人教高中英语Unit 4Space Exploration 词汇学习 3 + 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学(人教版必修第三册).docx

Unit 4 Space Exploration 词汇学习 3 + 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学 (人教版必修第三册)Step 1 词汇运用检测Task 1 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in this unit according to the Chinese meaning.1. The former colonial possessions are now independent states.以前的许多殖民地现已成为独立的国家。2. Spacecraft have already traveled to other planets. 宇宙飞船已游览了别的行星。3. The spacecraft is orbiting the moon. 宇宙飞船正绕月球飞行。4. A spacewalk mission has been successfully completed. 成功完成太空漫步。5. China plans to broadcast the spacewalk on live television.中国计划对太空漫步进行实况电视转播。6. It's a collection of Chinese jade. 这是收藏的一批中国玉器。7. These wine glasses were sold at half price because of blemishes in the jade.这些酒杯半价出售，因为玉上有瑕疵。8. The ship's hull scraped along the side of the dock. 船行时船身擦着码头的边。9. The cruise ship is strikebound in the dock. 巡洋舰因罢工而停泊在码头上。10. He rowed up the canal looking for a place to dock the boat.他在运河里划船，寻找一个码头泊船。11. The ferry is expected to dock at 6. 渡船预计在6点停靠码头。12. A red lamp is often a danger signal. 红灯常常是危险的信号。13. I corrected my watch by the time signal. 我按报时信号校正我的表。14. The police signaled the traffic to move forward slowly. 警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。15. The submarine signaled for help. 潜水艇发出求救的信号。Task 2 单句语法填空1. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that/which benefit us all. 2. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced (advance) technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. 3. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development (develop) of different types of new material.4. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly (regular) use. 5. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows, and smartphone cameras are changing our lives.6. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them.7. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited. 8. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing (increase) population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.9. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.10. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 11. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide (provide) new and better solutions to peoples short-term and long-term problems.12. I hope we can see eye to eye about the other terms of the agency then.13. One thing you can't recycle is wasted (waste) time.14. The contraction (construct) of muscle is a reaction of the body.15. Her decision seems to show a lack of political (politics) judgement.Task 3 选词填空完成句子。recycle solar otherwise current so as to sufficient towel figure out float lack 1. We went to school so as to have a meeting.2. We should try to recycle all our waste paper.3. He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.4. These plants float on the surface of the water.5. Seize the chance, otherwise you'll regret it.6. The sun is the center of our solar system.7. How long will she keep her current job?8. I can't figure out why he is absent.9. The money I have saved is sufficient for buying a car.10. I dry my hands and face with the towel.Task 4 Translation. The words and expressions in the brackets may help you.1. 他在那次比赛中拉伤了肌肉。(strain; muscle)He strained his muscle in the match.2. 没有足够的水使船漂浮起来。(float)There is not enough water to float the ship.3. 通货膨胀率已经超过了8%。(inflation; beyond)The level of inflation has gone beyond 8%.4. 这种深奥的哲理我可无法理解。(philosophical subtlety; beyond ones reach)Such philosophical subtleties are beyond my reach.5. 太阳系是四十五亿年前形成的。(solar system)The solar system was formed 4.5 billion years ago.6. 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。(figure out)I can't figure out why he quit his job.7. 目前的趋势是穿着比较随便。(current; informal)The current trend is towards informal clothing.8. 我怀疑他们是否真有足够的人力。(sufficient; manpower)I doubt whether they really have sufficient manpower.9. 肥皂从我手上滑落了。(soap; slip)The soap slipped out of my hand.10. 这种植物能在地球上许多地方生长。