人教高中英语19-20 Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Language Points.doc

Section Listening and Speaking &Reading and ThinkingLanguage Points1congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪congratulation n祝贺；恭喜2religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj宗教的；笃信宗教的3joy n高兴；喜悦joyful adj 高兴的；快乐的4agriculture n农业；农艺agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产)5decorate vt.装饰；装潢decoration n装饰；装潢6significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的significance n意义；重要性；意思7typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；平常地8commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的commercialise vt.使商业化；利用牟利commercialisation n商业化9belief n信仰；信心；信任believe vt.相信10occasion n特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的occasionally adv.偶尔；间或1march vt.使前进，使行军vi.行进；前进；示威游行；进行n行进；行军；示威游行；进行曲；三月At the end of the march，I was very tired.行军In our country，spring lasts from March to May.三月About 5，000 people marched through the city to fight against the war.示威游行We marched 50 km across the foothills.进行，行军Mr Carter marched us into the principal's office.使某人前进2figure n人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定；计算；象征vi.计算；出现；扮演角色How do you figure he can live without me.认为He is the figure of authority that we have to deal with.人物I'm sure that our figure is correct and exact.数字She's always had a good figure.身材I hadn't figured on getting home so late.计算、算到I can't figure out how to do this.弄懂Words And Phrases知识要点1congratulation n祝贺；恭喜(教材P2)receive congratulations from.收到来自的祝贺例1I want to express my sincere congratulations on your success.我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。例2We offered our congratulations to the winners.我们向获胜者祝贺。造句祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得大的进步。Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.知识拓展(1)congratulation n祝贺；恭喜congratulations to sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事Congratulations! 恭喜你！(2)congratulate sb.on 就向某人祝贺congratulate oneself on(doing) sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴即学即练单句语法填空She congratulated(congratulate) me warmly on my exam results in the NMET last week.You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.I have passed the English test，though my mark is only C.Congratulations(congratulate)And I believe you can do it better next time.知识要点2after all毕竟；别忘了(教材P3)After all，as you know，I love to dance!正如你所知，毕竟，我爱舞蹈。例1Think of it，after all，we have to pay.想想啊，毕竟我们曾经都付出了。例2After all，I'm your best friend.别忘了，我是你最好的朋友。造句你应该对这些学生们宽容一点。毕竟他们还都是孩子。You should be easy on these students.After all，they are kids.知识拓展above all最重要的是；尤其是all in all 整体说来；总而言之in all 全部；合计at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟first of all 首先明辨异同above all/after all/first of all/in allabove all意为“最重要的是；尤其是”，强调事物的重要性。after all毕竟；究竟，导出原因，通常放在句首。first of all意为“首先”，强调事物的排列顺序。in all意为“总共；总计”。即学即练用all的相关短语填空First of all(首先)，let them introduce themselves to us.He has done it well.After all(毕竟)，he is only a learner.I'd like to buy a house first of all(首先) modern，comfortable，and above all(尤其是)in a quiet neighborhood.All in all(总而言之)，every road leads to Rome，and I do believe hard work pays off.知识要点3(教材P4)They have a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the year，religions，famous figures and important events.它们有各种各样的起源，例如一年中的各个季节，各种宗教，著名人物和一些重大事件等。(1)range n种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列例1She has a wide range of interests.她有广泛的兴趣爱好。例2Hiring and firing are both within the range of his responsibilities.招聘和解雇员工都在他的职责范围内。造句她做过许多不同的工作，从清洁工到公交司机都做过。She has had a number of different jobs，ranging from cleaner to bus driver.知识拓展(1)a full/wide range of各种各样的；范围广泛的；一套；一系列in/within range(of.) 在()可及的范围内beyond/out of range(of.) 超出(的)范围(2)range from A to B 在A到B范围内变动range between A and B 在A和B范围之间变动即学即练单句语法填空(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed­limiting.小片段助记There are a wide range of animals in the zoo，ranging from cats to tigers.The tigers can range between the two rooms but can't move beyond/out of the fence of the house.(2)figure n画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估计；计算；认为例1I figure that you know more about the MBA.我认为有关MBA你知道的更多。例2Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.我们的教科书里有很多插图来帮助解释课程内容。造句(2017·北京卷)如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.