人教高中英语Unit 4Space Exploration 词汇学习 2+ 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学(人教版必修第三册).docx

Unit 4 Space Exploration 词汇学习 2 + 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学 (人教版必修第三册)Step 1 词汇运用检测Task 1 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in this unit according to the Chinese meaning.1. Subway is a convenient vehicle for those white collars. 地铁对于白领阶层来说是很方便的交通工具。2. Man is the soul of the universe. 人是万物之灵。3. There was a determined look on his face. 他脸上带着一副坚决的表情。4. Chance will determine the outcome. 机缘将决定结果5. Troop movements can be observed from space by a satellite. 藉助卫星可观察到部队的调动。6. The company researched the market demand and decided to launch their new product. 这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出新产品。7. The launch was delayed by a technical hitch. 由于技术上出现临时故障而发射延期.8. We have got good media coverage for the launch of the new model. 传播媒介对我们的新型产品投放市场作了有利的报导。9. Hou Kou district fell into Japanese orbit before the outbreak of the second sino-Japan war. 虹口区在抗日战争爆发前就已落入日本人手中。10. They could not lay their fingers on the reason for the rocket's failure to orbit. 他们找不出火箭不能进入轨道的原因。11. Make one more orbit to the left again. 左转弯再盘旋一圈。12. The hero smote the giant with his sword. 英雄用剑猛劈巨人。13. That is one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind. 对于个人来说那是小小的一步,但对于整个人类来说却是一次巨大的飞越。14. Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish. 为了保护他们免受大鱼的侵袭,人们做了特制的笼子。15. I leap for joy at the good news. 我一听到这个好消息高兴得跳了起来。Task 2 单句语法填空1. China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 2. China became the third (three) country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 3. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk followed (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 4. More recently, China has sent Chang e 4 to explore (explore) the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.5. The future of space exploration remains bright. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. 6. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand (understand) how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.7. Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 8. Some people argue that we should stop wasting (wast) time and money exploring space. 9. Instead, we should feed the worlds poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. 10. However, others feel this is a shallow view which / that fails to realise how exploring space helps us.11. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 12. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. 13. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted (transmit) to scientists on Earth. 14. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful (use) recommendations and advice for farmers. 15. As a result space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earths increasing (increase) population.Task 3 选词填空完成句子。carry on agency leap desires disappointed on board ongoing mankind transmit data1. The boy took a leap from the window.2. Mankind learns its first language in early childhood.3. I got this job through an employment agency.4. Gypsies (吉普赛人) frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.5. The data should be updated once a week.6. A disappointed look came into his face.7. She desires for a breakthrough in her research.8. We'll carry on our conversation tomorrow.9. This problem may be temporary or ongoing.10. Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesman.Task 4 Translation. The words and expressions in the brackets may help you.1. 他一跃就跳过了小溪。(stream; leap)He got over the stream with a single leap.2. 耶稣的赎罪是为了人类的罪恶。(atonement; sin; mankind)Christ's atonement is for the sins of mankind.3. 请转达我向您娇妻的致意。(transmit; best regards)Please transmit my best regards to your lovely wife.4. 恐怕你对我是非常失望的。(disappointed)I'm afraid you're very disappointed with me.5. 我心中充满了回家的渴望。(desire)I am filled with the desire to go back home.6. 年轻人没有在政府部门工作的意愿。(desire)Young people have no desire to work for the government.7. 每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。(desire to.)Everyone desires to live in a world free of worries and pains.8. 经过短暂的休息，比赛继续进行。