精品解析：北京市东城区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.doc

北京市东城区2019-2020学年上学期高一年级期末教学统一检测英语试卷本试卷共85分。考试时长90分钟。一、语音知识(共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分)请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。1. A. amazedB. anxiousC. donateD. major2. A. meansB. cheatC. sweatD. breathe3. A. floodB. roofC. typhoonD. noodle4. A. titleB. dialectC. survivalD. whistle5. A. narrowB. howeverC. powerD. crowd6. A. umbrellaB. studioC. uglyD. bus7. A. recogniseB. generationC. gymnasticsD. strategy8. A. creativeB. civilizationC. caseD. clue9. A. expertB. exerciseC. extraD. exist10. A. architectB. headacheC. championD. character【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C【解析】【1题详解】分析各选项音标：A. amazed /mezd/；B. anxious /æks/；C. donate /donet/；D. major /medr/，可知B选项中a的发音与其他三项不同。故选B。【2题详解】分析各选项音标：A. means /minz/；B. cheat /tit/；C. sweat /swet/；D. breathe /brið/，可知C选项中ea的发音与其他三项不同。故选C。【3题详解】分析各选项音标：A. flood /fld/；B. roof /ruf/；C. typhoon /tafun/；D. noodle /nudl/，可知A选项中oo的发音与其他三项不同。故选A。【4题详解】分析各选项音标：A. title /tatl/；B. dialect /dalekt/；C. survival /srvavl/；D. whistle /wsl/，可知D选项中i的发音与其他三项不同。故选D。5题详解】分析各选项音标：A. narrow /nær/；B. however /haevr/；C. power /par/；D. crowd /krad/，可知A选项中ow的发音与其他三项不同。故选A。【6题详解】分析各选项音标：A. umbrella /mbrel/；B. studio /stjudi/；C. ugly /li/；D. bus /bs/，可知B选项中u的发音与其他三项不同。故选B。【7题详解】分析各选项音标：A. recognise /'reknaz/；B. generation /denren/；C. gymnastics /dmnæstks/；D. strategy /strætdi/，可知A选项中g的发音与其他三项不同。故选A。【8题详解】分析各选项音标：A. creative /krietv/；B. civilization /svlazen/；C. case /kes/；D. clue /klu/，可知B选项中c的发音与其他三项不同。故选B。【9题详解】分析各选项音标：A. expert /ekspt/；B. exercise /ekssaz/；C. extra /ekstr/；D. exist /zst/，可知D选项中ex的发音与其他三项不同。故选D。【10题详解】分析各选项音标：A. architect /ktekt/；B. headache /hedek/；C. champion /tæmpin/；D. character /kærkt(r)/，可知C选项中ch的发音与其他三项不同。故选C。二、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。My Chinese speaking experienceIts one thing to study and learn a language, but its quite another when you finally get to use it.On the _11_ from Venice to Paris, a group of girls my age sat around me. I had caught enough of the conversation to know that they were speaking Chinese, but at first I didnt feel _12_starting a conversation with the stranger next to me. If it didnt _13_ well, Id be stuck next to them for the rest of the flight.As the food cart began to make its way down the aisle (过道) _14_ us, I finally found my chance. I _15_ to the girl to my left and asked, “Will you be having lunch?” in Chinese. She nodded her head, then realizing the language I had _16_, and asked me in English, “You speak Chinese?”I was a bit surprised. I _17_ again in Chinese. “A little bit but not very well.” She nodded again and then returned to her magazine, _18_ my effort to communicate with her. Perhaps I should have lied and said that I spoke better.Another time, at a dinner I sat next to a man who I knew spoke Chinese. I told him that I was learning Chinese, but _19_ only speak a little and not very well. When _20_ me use the language, he suddenly began to speak _21_ in Chinese, but all I caught was that he told me that for Chinese people, the ability to speak a little bit is actually a lot. His behaviour was the complete opposite of my earlier _22_. I felt somewhat