人教高中英语2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit5WorkingtheLandSectionⅣ单元要点复习学案含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册.doc

Unit 5 Working the LandSection 单元要点复习.重点单词1devote v献身；致力；专心(1)devote time/effort/money.to. 为付出时间/努力/金钱devote oneself to.献身于；专心致力于devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的devotion n挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献(2)表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be absorbed in，be lost in，be buried in，be occupied in，focus on，concentrate on，fix one's attention on2shortage n不足；缺少；短缺food/housing/water shortages 食物/住房/用水短缺 a shortage of funds 资金不足 short adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的fall short of sth.未达到；不符合 be short of缺乏，短缺in short总之；简言之3yield n产量；产出；利润vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服；让步vi.放弃；缴出yield (to sth./sb.) 屈服；让步 yield sth./sb. (up) (to sb.) 放弃；缴出 yield to sth.被替代；为所取代 a high crop yield 作物丰收 a reduction in milk yield 牛奶产量的降低4convince vt. 使确信，使相信convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事be convinced of sth.相信某事be convinced that相信某事convincing adj.令人信服的5attain vt.(经过努力)获得；得到；达到(年龄、水平、状况等)attainable adj.可获得的；可达到的attainment n达到；成就6conventional adj.常规的；传统的；保守的7assumption n假定；设想；承担；担任make an assumption假设；认为on the assumption that.在假定的情况下assume vt.假定；设想；承担assume that.假设assume office 就职assume responsibility 承担责任assume an air/expression of.装出的样子/表情assuming that.假定(作连词用，相当于 if)8overcome vt.& vi.战胜；克服；控制(感情)be overcome with被(感情)所控制，受到情绪的极大影响9expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展expand (.) into(把)扩展到expand on/upon详述；充分叙述10comprise vt.包括；包含；由组成(不用于进行时)vt.是(某事物的)组成部分；组成；构成be comprised of consist of 由组成comprise make sth. up 11generate vt.产生；引起generate electricity/heat/power 发电/产生热 / 动力 generate income/profit 产生收益 / 利润generation U (尤指电、热等的)产生 Csing./pl.v. (统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人；代，一代，一辈the generation of electricity 发电 methods of income generation 产生收益的方法 stories passed down from generation to generation 世代相传的故事 generator n. 发电机 12urban adj. 城市的；市镇的urbanization n都市化；城市化13alleviate vt.减轻；缓解alleviation n减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物14digest vt. 消化(食物)；领悟，融会贯通vi. 消化n. 摘要；文摘digestion n. 消化digestive adj. 消化的；易消化的15alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的；非传统的alternative energy可替代能源an alternative to.的替代品have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事16depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)the depth of a cut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度the depths of the ocean 海洋深处live in the depths of the country ( a long way from a town)住在偏远地区in the depths of winter ( when it is coldest)在隆冬季节in depth全面地；深入地；详细地be out of your depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及deep adj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有深的17root n根；根茎；根部；根源v(使)生根；翻寻deep spreading roots扎得很深的根root crops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜pigs rooting for food拱土觅食的猪.重点短语1care for照顾；关心；喜欢care about，care for和care with都有“关心”“担心”的意思，但是在表示“介意”“计较”意思时，要用care about。在表示“关怀”“照顾”“想要”的意思时，要用care for。2far from远非；绝不far from后常接名词、动名词或形容词。far from the truth/case远非事实far from satisfactory远不令人满意3take on(1)承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任) (2)呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点) (3) (公共汽车、船舶等)上(客)，装(货)，补充(燃料) (4)雇用；录用 4make use of 利用；使用make good/full use of 好好/充分利用make the best of 充分利用(有利条件)make the most of 充分/尽量利用(有利条件)make little use of 几乎不利用；不充分利用5now that 既然类似 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because 不能与 so 连用，当 since, now that 引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加 so 等连词。6make up one's mind 下决心；决定change one's mind 改变主意keep/have sth.in mind 记住某事lose one's mind 失去理智7in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流by turns 轮流；交替take one's turn轮流做It's one's turn to do轮到某人做某事8turn to求助于；求教于turn against反对turn away回绝turn up调大；出现 turn off关掉turn back往回走 turn down关小；调低turn in上交 turn on接通；打开9keep.free of/from使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人keep sb.doing sth.使某人不停地做某事keep in touch with与保持联系keep sb./sth.out of sth.不让某人/某物入内keep an eye on sth.注意；看守keep on doing sth.继续做某事10for instance(for example)例如；比如常见的表示列举的短语：(1)such as意为“例如，诸如之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。.重点句型1Yet, he considers_himself_a_farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。 consider在此表示“认为”。consider vt.考虑；认为consider sth.考虑某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事considerwh­ to do/wh­clause考虑consider that.认为consider sb./sth.(as).认为某人/某物是consider sb./sth.(to be)adj./n.