(go on)After a short break, the match went on.9. 警方的调查在持续进行中。(investigation; ongoing)The police investigation is ongoing.10. 你应该学习不要依赖父母。(be independent of .)You should learn to be independent of your parents.Step 2 语篇提升训练Task 1 阅读理解Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic，physical and behavioral differences.He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (患白化病的) girl.“I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist，I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that was my original intentionthat opened my eyes a little wider and wider.”Guidotti has created Positive Exposure，a not for profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me，but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there's somebody who，like，really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition. ”Guidotti is traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. He says his tour is not about money; it's about the message：“As I travel from community to community，I'm taking photographs and I'm empowering individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well.All is based on the philosophy of changehow you see，how you change.”语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了时尚摄影师Rick Guidotti将其镜头转向在遗传、生理和行为方面有差异的人，用镜头寻找另一种美的故事。1Why did Guidotti change his career?ABecause he couldn't earn enough money from his former career.BBecause the beauty on covers of magazines is not beautiful.CBecause he wanted to create his own company.DBecause his comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino(患白化病的)girl”可知，与一个患白化病的女孩的邂逅改变了他对美的看法，进而改变了他的职业，故选D。2What can we know about Positive Exposure?AIt brings a lot of money for Guidotti. BIt makes the public more beautiful.CIt welcomes differences in the world. DIt makes photography more popular.C考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，Positive Exposure是一个非营利组织，它利用摄影和录像来转变公众的认知并宣扬一个歌颂差异的世界，故选C。3What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in paragraph 4?AJayne was beautiful indeed.BPhotographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was.CIt was unfair that nobody discovered Jayne's beauty.DJayne's picture was more beautiful than herself.B考查推理判断。根据第四段内容可知，Jayne说她从来没有想过自己是美丽的，但Guidotti给她拍照的那天，她感觉非常开心，就好像有人是真的因为她而喜欢她，有人真正地看到了她，而不是她身上的病。由此可推知，照片使Jayne认识了真正的自己，看到了自身的美丽，故选B。4What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph?AWe should travel frequently.BCommunities have a great influence on everyone.CWe should make contributions to our community.DYour attitude to seeing the world decides your behavior.D考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容可知，你怎么看一件事，你就会作出怎样的改变。也就是说，你看待世界的态度决定了你的行为，故选D。BTelling someone they are not hired is never an easy job，but all hiring managers will face this difficult situation many times in their careers. While everyone fears denials on some level，it is important to understand that not everyone will fit in with every job. Further，there are times when the applicant quality will be so great，a decision to reject an applicant may not stand for that applicant's abilities but the overall quality of the field.There are a number of methods that can be used to get the message across that a person is not hired. In many cases，especially for those who have never been called for an interview，a simple form letter may be sufficient. In other cases，where someone may have been called for an interview，a phone call or letter could be chosen to deliver the message that they were not hired. In cases where there may be an ongoing relationship with the person not hired，it may be best to break the news in person，though this has the obvious potential of being more uncomfortable. Above all，it is best to always be honest with those who didn't get the job. Lying is never acceptable.Generally，it is not a good idea to tell someone specific reasons why they are not hired for a job. This can only lead to resentment(怨恨) and regret. However，there may be specific times when this could be a good idea. For example，if an applicant is promising and the hiring manager believes another position will be opening up that suits the applicant's skills，this could be a way to let that person know they may soon have another opportunity.In all cases，even if you feel someone has cheated to obtain an interview，never behave in a way which shows you are superior to them. This is unprofessional and reflects very poorly not only on the hiring manager，but on the organization as a whole.