人教高中英语20-21 unit 5 预习·新知早知道.doc
.匹配词义单词匹配第一组1crisisAadj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的2intense Badj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的3output Cn.产量；输出；输出量 vt.输出4domestic Dn.危机；危急关头5consumption Evt.产生；引起6generate Fn.消耗；消耗量；消费7strain Gn.闲暇；休闲；空闲8leisure Hn.名人；名流；名望；名誉9soil In.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力10celebrity Jn.泥土；土壤；国土；领土答案15DACBF610EIGJH第二组1urban An.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机2tunnel Badj.城市的；都市的；城镇的3extension Cn.地下通道；地道；隧道4flavour Dn.小麦；小麦籽5wheat En.味道；特点；特色6alleviate Fn.贫穷；贫困7poverty Gvt.减轻；缓解8grocery Hn.营养；滋养9nutrition In.根；根茎；根部；根源10root Jn.食品杂货店；pl.食品杂货答案15BCAED610GFJHI.短语匹配1devote.to A包括；包含；由组成(或构成)2be comprised of B例如；比如3deep down C相应地；转而；依次；轮流4in turn D把用于；献身；致力；专心5for instance E在内心深处；本质上；实际上答案15DAECB.默写单词第一组1tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理2boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺n. 增长；提高；激励3convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服4attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到5overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜6expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)7estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算n. 估计；估算8comprise vt. 包括；包含；由组成9devote vt. 把献(给)；把专用于；专心于10chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的n. 化学制品；化学品第二组1widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的2digest vt.& vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟3prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；阻止4essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的5alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的6entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地7depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)8instance n. 例子；实例；事例.选词填词attained, overcome, tackle, boosted, convinced, essential, digest, comprises, widespread, prohibits1I don't know how to tackle this problem.2The total was boosted to nearly 2，000 by donations from parents.3We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane.4She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.5He has enough courage to overcome the difficulty.6This music album comprises the best hits of the year.7This disease is widespread in tropical areas.8The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.9It is essential that you should come home early.10It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.语法填空之派生词1What is the depth(deep) of this lake?2This, I am sorry to say, is almost entirely(entire) wishful thinking.3He showed his poverty(poor) in his knowledge of agriculture.4Adapt your usual eating regimen to make it more nutritious(nutrition)5Any shortage(short) could push up grain prices.6What are the characteristics(character) that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?7The chairman made a few conventional(convention) remarks.8We are working on the assumption(assume) that the techniques are safe.1Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而，他自认为是个农民，因为在研究中他不停地耕种土地。2Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.袁隆平意识到，更多的耕地并不是解决问题的办法。3A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.杂交作物是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的杂交。4Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops, generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。5Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。词语助读(be) known as the “father of hybrid rice” 被称为“杂交水稻之父”consider himself a farmer自认为是个农民work the land耕种土地devote one's life to致力于；献身于(1)because引导原因状语从句。(2)to whom引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese farmers。pursue a career in science or medicine从事科学或医学方面的事业have poor harvests粮食歉收have a serious shortage of food严重缺乏食物tackle this crisis应对这一危机choose to study agriculture选择学习农业(3) what concerned him most为主语从句，that farmers.为表语从句，其中不定式短语to eat作名词food的后置定语。after graduating in 1953 在1953年毕业之后work as a researcher从事研究工作boost yields提高产量a challenging question一个具有挑战性的问题the creation of hybrid rice杂交水稻的培育conventional crops传统作物a matter of great debate一个有很大争议的问题through intense effort通过不懈的努力overcome enormous technical difficulties克服巨大的技术难题expand their output增加产量(4)that引导宾语从句。(5)they had是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fields。(6)how引导主语从句。(7)that引导宾语从句。(8)that引导表语从句。(9)whether引导主语从句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to develop a hybrid of selfpollinating plants such as rice。(10)that引导表语从句。(11) that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rice。it is estimated that.据估计be comprised of由组成depend on rice as well也依赖大米because of his invaluable contributions因为他的不可估量的贡献receive numerous awards获奖无数(12)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第一个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的名词性从句；过去分词短语generated from Yuan's hybrid strains作名词crops的后置定语。(13)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countries。make him quite wealthy使他变得相当富有a life of leisure悠闲的生活be far from the case事实远非如此deep down在内心深处care little for celebrity or money不太在乎名声和金钱make large donations to support agricultural research大量捐款以支持农业研究(14)given that.引导原因状语从句，he would retire to a life of leisure为省略了that的宾语从句。his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams他不断实现梦想的能力as tall as sorghum像高粱一样高succeed in producing a kind of rice成功培育出一种水稻become a reality成为现实open up开辟despite his advanced years尽管年事已高dream up想起；想象出(不寻常的事物)；凭空设想(15)what引导主语从句。(16)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rice。(17)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第二个分句中what he will dream up next是what引导的宾语从句。课文呈现A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEYuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China's most famous scientists.Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research(1)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he has devoted his life(2)Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat(3)To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution(4)Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had(5)How this could be done(6) was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice(7)A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops(8)However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of selfpollinating plants such as rice(9) was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then was that it could not be done(10)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming(11) in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops, generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year(12)Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well(13), such as India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure(14)However, this is far from the case.Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money.Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.What impresses people most about Yuan Longping(15) is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad(16)His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next(17)译文参考为所有人的先驱袁隆平，被称为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他自认为是个农民，因为在研究中他不停地耕种土地。事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和农民一样，而他为千千万万中国农民奉献了一生。袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，就读于重庆西南农学院。1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，更多的耕地并不是解决问题的办法。农民们需要增加他们现有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交作物是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂交植物，如水稻，这是一个有很大争议的问题。当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他的不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数的奖。考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。事实上，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。作为一个农民，他不太在乎名声和金钱。相反，他大量捐款以支持农业研究。袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想了一种像高粱一样高的水稻，每一穗米都像扫帚一样大，每一粒米都像花生一样大。他成功地培育出一种可以养活国内外更多人的水稻，他对“海水水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，充满了远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。9