认为某人/某物consider itadj./n.to do认为做某事是be considered to do/have done被认为做某事/做了某事2Today, it_is_estimated_that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻本句属于“Itbe过去分词that.”结构，句中 that 引导主语从句，主语从句本身又是一个主从复合句，从句中(so.)that 引导结果状语从句。“Itbe过去分词that.”结构：it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语，that 仅起连接作用，不作成分。常用动词：say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，know 等。该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.be过去分词不定式”(hope 和 suggest 除外)。3Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 Given用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”等意思。“giventhat从句”意思是“考虑到”，相当于considering。4As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too_fast_to_be rich in nutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。too fast to be.是too.to.结构，该结构意为“太以致不，太而不能”。其中too是副词，用来修饰形容词/副词，to是动词不定式符号。使用too.to.结构时应注意：(1)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是及物动词时，不定式中的动词后不能跟宾语。(2)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是不及物动词时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。(3)too.to.结构并非总是表示否定意义，在以下几种情况中，too.to.结构表示肯定意义：not置于动词不定式前，构成too.not to.结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，转而表示肯定意义，该结构意为“太不会不”或“非常必定能”。too.to.结构前有not，never，no longer，but，only等词时，这一结构也表示肯定意义。too.to.结构中，too后为anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，kind，willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等的形容词时，too相当于very much(极其，十分，非常)，此时该结构表示肯定意义。5What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。这是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是主语从句；that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是同位语从句。其中keep.from doing so是keep . from doing sth.“阻止做某事”结构。同义表达还有：stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事。这三个结构的主动语态中只有keep .from.中from不能省略；在被动语态中，三个from均不可省略。写作技巧点拨辩论作文假设你是李华，最近你们班就“本市要不要修地铁”这一话题展开了一场激烈的讨论。请根据以下提示，给某英文报社的编辑写一封信，客观介绍这次讨论的情况。70%的学生赞成30%的学生反对1.快速，安全2.节能，无污染3.有助于缓解地面交通拥挤状况1.花费太大2.可能破坏某些地下历史文物注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：交通拥挤traffic jam；历史文物historical relicsDear editor，_Yours，Li Hua一、构思谋篇二、关键词语一场激烈的讨论a heated discussion多达up to赞成计划agree to a plan交通方式means of transport持相反的观点hold the opposite opinion三、连词成句1最近，我们班就“本市要不要修地铁”展开了一场激烈的讨论。Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether a subway should be built in our city.2多达70%的学生赞成这一计划。Up to 70 percent of the students agree to this plan.3他们认为，在城市里地铁要比其他交通方式更快捷、更安全。They think that a subway train is faster and safer than other means of transport in a city.4其他学生持相反的观点。The rest of the students hold the opposite opinion.四、连句成篇Dear_editor，Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether a subway should be built in our city.Now I am writing to tell you the result.Up to 70 percent of the students agree to this plan.They think that a subway train is faster and safer than other means of transport in a city. Besides, it is energy­saving and doesn't cause pollution. What's more, it can help reduce the traffic jams above ground. The rest of the students hold the opposite opinion.They think that it costs too much money to build a subway and our city can't afford it. What's worse, it may destroy some underground historical relics when a subway is being built.Yours，Li_Hua本单元的写作任务是写辩论报告，这类文章要求用一定的理由说明自己对事物或问题的见解、看法，属于议论文的范畴。1篇章特点议论文是一种以议论为主要表达方式的文体，就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通，说透。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据的基本要求是真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是推理必须符合逻辑。2注意事项写作时应注意：第一，要提出正确鲜明的论点。一般来说，要把论点写在篇首或段首，这样能起到纲举目张的效果，让读者读起来更容易把握文章思路。第二，要重视论据这一关的阐述。论据就是用来证明论点的事实和道理。要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例来证明论点。第三，论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。3写作形式此类作文一般有两种写法。(1)文章分三部分进行论述：第一部分：提出论点第二部分：给出论据第三部分：得出结论(2)文章分四部分进行论述：第一部分：说明辩论的主题、参与者等第二部分：列举正方的观点及其理由第三部分：列举反方的观点及其理由第四部分：阐明自己的观点4.常见的写作用语(1)总结There are different opinions among people as to.We had a heated discussion about.Different people hold different opinions.Opinions are divided.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards.People have different opinions on this problem.People take different views on this question.(2)表达不同观点.of them hold the opinion that.of them are in favour of the idea that.People who are for/against the idea think.Some people believe that. Others argue that.(3)不同观点之间的衔接用语However，.of them hold a different view./.of them hold the opposite opinion.People who are against it don't think so.However，each coin has two sides.Different from those.，.people think.On the other hand，.people object that.and，as well as，also.besides, in addition, moreover, what's more.unlike，on the contrary, on the other hand.