知识拓展(1)figure out理解；想出；计算出；弄明白(2)keep one's figure 保持体形have a good figure 身材好a political/public figure 一位政治/公众人物即学即练单句语法填空To help them figure out our festival of Qing Ming，we took them to our town.It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.小片段助记Lucy is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in our town，she gets up to take exercise every day and she also buys many books in which have many figures with a good figure.Now I figure out how she has kept her figure for all these years.知识要点4gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割(教材P4)This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in.这一重要的农耕节日(一般)会在所有农作物收割完毕后举行。例1Clouds gather before a thunderstorm.在风暴来临之前云层聚集。例2He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。例3The farmers are gathering crops in the fields.农民们正在田野里收割庄稼。造句越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.知识拓展gather experience积累经验明辨异同gather/collectgather意为“收集，聚集”，指把分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来，也可指把人集中、聚集起来。collect意为“收集，采集”，着重于计划性和选择性含义，指有计划、有目的、有选择地“收集”。即学即练用gather和collect的适当形式填空The captain gathered all the soldiers before him，telling them to get ready for the fight.We have collected 30 samples from over 200 patients.知识要点5significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的(教材P4)Customs play a significant role in festivals，but sometimes they can change over time.习俗在节日中起着重要的作用，但是有时他们也会随着时间而变化。例1The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。例2The task took him a significant amount of time.这份工作花了他大量的时间。造句老师及时的鼓励对学生很重要。Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant/is of great significance to his/her students.知识拓展significance n重要性；意义be of great significancebe very significant 非常重要be of no significance 无意义，不重要attach significance to 重视联想发散常见“beof抽象名词”的短语：be of significancebe significantbe of importancebe importantbe of valuebe valuablebe of helpbe helpfulbe of usebe useful即学即练单句语法填空In my view，practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students' growth.She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance(significant) to educating them.It is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.知识要点6typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的(教材P4)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.为了驱逐恶鬼和庆祝新年，中国人在春节燃放鞭炮的习俗就是一个典型的例子。例1This painting is fairly typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。例2It is typical of him to play jokes on others.他一向喜欢取笑别人。造句他一向喜欢帮助那些处于逆境的人。It is typical of him to help those who are in trouble.知识拓展be typical of.在中典型的；有代表性的it's typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事一向如此即学即练单句语法填空It's typical of him to come to school late.Typically(typical)，he always listens to music while doing some washing.知识要点7in spite of不管；尽管(教材P4)Another example is Halloween，which slowly became an exciting festival for children，in spite of its religious origins.另一个例子是万圣节，它慢慢地变成了一个让孩子们很兴奋的节日而尽管它起源于宗教。 例1He would go in spite of our warning.尽管我们提出警告他还是要去。例2In spite of the troubles of the past two years，there could be light at the end of the tunnel.尽管在过去的两年里麻烦不断，但我们应该相信在隧道的另一端一定会看到光亮。造句尽管在这点上我们不能达成一致，我们仍然是朋友。In spite of our disagreement on this point we are still friends.明辨异同regardless of/despite/in spite ofregardless of强调不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。后可接whether，what引导的从句。despite/in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。即学即练单句语法填空She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.Dr.Bethune continued working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation.He went fishing despite the bad weather.知识要点8(教材P5)They reflected people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.它们反映了人们的希望，信心，宗教信仰和对生活的态度。(1)reflect v映照；反射；思考；显示例1Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。例2She could see her face reflected in the water.她可以看见映在水中的自己的脸。例3The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on/upon before we act.我们采取行动之前需要思考市场可能的反应。造句你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes and failures.知识拓展(1)reflect sb./sth. in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事；回忆某事(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像be lost in reflection 陷入深思中即学即练单句语法填空It seems beautiful that the tall buildings reflected(reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.小片段助记Looking at the reflection of the trees in the lake，I reflected on some reasons that explained the phenomenon reflected in the picture.(2)faith n宗教信仰；信任；相信例1Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。例2I have great faith in you.I know you will be successful one day.我非常相信你，我知道终有一天你会成功。