人教高中英语20-21 unit 4 预习·新知早知道.doc

.匹配词义单词匹配第一组()1.gestureAadj.相同的()2.identical Bn.手势；姿势；姿态()3.cheek Cn.隔阂；障碍()4.waist Dn.面颊；脸颊()5.barrier En.腰；腰部()6.fake Fadj.假装的；假的；冒充的()7.inference Gadj.内部的；里面的()8.internal Hn.推断的结果；结论；推论()9.twin In.& v审讯；审判；试验；试用()10.trial Jadj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的n孪生之一；双胞胎之一答案15BADEC610FHGJI第二组()1.tendencyAadv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚()2.lower Bn.组成部分；零件()3.barely Cvt.把放低；降低；减少adj.下面的；下方的；较小的()ponent Dn.趋势；倾向()5.perceive Evt.察觉；看待；理解()6.weep Fn.& vi.矛盾；冲突()7.conflict Gn.焦虑；担心；害怕()8.educator Hvi.& vt.哭泣；流泪 ()9.anxiety Iadj.尴尬的；难堪的()10.embarrassed Jn.教师；教育工作者；教育家答案15DCABE610HFJGI短语匹配()1.by contrastA消除；分解；打破()2.by comparison B推理；推论()3.make inferences C(与)相比较()4.break down D相比之下()5.in other words E(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请()6.call on F有某种影响；在工作()7.at work G换句话说；也就是说答案15DCBAG67EF.默写单词第一组1contrast n差异；对照物vi.& vt. 形成对照；形成对比2demonstrate vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明3witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证n. 目击者；证人4employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用5interpret vt. 把理解(解释)为vi.&vt. 口译6favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同7bow vi. 鞠躬；点头vt. 低(头)8gesture n. 手势；姿势；姿态9barrier n. 隔阂；障碍10fake adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的第二组1pose n. 故作姿势；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势vi. 摆好姿势vt. 造成(威胁、问题等) 2bend vt.& vi. (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向3assess vt. 评估；评价4. imply vt. 意味着；暗示5stare vi. 盯着看；凝视n. 凝视6ashamed adj. 羞愧的；惭愧的7bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因操心n. 麻烦；不便8adjust vt. 调整；调节vi.& vt. 适应；(使)习惯9occupy vt. 占据；占用10distinguish vi.&vt. 区分；辨别.选词填空demonstrated，identical，contrast，approved，interpreted，barrier，ceilings，gesture，internal，imply1The black paint on the door provides a contrast for the white walls.2She thought for a moment and then approved3All of those demonstrated the correctness of his analysis.4She wore the identical dress on both occasions.5We interpreted his silence as a refusal.6Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to investment in the region.7He suffered internal injuries in an accident.8Their failure to reply to our letter seems to imply a lack of interest.9The government has decided to lift price ceilings on bread, milk and other staples.10She waved us away with an impatient gesture.语法填空之派生词1The interaction(interact) of the two groups produced many good ideas.2By comparison(compare) with London, Paris is small.3John is very reliable(rely); if he says he'll do something he will do it.4We shall put the machine to further trial(try)5The new manager carried out an assessment(assess) of the sales department.6His explanations(explain) are always difficult to believe.7That educator(educate) published many articles in these magazines.8There's a lot of anxiety(anxious) among the staff about possible job losses.9He felt acutely embarrassed(embarrass) at being the centre of attention.10I merely(mere) suggested you should do it again.There's no need to get annoyed.1We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。2Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。3In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。4There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。5And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。词语助读express our thoughts and opinions表达我们的思想和观点interactions with other people与他人的互动information about their feelings有关他们的感受的信息(1)名词性从句what people are thinking作介词about的宾语；动名词短语watching their body language作介词by的宾语。(2)the way为先行词，后面是省略了that的定语从句。just like spoken language就像口语一样vary from culture to culture因文化而异be appropriate to适合make eye contact进行眼神交流look into someone's eyes直视某人的眼睛by contrast相比之下approve of赞成demonstrate respect表示尊敬look down低头；向下看(3)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way；其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。(4)it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to look down；when talking.为时间状语。witnesses sb.doing.看到某人正在做某事interpret it as meaning zero把它解释为零avoid making this gesture避免做这个手势(5)who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someone。(6)省略that的宾语从句。(7)现在分词短语作名词person的后置定语。(8)as引导原因状语从句。around the world世界各地；全世界shake one's head摇头by comparison相比之下have the opposite meaning有正好相反的含义kiss their friends on the cheek亲吻朋友的脸颊favour shaking hands更喜欢握手(9)and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when we meet or part为时间状语从句。(10)when引导时间状语从句。(11) when引导时间状语从句。have the same meaning有相同的含义rest them on the side of your head把它们放在头的一侧in circles绕圈；循环往复(12)and连接两个动词­ing形式一起作主语；while closing your eyes为时间状语。(13) 动词­ing形式saying “I am full”作介词of的宾语；动词­ing形式moving.stomach作表语。get through difficult situations渡过难关in a world of strangers在一群陌生人中break down barriers打破障碍ask for help请求帮助make yourself feel happier and stronger让自己更快乐、更坚强feel down or lonely感到沮丧或孤独nothing better than最好的莫过于；没有什么比更好(14)if引导条件状语从句。课文呈现LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALKWe use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language(1)Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(2) can also give us information about their feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in(3)For example, making eye contactlooking into someone's eyesin some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person(4)The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture(5) might think it means money(6)In France, a person encountering an identical gesture(7) may interpret it as meaning zero.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite(8)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part(9)In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet(10)Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else(11)Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes(12) means “sleep”A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach(13) after a meal.Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely(14)，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.译文参考倾听身体如何说话在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。语言很重要，但是人们站着、抱紧双臂、移动双手的方式也能告诉我们他们的感受。就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流直视某人的眼睛是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。例如，在许多中东国家，社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国，面对同样的手势，人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免这样做，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后手在肚子上转几圈。一些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在一群陌生人中找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，问候别人，请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑，让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。8