人教高中英语19-20 Unit 5 Section Ⅱ　Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Language Points.doc

Section Listening and Speaking &Reading and ThinkingLanguage Points1basis n基础；根据；基点basic adj.基本的；基础的base n基础，基地2apologise vi道歉；谢罪apology n道歉；认错3ignore vi.忽视；对不予理会 ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的ignorance n无知；愚昧4judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断 n法官；审判员；裁判员judgement n判断；审判；判断力5narrator n(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者，讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员narration n叙述；讲述；解说6mining n采矿；采矿业mine n矿；矿业miner n矿工7patience n耐心；忍耐力；毅力patient adj.忍耐的，有耐心的patiently adv.忍耐地；有耐心地8indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示indication n. 表明，暗示；预兆；说明9odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的，反常的oddly 奇怪地，怪异地oddness 奇怪；奇妙1judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断 n法官；审判员；裁判员His father is a fair judge.法官They were the judges at the flower show.评判员A man should be judged by his deeds，not his words.判断He was judged innocent.判决2bet n打赌；赌注vi.&vt.下赌注；用打赌 vt.敢说He bet $2，000 on the final score of the game.用打赌I bet that you are too late.敢说We've got a bet on who's going to arrive first.打赌3spot vt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹The leopard has spots all over its body.斑点His jacket was covered with spots of mud.污迹He likes to live on the lonely spot in the small island.地点；场所I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.发现；注意到Words And Phrases知识要点1apologise/apologize vi.道歉；谢罪(教材P50)Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money.王真因为不能给陈更多的钱而向她道歉。例1He apologises to her for not going to her party.他因没出席她的派对向她表示歉意。例2If you see him，please give my apology for not having written to him.如果你见到他，请为没有给他写信的事替我向他道歉。造句我写信为本周末不能和你一起游览北京而道歉。I'm writing you this letter to apologise to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing with you next week.知识拓展(1)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologise to sb.that. 向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology for sth. 因而应向某人道歉即学即练单句语法填空Bill apologised to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time.I made an apology(apologise) to my host and left early.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologising(apologise)小片段助记I think I owe you an apology for the damage I have done to your bicycle，so now I apologise to you for my bad behavior and I sincerely hope you can accept my apologises and understand my situation.知识要点2ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会(教材P50)Also，while listening don't ignore the speakers' tone and intonationthese can be important clues too.同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调这些也是很重要的线索。例1The driver ignored the traffic lights.那个司机忽视了红绿灯。例2I can't ignore his rudeness any longer.我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。造句 你没有管上课铃，而是去安静的地方劝你的朋友冷静下来。You ignored the bell and went to somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.知识拓展(1)ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的/没有学识的be ignorant of/about. 不知道；不了解；无知(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧即学即练(1)单句语法填空It's dangerous to ignore (ignore) traffic rules.I am quite ignorant of/about what they intend to do.He speaks in a disordered manner，which betrays his shallowness and ignorance(ignore)(2)完成句子He completely ignored all these facts(忽视所有事实)as though they never existed.George ignored his doctor's advice(不理睬医生的劝告) about drinking and smoking.She always feels ignored(总是感到被忽视)by her teachers，which makes her upset.He is ignorant of music(不了解音乐)小片段助记He was so ignorant about the question that he completely ignored others opinion about it.We all feel ashamed of his ignorance.知识要点3in return 作为回报；作为回应(教材P51)When we help someone，should we expect to get something in return?当我们帮助某人，我们该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？例1I don't expect anything in return.我不指望得到任何回报。例2He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him.他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。造句你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的。You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return，which is exactly that I am dying for.知识拓展in return for. 作为的交换；作为的报答in turn 轮流；依次；反过来by turns 轮流；时而时而on/upon one's return 一回来(就)a return ticket 往返票return to. 回到return sth.to sb. 把某物归还某人即学即练(1)单句语法填空I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.The people begged to be allowed to return to their home village.(2)完成句子英语老师让我们轮流背诵课文。Our English teacher asked us to recite the text in turn.她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice知识要点4judge vt.&vi.判断；评判；评价n法官；裁判员；评判员；鉴定人；审判员(教材P51)Should we judge people based on how much money they have?我们该根据人们拥有的钱的多少来评价他们吗？