人教高中英语2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit4BodyLanguageSectionⅠReadingandThinking学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册.doc
UNIT 4BODY LANGUAGEWhy Body Language Is Important?When you learn a foreign language, you must learn more than the vocabulary and the grammar.To communicate successfully, you must also learn the nonverbal language, or “body language” of that culture.“Body language” is a term used to describe facial expressions, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages.This means of communication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than with words.For some messages, words are not enough.Speaking a foreign language is sometimes difficult because we may not understand the nonverbal signals of another culture.For example, nodding the head up and down is a gesture that may communicate different messages in different parts of the world.In North America, it means “I agree”In the Middle East, nodding the head down means “I agree” and up means “I disagree”In a conversation among Japanese it often simply means “I'm listening”Eye contact is also very meaningful, but it can also mean different things in different countries.In some Spanishspeaking countries, children show respect to an old person by not looking directly into the person's eye during a conversation.In other cultures, looking into a person's eye is expected.For example, if you don't do it in the United States, people may think that you are afraid, embarrassed, or angry.In the Middle East, direct eye contact in a conversation is more continuous than in many other parts of the world.People who are not used to this may feel uncomfortable.开启快乐学习之旅当你学习一门外语的时候，你必须学习词汇和语法以外的东西。为了能够顺利沟通，你必须学会那一文化的肢体语言。“肢体语言”是用来描述面部表情、姿势以及其他传递信息的身体动作的术语。这种沟通方式很重要，因而我们实际上可能用动作比用话语表达的更多。对于有些信息，言语是不够的。有时候说一门外语很难，因为我们可能不理解另一文化的非语言信号。比如，上下点头这一姿势在世界不同的地方表达的信息也是不一样的。在北美，这一姿势意味着“我同意”。在中东，低头表示“我同意”，而抬头表示“我不同意”。在日本人的对话当中，它通常只是表示“我在听”。眼神接触也很有意义，但是它在不同的国家也可以表示不同的意思。在一些说西班牙语的国家，孩子们在与老人的对话中通过不直视对方的眼睛来对对方表示尊敬。在其他文化中，人们期待别人直视眼睛。比如，在美国，如果你不这样做，人们可能会认为你害怕、尴尬或者生气。在中东，对话中直接的眼神接触的时间比世界上很多其他地方更持久。不习惯的人可能会觉得不舒服。模块核心素养导航Section Reading and Thinking.重点单词1interaction n交流；相互影响interact vi.交流；相互影响2vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变various adj.多样的，各种各样的variety n变化；多样化3appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的inappropriate adj.不合适的；不恰当的4approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过approval n赞成；批准5demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明demonstration n集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明6gesture n手势；姿势；姿态7witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n目击者；证人8employ vt.使用；应用；雇用employer n雇主employee n雇工9identical adj.相同的10interpret vt.把理解(解释)为vt.& vi.口译interpretation n理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式interpreter n口译工作者；口译译员11differ vi.相异；不同于different adj.相异的；不同的difference n不同；相异12cheek n面颊；脸颊13favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n帮助；恩惠；赞同favourable adj.给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的；支持的；有利的14bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头)n弓；蝴蝶结15waist n腰；腰部16barrier n隔阂；障碍17fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的18anger n愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒angry adj.生气的19reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的rely vi.信赖；依靠20incident n发生的事情；严重事件；冲突21trial n& v审讯；审判；试验；试用22slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的slightly adv.略微；稍微23twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的n孪生之一；双胞胎之一24nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非语言的verbal adj.涉及言语的；语言的25assessment n评价；评定assess vt.评估；评价26internal adj.内部的；里面的27slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)28pose n故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势vi.摆好姿勢vt.造成(威胁、问题等)29bend vt.& vi.(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向bent(过去式)bent(过去分词).重点短语1body language 身势语；肢体语言2vary from.to.从到变化3look into someone's eyes 直视某人4by contrast相比之下5look down俯视；向下看6by comparison(与)相比较7make inferences推理；推断8figure out想出；理解；弄清 9get through完成，干完(尤指难做的任务或工作)；度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)；通过电话联系上；接通的电话；通过(考试)10break down消除；分解；打破11feel down感到沮丧；情绪消沉 12in favour of支持13tend to_do sth.易于；往往；倾向于；有助于 14straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐15end up(通常指意外地)最终到达；最终；结果.重点句型1We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching_their_body_language.通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。2In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss_their_friends_on_the_cheek when they meet.在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。3And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing_better_than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。4Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you don't mean it?你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？1 典型例句There is a need for more interaction between staff and children.教工与学生之间需要更多的交流。There is an interaction between physical and emotional illness.