英语语法043专项训练：虚拟语气（一）.doc

小升初英语虚拟语气（二）不用if的条件从句结构在笔语中，条件从句有时可以不用连词小而把were，had或should移至主语之前。但如从句没有were，had或should，则一般不能这样做。如：Should he come，tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I in your position，I would go.如果我处于你的地位，我就去。Had they not helped us，our experiment would have failed. 如果没有他们的帮助，我们的试验是会失败的。注有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用介词短语、动词不定式等来表示。如：without contradiction nothing would exist. 没有矛盾就没有世界。We could not have done the work well without your help.要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能做好这工作。It wonld be a good idea to go swimming at the summer palace.到颐和园去游泳，倒是个好主意。All this would have been impossible ten years ago.这一切在十年前是不可能有的。虚拟语气和情态动词虚拟结构(不论从句或主句)常可用情态动词的过去式，即could，might，wou1d等加不带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式完成式，来作谓语动词。这些情态动词除表示虚拟结构外，本身还有独立的意思。如：If I were you，I Would go.我如果是你，我就愿意去。If he were here，he might agree with you.假如他在这里，他可能会同意你。I Would help you if I could. 假如我能够的话，我一定帮助你。If it had not been for their help，we could not have succeeded. 如果没有他们的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。有时条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作所发生的时间不一致。这时，动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If he had followed the doctor's advice，he Would be quite all right now.他当时若是听医生的话，现在就会痊愈了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)If I were you，I Would have gone to the theatre.假如我是你，我会去看话剧了。(从句的时间包括现在，主句说明过去)If you hadn't helped me，I couldn't have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working now.假若你没有帮助我，我不可能按时完成工作，很可能现在还在干哩。(从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在)用直陈语气表示条件和结果在现代英语里，多用直陈语气表示条件和结果。直陈语气的条件和结果所表示的往往是事实。如不是事实，其可能性也较虚拟语气要大。如：If it rains tomorrow，we shall not go out.假如明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。The dog won't attack you if you sit still.如果你安静地坐着，狗是不会咬你的。If the train leaves at eight thirty，there is no time to lose. 火车如果是八点半开，我们得抓紧时间了。If the rain stops，I'll go for a swim.要是雨停了，我就去游泳。