例1Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。例2If he had played a part in the film，he would have been judged to be the best actor this year.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评为今年的最佳男演员了。造句从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。Judging from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a book by/from its cover.知识拓展(1)judge .from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力提示judging from/by. 置于句首作状语。v.­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说”，frankly speaking“坦白地说”，considering.“考虑到”。即学即练单句语法填空Never judge a book by/from its cover.Judging(judge) from what he said，he was confident to win the first prize in the Chinese Character Dictation Contest(汉字听写大赛)It was due to luck rather than judgement(judge) that the driver succeeded in avoiding the accident.小片段助记There are five judges in the speech contest.As far as I can judge，it is wrong to judge the competitors only by their appearance.I think we should believe the judgement they make. However，judging from the reports，the result of it has been unclear.知识要点5scene n(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面(教材P52)ACT 1，SCENE 3第一幕，第3场例1He is good at drawing a peaceful country scene.他擅长画宁静的乡村景色。例2The burning building was a scene of panic as everyone ran to get out.人们从起火的大楼逃出来时，一片慌乱的景象。例3Our reporter was the first person to arrive the scene.我们的记者是第一个到达出事地点的。造句那些默默无闻地为实现这项计划而工作的人们才是真正的英雄。Those who worked behind the scenes are the real heroes of this project.知识拓展on the scene在现场；当场；在台上behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中come on the scene 出场；登场明辨异同scene/scenery/sight/viewscene指某一处的自然风光。scenery(总称)自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。sight景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑的事物；视力，眼界。view景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度(从远处或高处)所看到的景色。即学即练(1)单句语法填空Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash.Such decisions are made behind the scenes，without public knowledge.On receiving the call，the police rushed to the scene，where a traffic accident happened.(2)用scene，sight，view，scenery的适当形式填空Guilin is famous for its beautiful sceneryThe scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.You can get a wonderful view at the top of the tower.The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.知识要点6by accident 偶然地；意外地(教材P52)As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident.事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。例1The man spotted a police car behind him by accident.这个男人无意中发现有辆警车在他后面。例2She didn't turn up on time，perhaps by accident.她没按时出现，或许是无意的吧。造句那个当场被抓的人完全是碰巧在那儿。The man who was caught on the scene was there purely by accident.知识拓展by chance偶然；意外on purpose(by design) 故意地It is no accident that. 不是偶然的。即学即练单句语法填空Success in life doesn't happen by accident.It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.You make it sound as if I did it on purpose.知识要点7spot vt.发现；认出；点缀；看见；注意到 n斑点；污迹；处所；地点(教材P52)The next morning I was spotted by a ship.第二天早上，一艘轮船发现了我。例1I played jokes on you just now.I spotted you in the crowd the moment I saw you.我刚才是跟你开玩笑的。我一眼就从人群里认出了你。例2I spotted her sitting in the corner，sighing.我发现她坐在角落里叹气。造句当那个人试图闯入银行时，他被警察当场抓获了。When the man was trying to break into the bank，he was caught by the police on the spot/scene.知识拓展spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事be spotted with 散布；点缀on the spot/scene 当场；在现场提示spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如果缺少状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。即学即练单句语法填空I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring(stare) at me.More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.He was dressed in a coat，which was spotted (spot) with stars.知识要点8patience n耐心；忍耐力；毅力(教材P52)Patience.耐心点。例1The businessman answered all my questions with patience.这名企业家耐心地回答了我所有的问题。例2The young people upstairs often scream with laugher at midnight.I'm beginning to lose patience with them.楼上的年轻人经常半夜尖声大笑，我开始对他们失去耐心了。造句她不能容忍通过节食来减肥。She has no patience with losing weight through dieting. 知识拓展(1)out of patience/with patience没有耐心/耐心地have little/no patience with sb. 对某人几乎没/没耐心lose/run out of patience with sb. 对某人失去耐心beyond one's patience 无法忍受(2)patient adj. 耐心的n. 病人be patient with. 对有耐心(3)patiently adv. 耐心地即学即练单句语法填空Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with patience(patient)You ought to have patience(patient) when others consult you.He is just a small child，so you must be patient with him.小片段助记The nurse is very patient with her patients.Whenever they have any trouble，she will take care of them with patience.She always says “Treating them patiently makes her calm and safe”知识要点9be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)(教材P52)Yes，I was about to go get the letter.