[10148810]外研版（2019）必修一~Unit 1-A new start单元核心考点归纳.doc

Unit 1单元核心考点归纳【重点词汇&短语】1impression n. 印象，感想(P1)归纳拓展(1)sb.'s first impression of . 某人对的第一印象leave/have/make a . impression on sb.给某人留下的印象(2)impress vt. 使印象深刻impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下印象impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；使某人明白某事物的重要性be impressed with/by . 对有深刻印象(3)impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的His speech made a strong impression on the audience. 他的演说给听众留下了深刻的印象。He tried to impress me with his extensive knowledge of wine.他试图以自己在葡萄酒方面的渊博知识让我印象深刻。My father impressed on me the importance of hard work. 父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。Walking around the city, we were impressed by its new look.在城市里四处走走，我们对其崭新的面貌有深刻的印象。2breathe v. 呼吸(P3)归纳拓展(1)breathe deeply 深呼吸breathe in吸气breathe out呼气(2)breath n. 呼吸；气息 out/short of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸Leather uppers allow the feet to breathe.皮质鞋面使脚得以透气。She was soon out of breath, but went on running. 她很快就气喘吁吁了，但仍继续跑。He held his breath while the results were read out. 宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。3panic n. 惊恐，惊慌v. 使恐慌(P3)归纳拓展(1)in (a) panic 惊慌地panic/about over 对的恐慌go/get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事(3)panicked (过去式/过去分词)；panicking (现在分词)Office workers fled in panic as the fire happened.起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。She got into a panic when she found her keys lost.当她发现钥匙丢了时她惊慌失措。The panic over your coming exams is meaningless.为即将到来的考试而恐慌是无意义的。The war panicked many people into escaping from their hometown.这场战争使得很多人惊慌失措地逃离家园。4challenge n. 挑战；质疑vt. 质疑；向挑战(P3)归纳拓展(1)challenge sb. to sth. 向某人提出挑战要求比试某事物(2)challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；有难度的The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。When I said I was a good swimmer, she challenged me to a race. 当我说我游泳游得好时，她向我提出挑战一决高低。He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下国际象棋。In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性。5one by one 依次地，一个接一个地(P3)归纳拓展day by day 每天，一天一天地little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地side by side 肩并肩地，并排地step by step 一步一步地，逐步地，按部就班地No matter how many problems there are, they have to be solved one by one.无论有多少问题都得一个一个解决。The patient's condition is improving day by day. 病人的情况正在一天一天地好转。Step by step he gained the child's confidence. 他一步一步地赢得了这个孩子的信任。6depend on 根据，依据；依靠；信赖；取决于，视而定(P3)归纳拓展(1)depend on sb./sth. 依赖某人/事，相信某人/事可靠depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事depend on sb. for sth. 指望/依靠某人得到某物(2)depend on it that . 相信；指望(it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句)(3)That/It (all) depends. 视情况而定。(常作为交际用语)Many young people don't want to depend on their parents.许多年轻人不想依赖父母。He is so selfish that you can't depend on him to help you.他很自私，别指望他能帮助你。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。Can you finish the work before Sunday?That depends./It (all) depends.你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？这要看情况而定。7argue v. 争论，争辩；主张；说服(P6)归纳拓展(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人辩论某事argue for sth. 为某事辩护；赞成某事argue against sth. 据理反对某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue that . 主张；认为(2)argument n. 争论；辩论It is beyond argument that . 无可争辩的是They both agreed to see a film but they argued with each other about/over which film to see. 他们俩都同意看电影但却为看哪部电影而彼此争论。We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain. 我们尝试了很多办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒然。I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.我认为我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些处在困难中的人。The students often argue for the right of freedom.学生们经常据理力争自由权利。8apply v. 