(globe)This plant can grow in many parts of the globe.Step 2 语篇提升训练AThe year was 1999. I was 18，living with friends in a town about an hour north of Milwaukee. Desperate for adventure，we often talked about haunted (闹鬼的) locations，and even wandered around the woods near Rienzi Cemetery. So when a friend shared a story about an abandoned house just down the road from Rienzi，how could I possibly resist? The group of us jumped in the car and headed off into the wild unknown，completely unaware of the misfortune that would soon befall us.The house was isolated，overgrown and barely visible from the road. Most of its windows were broken. It seemed completely neglected except the locked door and a “NO ENTRY” sign outside. How would anyone notice，or possibly even care，if we went in and looked around?We stole inside，hoping for anything to prove the legend. Nothing valuable was found until an old letter，addressed to a Mr. J. Witherell，caught my eye.Its paper was stiff and yellowed. Excited by the physical evidence，I slipped the letter into my back pocket. I was about to exit the house when I noticed fire trucks and police cars lining up out on the road. While most of us were exploring the house，one of us managed to knock a fire detector off the ceiling，which triggered an automated alarm at the fire department.I quickly alerted the others，but there would be no escape.After a moment of panic，we decided to go outside and face the music.To avoid a theft charge，I left the letter where it was before stepping outside.The result? Not only did we all get fined for entering，we were required to pay for property damage totaling $ 1,500 eachtoo much for us to afford.For so many years，I have been wondering：Why is the deserted house so heavily protected with detectors and other security measures? Why is the property regularly maintained? What's the story behind that mysterious letter?语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和几个伙伴去一间废弃房屋探险的故事。他们其中一个人把一个火灾探测器从天花板上碰了下来，触发了自动消防警报引来警察和消防员，最后大家都受到了惩罚。1What did the shabby appearance of the house seem to remind the kids?AThey would have no trouble entering it.BTheir entry would bring them a surprise.CTheir entry would disturb the neighbors.DTheir behavior would be noticed by its owner.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“How would anyone notice，or possibly even care，if we went in and looked around？”可知，房屋的破烂外表让他们认为如果进去四处看看也没有谁会注意到，甚至没人会在意。故选A项。2Why did the author attempt to take the letter away?AIt might reveal who had been maintaining the house.BIt might help uncover the mystery of the abandoned house.CIt must have been written to disclose a tragedy.DIt was the evidence of the house being heavily protected.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We stole inside，hoping for anything to prove the legend.”和“Excited by the physical evidence，I slipped the letter into my back pocket.”可知，作者和伙伴们走进屋里，希望有东西能证明房子的秘密，直到作者发现一封信。作者认为这就是物证，因此想把它带走，希望它能够帮助揭开这所废弃房子的秘密，故选B项。B项中的uncover the mystery意为“揭露秘密”。3What led the police cars and fire trucks to arrive so quickly?AThe police officers were checking there.BThe house owner reported to the police.CThe police cars were passing by accident.DSomeone set off the fire alarm system.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他们中的一个人竟把火灾探测器从天花板上碰了下来，从而触发了自动消防警报。故选D项。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe empty house has been under strict protection.BThe author wonders why they got fined.CNo maintenance of the house is conducted regularly.DThere is much mystery about the abandoned house.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，关于那座废弃的房子，依然有很多谜团，故选D项。BLiving with your parents has its benefits at least when it comes to raising your kidstheir grandkids. Two new studies add to the evidence that grandmothers can enhance the survival of grandchildren. That is，unless the grandma's too old or lives too far away.Humans are unusual in that the females live long past the age at which they stop having babies. Patrick Bergeron，professor of biology at Bishop's University in Quebec，said that most of the organisms will reproduce up to their very last moment. This increase is often explained by the socalled “grandmother effect”. He thinks there could still be a benefit for women who stop having babies to increase their genetic footprint by helping their daughters to raise larger families.To explore the “grandmother effect”hypothesis (假设)，Bergeron and his colleagues examined nearly 200 years' worth of French­Canadian population records from the 17th and 18th centuries. “ At the time，life was tough.In some years，a third of the kids were not even making it to one year of age. ”But the researchers found that having a grandmother still alive was a definite plus. “ Families with grandmothers alive were larger by about two and the survival of these grandchildren to age 15 was much improved.”This beneficial effect was only seen when the matriarchs (女家长) lived nearby. That role is tougher to fulfill as they get older in poor health，which brings us to the second study. The researchers found that the benefits associated with having a grandmother on hand depended on her age. Once the Grandma hit 75，the grandchild survival benefit disappeared. This was almost certainly due to some form of indirect resource competition，though，rather than wickedness (邪恶) on the part of coresident grandmothers.So a healthy grandma helps make for a healthy grandchild.If “over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house” isn't too long a trip.