是的，我正想去拿信。例1I was about to set off when she dropped in.我刚要动身，这时她来访了。例2I was about to leave the office when the bell rang.我刚要离开办公室，电话就响了。造句今天早上我刚要去上学，我叔叔来了。I was about to go to school when my uncle came this morning.知识拓展be about to do sth.正要做这时(突然)be doing. when. 正在做这时突然be on the point of doing. when. 正要做这时(突然)had just done.when. 刚做完这时(突然)即学即练完成句子约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。They had just covered three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.知识要点10postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓(教材P53).but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o'clock.但是他不得不延迟到两点才能打开它。例1The game was postponed again，which made the students unhappy.比赛又延期了，这使学生们不高兴。例2It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。造句昨天你不应该延迟交作业。You shouldn't have postponed handing in your homework yesterday.知识拓展(1)postpone doing.推迟做postpone.to/until. 延迟到(2)postponement n. 延期；延迟即学即练单句语法填空Let's postpone making(make) a decision until we have more information.The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed (postpone) for several days due to the heavy rain.Riots(骚乱) led to the postponement(postpone) of local election.Sentence Patterns重点句式1find宾语宾语补足语(教材P52).and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。句式分析：find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是myself，宾语补足语是carried out to sea by a strong wind。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。例1When she came to life，she found herself surrounded by many people.当她醒过来时，发现自己被好多人围着。例2I find my knowledge of the project limited.我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。造句甚至最好的作家有时也会发现自己表达不出来。Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for word.知识拓展find宾语宾补，宾补除了用过去分词充当外，还有以下几种形式：find宾语即学即练完成句子我们回到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。When we got home，we found all the lights on她发现杰克是个幽默的人。She found Jack a humorous man他发现他的父亲负债累累。He found his father in heavy debt她转过身，发现一个男人在盯着她看。She turned around and found a man staring at her我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。After wandering around，we found ourselves back at the hotel.重点句式2It is/was.that.强调句型(教材P52)And it was the ship that brought you to England.正是那艘船把你带到了英国。句式分析：强调句式：“It is/was被强调部分that句子其他部分”。本句是对句子的主语the ship进行的强调例1Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我意识到，是苦干、决心和她善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。例2You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.你等错地方了。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。造句正是当我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉快。It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.知识拓展It is/was.that.强调句型(1)基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分(若被强调的部分是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一般用that)(2)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词is/was itthat/who.(4)对not.until.句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分即学即练(1)单句语法填空It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.It was not until two years ago that I began to learn English.I wonder what it is that upsets my little sister so badly.I think she really needs my comfort this time.(2)完成句子汤姆昨天是在哪里丢了他的手表？Where was it that Tom lost his watch yesterday?贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.重点句式3That's why.句式(教材P52)That's why we've given you the letter.这正是我们给你这封信的原因。句式分析：That is why.句式中why引导一个表语从句。例1That's why he was late for class.这正是他上课迟到的原因。例2That's why I told you a lie.这正是我向你撒谎的原因。造句那就是为什么英语中有那么多困难的令人困惑的规则。That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.知识拓展This/That is why.这/那就是为什么，这/那就是的原因This/That is because. 这/那是因为The reason why . is that. 的原因是提示表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就是语境当中翻译成“是因为”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么”就用why，而如果翻译成“是”，在表语从句中多用that。即学即练(1)单句语法填空The real reason why prices were，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.Seen from space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.Less is more.This is why we say：reduce things by half instead of doubling them.(2)完成句子他未经允许就离开了工作岗位，这就是我生他的气的原因。He went away from his post without permission and this was why I was angry with him那是因为有那么多事情都依赖着他们。That is because so many things depend on them.他没来是因为他病了。The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill.1May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are?分析本句为复合句，what you are doing.和what your plans are是两个并列句， 作ask的宾语。译文可不可以问问，你在这个国家要干点儿什么？你的计划又是什么呢？2If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I don't think it's very funny.分析本句为复合句，if引导条件状语从句。在主句中又有宾语从句it's very funny，且don't think为否定前置。译文如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可不觉得很好笑。3Well，why don'