申请；适用，应用于(P7)归纳拓展(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事apply to do sth. 申请做某事apply to sth./sb. 适用于/运用于apply sth. to . 把应用于；把涂抹到apply oneself to (doing) sth. 集中精力(做)某事，专注于(2)application n. 请求；申请；申请表；应用applicant n. 申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等)She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。The rules of safe driving apply to everyone, without exception. 安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人，没有例外。After graduation from university, I'll apply what I have learned to my future job.大学毕业后，我会将所学知识应用到未来工作中。In order to apply for the scholarship, I apply myself to writing the application. But I am only one of the applicants, so I don't know whether I can get it or not.为了申请奖学金，我努力写申请书。但是我只是申请人之一，所以我不知道我是否能得到它。9schedule n. 计划表，进度表，日程表vt. 为某事安排时间(P7)归纳拓展be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事on schedule 按预定时间behind schedule 落后于预定计划The prime minister is scheduled to arrive at noon. 首相定于中午到达。We were two months behind schedule, and already over budget. 我们的进度晚了两个月，而且已经超出了预算。The goods arrived on schedule.货物已如期运到。10opportunity n. 机会(P8)归纳拓展(1)an/the opportunity to do sth. 做的机会 take the opportunity to do sth. 利用机会去做某事(2)当被修饰的词为抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, ability, courage, wish等时，常用不定式作后置定语。Mother's Day is an opportunity to express thanks and send best wishes to our mothers.母亲节是一个向母亲表达感谢和祝福的机会。I took the opportunity to visit Jack while I was in Rome.我在罗马的时候利用这个机会去拜访了杰克。11graduate v. 毕业；获得学位(尤指学士)n. 毕业生，学位获得者(P9)归纳拓展(1)graduate from 从毕业graduate in 毕业于专业(2)graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼These graduates all graduated from Oxford University. 这些毕业生都毕业于牛津大学。I graduated in English and have been an English teacher for 20 years.我毕业于英语专业，当英语老师已经有二十年了。Have you kept in touch with your classmates after graduation? 你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？12frightened adj. 害怕的(P9)归纳拓展(1)fright n. 惊吓，恐怖(2)frighten vt. 使害怕，使惊吓(3)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.我一看到试卷就害怕了。The little girl was frightened at the sight of the frightening snake and shook with fright.这个小女孩一看到这条令人恐怖的蛇就感到很害怕，吓得浑身发抖。名师点津：frightening和frightened同为形容词，但用法却不相同。frightening表示“令人害怕的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”，修饰人以及人的表情、眼神、声音等。13figure n. 数字；身材；人物；人影；图表vt. (经过考虑后)认为，以为；计算；估计(P9)归纳拓展figure on 计划；打算；期待figure sth. out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白I figured the sensible thing to do was wait.我认为明智的做法是等待。He was a key figure in the independent struggle.他是那场独立斗争中的关键人物。I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.我看见黑暗中有个人影走过来。She is on a diet to keep her figure.她在节食以保持体形。It's difficult to figure out why she did it.很难理解她为什么那么做。14in particular 尤其，特别(P9)归纳拓展(1)be particular over/about 对过于讲究/挑剔(2)particularly adv. 特别，尤其We should pay attention to this problem in particular.我们应该特别注意这个问题。Don't be too particular about others.对别人不要太挑剔。We've been particularly busy these days.这些天我们特别忙。【长难句分析】1I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. 我正在看布告栏上的照片，这时我听到身后有个声音。(P2)剖析sb. was/were doing sth. when . 意为“某人正在做某事，这时”，其中when为并列连词，相当于at that time，意为“这时”，when连接的分句一般用一般过去时。归纳拓展(1)be doing sth. when . 正在做某事，这时(2)be about to do sth. when . be on the point of doing . when . 正打算做某事，这时(3)had just done . when . 刚做完这时(突然)We were having dinner when a stranger came in.我们正在吃晚饭，这时一个陌生人进来了。I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I had just taken a bite of my hot dog when I heard a familiar voice yelling at me.我刚刚咬了一口我的热狗，这时听到一个熟悉的声音冲着我叫喊。2Turning around, I saw a whitehaired man. 我转过身来，看见一位白发老人。(P2)剖析本句中Turning around是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间，与其逻辑主语也就是句子的主语I之间存在主动关系。