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，有外祖母在身边是有好处的。但其好处取决于她的年龄，一旦她到了75岁，外孙的生存优势就消失了。5What's the second paragraph mainly about?ADifferences between animals and human beings.BDisadvantages of living with grandmothers.CGrandmothers' influence on the kids.DWhat's called the “grandmother effect”D考查段落大意。通读第二段可知，该段第三句“This increase is often explained by the socalled grandmother effect'”为主题句；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了什么是“外祖母效应”，故D项正确。6How does the writer describe the situation of the French­Canadian population more than three hundred years ago?ABy voicing opinions. BBy providing facts.CBy giving examples. DBy telling stories.B考查写作手法。根据第三段内容可知，作者提供了有关十七世纪和十八世纪法裔加拿大人的人口记录的研究情况那时的生活很艰难，在一些年份，三分之一的孩子甚至活不到一岁。但外祖母还健在的家庭其人口增加了两个，这些外孙活到15岁的概率也大大提高。据此可知，作者是通过陈述事实来描述法裔加拿大人的人口情况的，故B项正确。7What can we infer from the second study?ASociety should be concerned about the old women.BGrandmothers over 75 years old are unwilling to help.CSome grandmothers may occupy kids' relative resources.DSome grandmothers are getting wicked after they are old.C考查推理判断。根据第四段最后两句“Once the Grandma hit 75.on the part of coresident grandmothers”可知，外祖母一旦到了75岁，其外孙的生存优势就消失了；几乎可以肯定的是，这是由于某种形式的间接资源竞争，而不是共同居住的外祖母的恶意。据此可以推断，年龄较大的外祖母可能占用了孩子们的相关资源，从而导致外孙的生存优势消失，故C项正确。8Which of the following can be the most helpful grandmother according to the passage?AA healthy one living nearby. BA healthy one living abroad.CAn old one living in a nursing home. DA knowledgeable one living together.A考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，外祖母能提高外孙的存活率，除非外祖母年纪太大或者住得太远。又结合最后一段的内容可以推断，居住在附近的健康外祖母是最有帮助的外祖母，故A项正确。Task 2 七选五Making other people feel good feels good，and，best of all，it requires little more than a generous heart. Studies show that people feel happier when they do something kind for another person，and both recipients and good deed doers can get the benefits. It is a smart idea to create this World Kindness Day. 1 ·Learn a friend's language.Picking up a bit of a friend or coworker's first language and speaking it with them show them that you care and take an interest in their experiences. Making someone feel included and respected will give someone a greater sense of belonging，an essential component of happiness.· 2 Reaching out to someone for the first time in a long time can be an instant remedy(治疗)for whatever troubles you. It's as simple as a text，a note or a FaceTime call. Let someone know you're thinking of them，even after some time apart. Studies suggest strong bonds can improve physical health，too.·Genuinely compliment(赞美)someone.A respectful comment that comes from the heart about someone's unique hairstyle，excellent performance in a concert or their great solution to a problem at work might be all it takes to improve someone's mood. 3 ·Collect trash you see around your neighborhood.Picking up trash and recyclables off the street beautifies your community and benefits the environment. 4 The environment can't clean itself after all!·Thank people in your life.They are the security guard outside of your workplace，the supermarket worker you see every day and your mom. 5 Thank people for the things，big and small，that they do that improve your life.Gratitude is priceless.AOthers' positive words could help some people to be a bit kinder to themselves，too.BIf your friends are overweight，that will increase the odds that you'll put on weight.COpen your heart with some small，free ways to make someone's day.DWithout their help，your world might not run as efficiently.EIt might even inspire others to take up the task with you.FReconnect with a friend or family member.GHave eye contact with friends.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。让别人感觉良好我们自己也会感觉良好。本文介绍了让别人快乐的一些方法。1C根据上文中的“people feel happier when they do something kind for another person，and both recipients and good deed doers can get the benefits”和下文中讲到的具体措施可知，C项符合语境。2F本空是一个小标题。根据本段内容，尤其是“Reaching out to someone for the first time in a long time”可知，本段主要讲的是与很久不见的朋友或家人重新取得联系。另外，结合其他几个并列位置的小标题可以判断，本空也应该是一个祈使句，所以选F项。3A本空是段尾句。根据小标题可知，本段主要讲了真诚地赞美别人。再结合前一句中表述可知，本句讲的也应该是与赞美他人相关的内容，故A项符合语境。4E结合空前一句和后一句“The environment can't clean itself after all！”可知，空处应该讲的是捡垃圾的积极影响，故E项符合语境。5D结合本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是我们应该感谢生活中遇到的人，又结合语境可知，空处应该讲的是身边的人对你生活的重要性，所以D项符合语境。