小升初单词（4）形容词和副词.docx

March 资源站 公众号：虫鱼窝里的小幸运形容词和副词第一节 形容词（adj.）一、定义：用来形容人或事物特点的词。 二、形容词的作用： 1. 作定语：e.g. Its an interesting book. a red apple2. 作表语：用在系动词后： be动词，五感动词 (smell, taste, sound, look, feel) 和 get, become, turn 后 + adj 作表语。e.g. She is angry. Mary is tall. The food tastes delicious. The silk feels soft. 3. 作宾语补足语。 We should keep our classroom tidy and clean. We should make our country beautiful and strong. 三、貌似adv. 的adj。lonely (孤独的),friendly (友好的), lively (生动的),lovely (可爱的), deadly (致命的)等。四、复合形容词。He is an eleven- year- old boy. 数-单名作定语good- looking好看的， warm- hearted热心的， middle-aged中年的五、多个adj的排序问题。口诀：美、小、圆、旧、黄、法国、木、书房。一张小的圆木桌。 a small round wooden table. 一件黑色的旧大衣。 an old black coat. 六、以 ing 和 ed结尾的adj用法区别：Jane is bored because her job is boring. Julia thinks maths is very interesting because she is interested in maths. boring Im bored with my job. interesting Im not interested in my job any more. My job is tiring Im always tired when I do my homework. satisfying Im not satisfied with my job. depressing My job makes me depressed. 通过以上例子发现，当修饰人或人作主语时用 ed，当修饰物或物作主语时用 ing。第二节 副词（adv.）一、副词的构成：许多adv来源于adj, 在adj词尾后加上 ly而成。这些adj向adv转换遵循两个规则： 1. 在adj后直接 + ly. quick quickly sudden suddenly rapid rapidly warm warmly 2. 以“辅 +y” 结尾的adj, 把y变i, 再加-ly. thirsty thirstily hungry hungrily angry angrily happy happily ready readily hearty heartily 3. 去e加ly： terribleterribly二、adv的作用。1. 修饰 v. 表示行为或动作的方式。 He listens carefully. Please speak quietly. Tom looked at me sadly. She speaks English perfectly.2. 修饰adj. It was terribly dry. Im terribly sorry.3. 修饰其他 adv. He sings very well.第三节 形容词、副词的特殊用法1. enough. 足够地She shouldnt get married yet. Shes not old enough. The English and Maths papers werent easy enough for me. (新一L103)enough用在adj和adv之后。2. tooto 太而不能She is not old enough to get married. = She is too young to get married. too + adj / adv + to 太而不能3. so / so.that. 如此以至于The book was so good that I couldnt put it down. I was so tired that I fell asleep. The story was so stupid. 总结：so.that / so 后 + adj / adv.4. It is important for us to learn English. I found it difficult for me to sing English songs. 总结： It is + adj (for sb) to do sth 主 + v. + it + adj to do sth 两个句型。即it 作形式主语/形式宾语adj的考点。adj与adv的比较级，最高级adj与adv比较级，最高级的构成一样。一、规则变化。口诀：直、去、双、变、加。1. long longer few fewer young younger weak weaker low lower hard harder 规则变化，直接 + er/est。2. nice nicer large larger wide wider fine finest safe safer 以e结尾，直接 + r/st。3. big bigger hot hotter thin thinner fat fatter wet wetter red redder以一个辅音字母+一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母结尾，双写末尾辅音字母 +er/est。4. heavy heavier early earlier busy busier dirty dirtier easy easier hungry hungrier以一个辅音字母 + y结尾，y变i + er/est。5. difficult more difficult useful more useful careful more careful quietly more quietlyslowly more slowly more / most + 双音节或多音节词6. 特殊变化： clever cleverer, cleverest二、不规则变化。(好，坏，多，少，远，老)good / well better best bad / badly / ill worse worstmany / much more most little less least far farther farthest（表距离） further furthest（表程度）old older oldest ； elder eldest（只作定语，如：elder sister姐姐） 第五节 adj/adv比较级、最高级用法一、原级用法：English is as important as Chinese. Its not as good as the expensive one. (L111) 它没有那个价钱高的好。He is as busy as a bee. I get up as early as you do.Luckily, the weather is not so bad as yesterday. This is not so/as good as that one.总结：(1) 原级比较用 as.as. (肯) .not so/as.as. (否) (2) . as + adj / adv 原级 . as . 二、比较级常用句型。1. Its smaller than the blue one. (L107) The blue suitcase is heavier than the brown one. (L108) Im taller than she. Mary runs faster than Tom. Its much colder than yesterday. He did his homework more carefully than her. He runs much faster than Tom. This problem is much more difficult than that one.总结：(1) 口诀：than前必用比较级；见二就用比较级。 甲 + be + 比较级 + than + 乙 (2) 句型: 甲 + 谓.v + 比较级 + than + 乙 (3) 比较级前可用 much, even, still, a bit, a little 修饰可加强语气。2. Its getting colder and colder. Mary is getting more more beautiful. The students study harder and harder.“比较级 + and + 比较级” 越来越 3. The more careful you are, the less mistakes you would make. the sooner, the better. 越快越好。“the + 比较级, the + 比较级。”越越 三、比较级中特殊点。1. 比较级前不加the, 但在下面的句型中，比较级前加the。He is the more careful of two engineers. He is the better dancer of the two.“甲 + 谓语v. + the + 比较级 + of the two + ” 两者中较2. 试比较： Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (重庆属于中国的范围，用than any other + 单.n) Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa. (非洲的城市不包括上海，用than any + 单n.)四、最高级中常见句型。1. He is the tallest boy in the class. He is the tallest boy of the students.口诀：见三就用最高级。adj. 最高级前 + the，而adv最高级前the可省去。In / of用法区别口诀：同类的用of, 不同类的用in。2. She is one of the most beautiful girls in the school. Lily is one of the most popular teachers in our school. “主语 + 谓语v. + one of the + 最高级 + 复数n. + in / of 短语”