造句她对我的能力很有信心。She has great faith in my ability.知识拓展(1)have faith in sb./sth.信任某人某事lose faith in sb./sth. 对失去信心(2)faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的(3)faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地即学即练单句语法填空Under no circumstance shall we lose faith in the future.As we know，dogs are faithful friends of human.小片段助记We should have faith in ourselves and friends.If we lost faith in them，we may not make faithful friends any more，meanwhile we should treat our friends faithfully.Sentence Patterns重点句式1“no matter疑问词”句式(教材P4)However，no matter how difficult they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.然而，在全世界所有的节日中，不管它们看起来是多么的不同，但共享喜悦，感恩，爱与和平的精神是一致的。句式分析：“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。例1Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加，无论他们来自哪个国家。例2No matter where you go，I'll follow you.不管你去哪里，我都会跟着。造句法网恢恢，疏而不漏。No matter who breaks the law，he must be punished.知识拓展(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。即学即练单句语法填空Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.No matter how carefully you plan your finances，no one can predict when the unexpected will happen.重点句式2with复合结构(教材P5)Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.随着商业对各种庆祝活动的利用，节日也变得越来越商业化了。句式分析：句中with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations为with的复合结构作状语。例1With the exam coming near，I felt very nervous.随着考试的临近，我感觉十分紧张。例2With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.有当地向导带路，我们很容易就到了那儿。造句随着时间的流逝，他变得越来越勤奋了。With time going by，he became more and more hard­working.知识拓展(1)with宾语to do(表示将来的动作)(2)with宾语doing(表示主动或进行)(3)with宾语done(表示被动或完成)(4)with宾语介词短语/adj./adv.即学即练With a guide to show(show) us around the scenic spots，we're sure to have a good time.With several problems remaining(remain) to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.With more and more forests damaged(damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.With John away，we've got more room.With a book in his hand，he left his office.重点句式3make it adj.for sb.to do 句型(教材P5)Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.网上购物的网址和社会媒体软件的应用让公众花更多的钱为所爱的人买礼物变得更容易了。句式分析：句中made it much easier for the public to spend.，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to spend.。例1This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一系列反应，使生命的发展成为可能。例2We should make it a rule to clean our classroom every morning.我们应该把每天早上打扫教室当作一条规则。造句我精通英语，这使我更容易地找到一份好工作。I have a good command of English，which makes it easier for me to find a good job.知识拓展(1)makeitadj./n.that从句(2)makeitadj./n.to do不定式(3)makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.提示常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。即学即练单句语法填空She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.People in the west make it a rule to buy(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.He is stubborn，which makes it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.(教材P5)They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life and forget about our work for a little while.分析本句为复合句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions。而relax，enjoy和forget是三个动词不定式的并列，作allow的宾语补足语。译文它们也是一些让我们放松下来，享受生活和暂时忘记工作的机会。教材高考1.wear traditional costumes(2019·江苏卷).since the exchange students are unlikely to come in their traditional costumes.2.the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.(2019·全国卷)Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy.3.some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(2019·全国卷)选项49 fade away4.Festivals are becoming more and more commercial.(2019·全国卷)The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and.5.They reflect people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.(2019·全国卷)I reflect on how my day's gone and.6.It was great fun walking along the streets，enjoying the relaxing atmosphere.(2019·全国卷)选项50 atmosphere.单句语法填空1Festivals of all kinds have a wide range of origins all around the world.2They travelled to Canada after all the crops had been gathered(gather) and stored.3At the beginning of the year，farmers usually have a lot of agricultural (agriculture) work to do.4Can you tell me what's your religious (religion) belief?5The lady dressed herself up for the get­together tonight.6Do you know what most festivals seem to have in common?7Festivals are playing a significant(significance) role in our daily life now.8Looking at the picture reflected(reflect) in the mirror，the baby smiled.9There are some occasions in our life where we can sing and d