与动词stress之间为主动关系，结合时间状语on Monday可知，此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填stressed。【变式2】（湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_(make) its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and gained a great fortune.易错分析：此题容易因为since而受到干扰，应当正确分析句子结构，理解since此处表“因为”。不能单纯看词形识别时间状语，英语单词由很多是一词多义，需具体分析上下文逻辑意思。【答案】had made【解析】考查时态。句意：由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪，商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易中国丝绸的机会，并获得了巨大的财富。此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had made。【变式3】（河北省2023-2024学年高三试题） In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs, which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever.【答案】had eaten 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用的是动词作谓语，根据前文的 she declared 以及句意可知，此处表示的是动作发生在过去之前故使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【例3】（2019年新课标全国卷）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_ （make）over the years.易错分析：本题出错主要因为固定短语记忆不牢及汉语翻译已经错误联想had done运用过去完成时则句中要出现表示过去的动作或时间。要牢记现在完成时经常搭配的时间状语：since, so far, up to now, in/over/during the past days等。【答案】have made【解析】考查时态。句意：我喜欢去这里，看我的家人和这些年我结交的朋友们。根据句中over the years可知应道使用现在完成时，其构成是have/has done。故填have made。【变式1】（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 易错分析：受到母语翻译影响，很多学生只要翻译为“已经”，就联想到have的过去时had，继而had done, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。【答案】have promised【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。【变式2】（江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年度高三调研试题）By Aug 19, Haihua Island_ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 易错分析：未能牢记过去完成时经常搭配的时间状语如by +过去时间，by the end of+过去时间。【答案】had received【解析】考查动词时态。句意：截至8月19日，海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By Aug 19可知，此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had received。【变式3】（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years.【答案】has been operating/has operated【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语for 10 years可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态或者现在完成时。【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点【例4】（河北省任丘市第一中学2023年高三试题）Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. 易错分析：句子结构分析错误，谓语动词分析不当，混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。【答案】were created 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：以道家思想为基础的武当武术，是明初著名的道士张三丰所创。根据时间状语in the early years of the Ming Dynasty可知用一般过去时，句中主语Wudang martial arts是复数，和动词create是被动关系，指武当功夫被创造，在句中作谓语用被动语态。故填一般过去时的被动语态were created。【变式1】（2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Today, the modernist complex (stock) with so many art works that the exhibit arenas ca