归纳拓展(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语之间是主动关系。(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成式having done。(3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.(表时间)听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.(表原因)因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师寻求帮助。Working hard, you'll succeed.(表条件)努力工作，你就会成功的。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.(表结果)他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。They stood there for an hour, watching the game. (表伴随)他们在那儿站着看了一个小时的比赛。Having finished his homework, he was not allowed to watch TV. (表让步)虽然他已经完成了作业，但仍然不允许看电视。3How true these words were! 这些话是多么的真实啊！(P2)剖析本句是how引导的感叹句，结构为“How形容词主语系动词！”归纳拓展(1)How是副词，引导的感叹句结构为：How主语谓语！(2)What修饰名词，引导的感叹句结构为：What主语谓语！(3)感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略形式，其后面的主语和谓语往往省略。How hot the day is!What a hot day it is!多么热的天气呀！How tall the buildings are!What tall buildings they are!多么高的楼房呀！How bad the weather is!What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天气呀！4You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. 你一定有过失望的时候。(P9)剖析本句中must have had是must have done结构，表示“过去一定做过”，是对过去发生的动作的肯定推测。归纳拓展其他“情态动词have done”的用法：(1)should/ought to have done两者均含委婉的批评、责备之意。肯定式表示过去应该做某事而未做，意为“本应该做”；否定式表示做了不该做的事情，意为“本不应该做”。(2)can/could have donecan/could 用于疑问句或否定句中，表示对过去行为可能性的推测。could have done用于肯定的陈述句中，表示“本能够去做却没有做”。(3)may/might have done此结构表示对过去情况的肯定推测，但语气稍弱，意为“也许；可能”，常用于肯定句，不用于疑问句；另外might have done还可表示委婉的责备，意为“其实(本来)可以”。(4)needn't have done此结构表示一种不必要的过去行为，意为“做了本来不必做的事情”。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.我告诉萨莉怎么去那儿了，但或许我应该为她写出来。He can't have worked at the office last night, for he had to go to a party at 6：00 pm.昨晚他不可能在办公室工作，因为(昨天)晚上六点他得参加一个聚会。I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.在纽约时我住在一家旅店。哦，是吗？你本可以和巴巴拉待在一起的。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.其实你本可以更多地帮助他，尽管你很忙。There was plenty of time; she needn't have hurried.时间很充足，她本不必着急的。【语法归纳-简单句句型】1.主语系动词表语(S V P)特点：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：表示感官的动词：feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep, continue等；表示转变、变化的动词：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。I feel quite hungry. 我感觉很饿。Leaves turn yellow.树叶变黄了。2主语谓语(S V) & 主语谓语状语(S V Ad)特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语，但有时后跟状语修饰动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。The rain stopped.雨停了。The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。The old man walks in the park every morning.那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。3主语谓语宾语(S V O) & 主语谓语宾语状语(S V O Ad)特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词动词不定式、动词ing形式和从句等。We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。I don't know him.我不认识他。She plays the piano every day.她每天都弹钢琴。I don't know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。4主语谓语双宾语(S V IO DO) 特点：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。Her mother bought her a skirt.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。Mr Li told an interesting story to us.李先生给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。名师点津常跟双宾语的动词：需借助于to的动词：bring， give， lend， hand， offer， pass， promise， return， send， show， teach， tell， write等；需借助于for的动词：buy， call， cook， choose， draw， find， get， make， order， sing， save， spare等。5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(S V O OC)特点：谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们非常难过。The teacher asked us to answer the question.老师让我们回答问题。We keep the classroom clean.我们保持教室干净。名师点津用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语谓语it宾补真正宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider， think， make， find， believe， feel， guess， imagine， judge， prove， see， suppose， take等。