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为招聘主管，如何礼貌及专业地告知一位申请者被拒绝的事情。5Why are some applicants refused according to Paragraph 1?AThey are interested in other fields. BThey aren't qualified for the position.CThey are afraid of making decisions. DThey lack the courage to face failures.B考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“it is important to understand that not everyone will fit in with every job”可知，不是所有人每份工作都适合做。由此可推知，一些申请者被拒绝是因为他们不适合那个职位。6How may a notinterviewed applicant be informed of the rejection?ABy receiving a formal phone call. BBy getting a simple form letter.CBy checking a message online. DBy attending a personal meeting.B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“for those who have never been called for an interview，a simple form letter may be sufficient”可知，许多情况下，特别是对于那些从未被要求面试的人，一封套用信函就够了。7In what case will applicants be told exactly why they are not hired ?AThey regret applying for the job. BThey demand specific explanations.CThey may be capable of another post. DThey have submitted false information.C考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，如果申请人非常有潜力，而且招聘主管认为另一个职位将会适合申请人，那么就会给他们解释原因并告诉他们有别的机会。8What can be inferred about the position of hiring managers?AIt calls for professional skills. BIt attracts the applicants most.CIt doesn't allow for any mistake. DIt requires honesty and ambition.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，即使你觉得有人为了获得面试机会而作弊，也不要表现得高高在上，盛气凌人。这不仅反映招聘主管不专业，也反映了整个单位的不专业。故可推知，招聘主管应具备专业的技能。Task 2 完形填空Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 .He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 ， the number of snakes had declined as well.He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime.He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater.The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.语篇解读本文讲述了印度的莫莱从16岁时开始坚持在他家附近的一个小岛上种树，几十年如一日，最终将其变成了动植物的天堂的故事。1A. dreamBjobChome DchoiceC根据文章第一句可知， 莫莱在印度的一个小乡村长大；再结合后文他坚持种树许多年可知，他把这个村子周围的湿地当成自己的第二个家。home意为“家”，符合语境。dream意为“梦想”；job意为“工作”；choice意为“选择”。2A. nature ByouthCculture DknowledgeA根据语境可知，设空处后的there指前文所提到的wetlands，由此推断他从小在那里了解到大自然的价值和美丽。nature意为“大自然”，符合语境。youth意为“青春；朝气”；culture意为“文化”；knowledge意为“知识”。3A. precious BinterestingCdisturbing DawkwardC根据后文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year.driven away a number of birds. the number of snakes had declined.”可知，莫莱注意到他家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。disturbing意为“令人不安的”，符合语境。precious意为“宝贵的；珍贵的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；awkward意为“令人尴尬的；使人难堪的”。4A. waste BtensionCpain DdamageD本句中，it指代前文提到的“A flood”(洪水)，再结合设空处后的“had driven away a number of birds”可知，此处指洪水造成的破坏。damage意为“破坏；伤害”，符合语境。waste意为“浪费；废物”；tension意为“紧张；紧张局势”；pain意为“疼痛；痛苦”。5A. Besides BHoweverCTherefore DOtherwiseA前文提到了洪水带来的破坏之一是许多鸟儿被赶走了，设空处后谈到洪水带来的另一个破坏蛇的数量减少。besides意为“此外”，符合语境。however意为“然而”；therefore意为“因此”；otherwise意为“否则”。6A. agreed BrealizedCremembered DpredictedB根据设空处后的“it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them”可知，此处指莫莱根据所观察到的现象，意识到造成鸟被赶走和蛇的数量减少的原因。realize意为“意识到”，符合语境。agree意为“同意”；remember意为“记得；回想起”；predict意为“预言”。7A. noise BheatCdisease DdustB根据语境可知，莫莱意识到在当地鸟被赶走和蛇的数量减少的原因是没有足够的树来保护它们。根据常识可知，树可以为动物提供阴凉处，使它们免受高温。heat意为“热的环境；高温”，符合语境。noise意为“噪声”；disease意为“疾病”；dust意为“灰尘；尘埃”。8A. directions BpartnersChelp DshelterD根据语境可知，莫莱认为解决的办法就是种更多的树，使动物们在白天能找到躲避阳光的地方。shelter意为“庇护；遮蔽”，符合语境。direction意为“方向”；partner意为“合伙人”；help意为“帮助”。9A. labor BpoliceCforest DfinanceC根据设空处后的“nothing would grow there”及常识可知，莫莱想要种树，因此向某部门寻求帮助，但对方答复他那里无法生长任何东西，由此推断他求助的应是负责管理森林的部门。forest意为“森林”，符合语境。labor意为“工人；劳动”；police意为“警察”；finance意为“财政；金融”。10A.rebuilt BdiscoveredCleft DmanagedB根据语境可知，在被告知湿地上不可能生长任何东西后，莫莱并未放弃，而是继续寻找，最终在附近发现了一个荒岛，并开始在那里种树。discover意为“发现”，符合语境。rebuild意为“重建”；leave意为“离开”；manage意为“努力完成(困难的事)”。11A.Decorating BObservingCWatering DGuardingC根据设空处后的in the dry season及后文提到的莫莱收集雨水的方法可知，此处指莫莱在旱季给幼苗浇水。water意为“给浇水”，符合语境。decorate意为“装饰”；observe意为“观察到；注意到”；guard意为“保卫；看守”。12A.tough BillegalCfantastic DbeneficialA根据常识可知，