身体疾病与心理疾病之间存在着相互影响。They are experts on humancomputer interaction.他们是人机交互专家。思维拓展interaction between sb./sth.interaction with sb./sth. 与的交流；与相互影响interact vi.交流；相互影响interact with sb.与某人交流；与某人沟通interact with sth.与相互影响Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。 Perfume interacts with the skin's natural chemicals.香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。即时训练Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.2 典型例句It is an appropriate time to make a speech.这是发表演讲的合适时间。This is an appropriate request for them.这对他们来说是个正当的要求。思维拓展be appropriate for/to对合适It is appropriate for sb.to do sth.适合某人做某事It is appropriate(that)是合适的His clothes were not appropriate for such a season.他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。即时训练Now that we have found the problem，we can take appropriate(appropriately) action.3 典型例句Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准可以发表了。The government approved a plan to build more houses for the poor to live in.政府批准了一项计划来建造更多的房子让穷人居住。思维拓展approve of sth.赞成；同意approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.赞成某人做某事approval nU赞成；批准Catherine's mother will never approve of her marriage to you.凯瑟琳的母亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。即时训练Most of his girlfriends failed to meet with his father's approval(approve)4 典型例句(1)表达；表露；表现；显露 You need to demonstrate more selfcontrol.你应该表现出更强的自制力。 (2)证明；证实；论证；说明 These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working.这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。 Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。 (3)示范；演示 Her job involves demonstrating new educational software.她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。 (4)集会示威；游行示威 They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。 思维拓展demonstrate sth.表现；表达demonstrate sth.to sb.向某人证明；向某人表达demonstrate sth.to be.证明某事demonstrate that.证明It has been demonstrated that .已经证明demonstrate against.示威反对demonstration n. 集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明 即时训练It has been demonstrated that this drug is effective.5 典型例句(1)vt.当场看到，目击；见证Several residents claimed to have witnessed the attack.几个居民声称他们亲眼看见了那起袭击事件。(2)n.目击者，证人常用搭配：One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。He decided to appear as (a) witness for the prosecution.他决定出庭为原告作证。即时训练Many people witnessed(witness) the car accident，so it was not difficult to investigate.6 典型例句Our company employed about one hundred people.我们公司雇用了大约一百人。You could employ your spare time better.你可以更好地利用闲暇时间。思维拓展employ sb.to do. 雇用某人做employ sb.as. 雇用某人为；聘请某人担任be employed in doing sth.从事于；忙于做某事employer n雇主employee n雇工即时训练The firm employed(employ) the retired professor as an adviser.7 典型例句(1)vt.把理解(解释)为 The data can be interpreted in many different ways.这份资料可以从多方面解读。 (2)vt.& vi.口译She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。 (3)vt.诠释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.他把这个角色演得十分幽默。 思维拓展interpret .as.把理解(解释)为 interpret sth.for sb.为某人口头翻译interpret .into.把解释成interpretation n理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式interpreter n口译工作者；口译译员即时训练I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.8 典型例句differ from.in.在方面不同于differ with sb.on/about sth.关于某事不同于某人的观点。Customs differ in different countries.各国风俗不同。The twins differ from each other in character.这对孪生姐妹性格迥异。I have to differ with you on that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。思维拓展different adj.不同的；有差别的be different from.in.在方面与不同difference n区别；差异tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B的区别make a/no/some/.difference (to)有/没有/有一些关系/作用/影响make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他是否来没有影响。即时训练In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then.It is how you react that makes a difference(different)9 典型例句(1)n. 喜爱，偏爱；恩惠，帮助；赞同，支持。Was he in favour of the death penalty？他赞成死刑吗？Can I ask a favour of you？Can I ask you for a favour?请您帮个忙，好吗？Do me a favour to turn off the radio.帮我把收音机关上。(2)vt. 较喜欢，选择；有助于，有利于；偏爱。The president is believed to favour further tax cuts.人们认为总统会赞同进一步减税。She always favours her youngest child.她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。思维拓展favourable adj. 赞同的，有利的favoured adj. 受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的favourite adj.特别喜欢的n. 特别喜欢的人/事物即时训练We were very excited because the score was 41 in our favour.10 典型例句(1)vi 鞠躬，点头。They bowed to the audience in the end.最后他们向观众鞠躬。All the people bowed down before the Emperor.所有人都向皇帝鞠躬。(2)vt. 低(头)，俯(首)。常与 down 连用。She bowed her head (down) in shame.她羞愧地低下了头。(3)vi. & vt. (使)弯曲。相当于 bend。The willows bow in the breeze.柳树被微风吹弯了。His back was bowed under the weight of the packs.背包压弯了他的背。(4)n. C鞠躬；弓；蝴蝶结。He moved aside for her with a polite bow.他礼貌地鞠躬，退避一旁让她过去。Liu Xiang made his start like an arrow from a bow.刘翔起跑时像一支离弦的箭。思维拓展bow to/before sb.向某人鞠躬bow low (to/before sb.) (向某人)深深地鞠一躬bow down (to/before sb.) (向某人)鞠躬图解助记即时训练Your table tennis is excellent.I bow to your superior skill.11 典型例句We're looking for someone who is reliable and hardworking.我们正在寻找可靠而又勤奋的人。思维拓展rely on/upondepend on/upon 依靠；信任；信赖rely on it that.相信He is a person that you can rely on.他是一个你可以信赖的人。即时训练In order to ensure children's health，we are determined to provide milk products with reliable (rely) sources.12 典型例句He's standing trial for thieving.他正因涉嫌偷窃而接受审判。We shall put the machine to further trial.我们将进一步试验这部机器。思维拓展be on trial在受审；在试验中stand trial for.因而受审make a trial进行试验即时训练The robber is on trial at present.13 典型例句The patient is slightly better today.病人今天稍好些了。He was slightly wounded in the car accident.他在车祸中受了轻伤。思维拓展slight adj. 轻微的；微小的Don't worry.It's just a slight problem.别担心，那只是个小问题。即时训练The middleaged economist advised that the merchants be taxed slightly(slight) from the beginners in the business.14 典型例句That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it.那就是说，当人们还没有说出全部的真相时，你必须能够做出判断，然后去发现它。思维拓展(1)assess sth.at钱估算/评估某物为多少钱assess sth./sb.(as sth./sb.)评定/评价(为)assess从句评定/评估(2)assessor n评审员/估价员assessment n评价/评定make an assessment of评估/评价After the flood, they assessed the loss at 10 million yuan.洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。即时训练The young men were_assessed(assess) as either safe or unsafe drivers.15 典型例句(1)vt.造成(威胁、问题等)The task poses no special problems.这项任务不会造成特别的问题。 (2)vi.摆好姿势The delegates posed for a group photograph.代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。 (3)vi.佯装；冒充；假扮 The gang entered the building posing as workmen.这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。 (4)(通常用于进行时)招摇；炫耀；拿姿作态 I saw him out posing in his new sports car.我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。 (5)n.故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。 思维拓展pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 pose as sb.冒充某人pose (for sb./sth.) (为画像、摄影)摆好姿势 strike a pose/an attitude摆出某种姿态 即时训练This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.考点集训一1I like to interact with others, so I have many friends. 2The theories were demonstrated to_be_false(false)3The students were asked to_interpret(interpret)the poem.4It is not possible for everyone to put their own interpretation(interpret)on the law.5After the wedding we all posed for a photograph.6The firm has over 500 employees(employ)7French differs from English in this respect.8The most common multiple births are twins(twin), two babies born at the same time.9She desperately wanted to win her father's approval(approve)10Our information comes from a reliable(rely)source.vary from.to. 由到不等，从到变化典型例句Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。思维拓展vary in sth.在某方面不同/有差异vary with随变化/改变vary between.and.从到不等various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的varied adj.各种各样的；变化的variety n不同种类；多样化a variety ofvarieties of种种即时训练Opinions on this matter varied(various) greatly from person to person，but somehow we managed to reach a decision.2 典型例句(1)弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白I can't figure out how to do this.我弄不懂怎么做这件事。(2)计算(数量或成本)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?旅行要花多少费用你计算出来没有？思维拓展figure on计划；打算；预料到it/that figures有道理；合乎情理watch one's figure注意保持体形即时训练It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.3 典型例句(1)vi.(机器)出故障，(车辆)抛锚，损坏The car broke down on the way to the airport.车子在去机场的路上抛锚了。(2)vi.(身体)垮掉Your health will break down if you work too hard.若工作太累，你的身体会垮的。(3)vi.(谈判等)失败，破裂The peace talk broke down with no agreement reached.和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。图解助记即时训练My car broke down on my way to the town.4 典型例句I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。I talked to Susan about it, and she's all in favour of going.我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同离开。思维拓展(1)be in/out of favour (with sb.)be in/out of sb.'s favour 得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等in sb.'s favour 对某人有利do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情(2)favourable adj.喜爱的；赞同的I'll ask Tom to take it.He owes me a favour.我要请汤姆接受。他欠我一个人情。Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？(3)in名词of短语in search of 寻找in need of 需要in place of 代替in memory of 为了纪念in case of 万一in terms of 就而言；在方面in possession of 占有in charge of 主管；负责in praise of 赞扬；表扬in view of 鉴于；考虑到即时训练Most people are in favour of bringing down housing prices because they are too high for them.典型例句I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn't get through.我试图给女朋友打电话，可是打不通。If you keep disturbing him, he will never get through his work.如果你一直打扰他，他永远也做不完他的工作。It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们通过海关只花了几分钟时间。思维拓展(1)get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to 为介词)get over 克服get on 进展；进步get in 收获get around/round 到处走动；传播出去Your meaning didn't really get across.你的意思并未真正被别人理解。(2)go through 检查；经历pass through 从中穿过；走过中look through 浏览；仔细查看see through 看穿；识破live through 活过(一段时间)；经过后仍然活着break through 突破(障碍)Ms Chen is going through the students' papers.陈老师正在检查学生们的论文。即时训练Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such a short time.6 典型例句I told them to straighten up.我叫他们挺起身子来。From ingrained habit he paused to straighten up the bed.出于长期的习惯，他停下来整理床铺。思维拓展straigh