overwhelmed (不知所措). I never quite _23_ the chance to continue or make any further efforts because the conversation returned to _24_ as other people joined the table.All in all my experience has _25_me that I still have a lot of work to do.11. A. subwayB. trainC. planeD. boat12. A. satisfiedB. luckyC. happyD. comfortable13 A. goB. fitC. feelD. do14. A. beyondB. withC. offD. towards15. A. promisedB. turnedC. ledD. referred16. A. ownedB. usedC. writtenD. advised17. A. agreedB. stressedC. triedD. delivered18. A. endingB. makingC. focusingD. increasing19. A. shouldB. mustC. needD. could20. A. lettingB. seeingC. hearingD. helping21. A. rapidlyB. extremelyC. calmlyD. seriously22. A. classB. experienceC. lectureD. attitude23. A. gotB. missedC. exchangedD. gave24. A. ChineseB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Italian25. A. requestedB. leftC. regardedD. taught【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者一次在飞机上用中文和旁边的人对话的经历，这次经历教会作者自己还要做很多努力学习中文。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在从威尼斯飞往巴黎的飞机上，一群和我同龄的女孩坐在我周围。A. subway地铁；B. train火车；C. plane飞机；D. boat船。根据后文for the rest of the flight.可知是在飞机上。故选C。【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经听够了她们的对话，知道她们在说中文，但一开始我觉得和我旁边的陌生人开始对话不舒服。A. satisfied满意的；B. lucky幸运的；C. happy快乐的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文I had caught enough of the conversation to know that they were speaking Chinese可知一开始作者觉得和旁边的人用中文对话不舒服。故选D。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不顺利的话，我就得在接下来的飞行中一直和她们在一起了。A. go运转，离开；B. fit适合；C. feel感觉；D. do做。上文作者感觉到不舒服，如果他与这些女孩相处进展不顺利的话，那么就得在接下来的飞行中一直和他们在一起了。此处为短语go well表示“进展顺利”。故选A。【14题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：当餐车开始沿着过道向我们推过来时，我终于找到了机会。A. beyond超过；B. with和；C. off离开；D. towards朝向。根据后文“Will you be having lunch?”可知餐车向作者他们所在的位置过来了。故选D。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转向左边的女孩，用中文问道:“你要吃午饭吗?”。A. promised承诺；B. turned转弯；C. led领导；D. referred参考。根据后文to the girl to my left可知作者转向（turn to）左边的女孩。故选B。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她点了点头，然后意识到我用的是什么语言，就用英语问我:“你说汉语吗?”A. owned拥有；B. used使用；C. written写；D. advised建议。根据上文asked, “Will you be having lunch?” in Chinese可知对方意识到作者使用的是中文。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我又用中文试了一次。A. agreed同意；B. stressed强调；C. tried尝试；D. delivered递送。根据后文again in Chinese.可知作者又尝试着用中文对话。故选C。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她又点了点头，然后回到她的杂志上，结束了我与她的交流。A. ending结束；B. making制作；C. focusing集中；D. increasing增加。根据上文She nodded again and then returned to her magazine可知对方继续去看杂志了，结束了与作者的对话。故选A。【19题详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我告诉他我正在学中文，但只能够说一点点，而且说得不是很好。A. should应该；B. must必须；C. need需要；D. could能够。此处指“能够”说中文应用could。故选D。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当听到我用中文的时候，他突然开始用中文说得很快，但我所听到的是，他告诉我，对于中国人来说，说一点点中文的能力实际上是很多的。A. letting让；B. seeing看见；C. hearing听见；D. helping帮助。根据后文me use the language可知对方听到（hearing）作者会说中文，故选C。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当听到我用中文的时候，他突然开始用中文说得很快，但我只听到他告诉我，对于中国人来说，说一点点中文的能力实际上是很多的。A. rapidly快速地；B. extremely极其；C. calmly冷静地；D. seriously认真地。根据后文but all I caught was that he told me that for Chinese people, the ability to speak a little bit is actually a lot.可知对方听到作者会说中文，突然开始说的很快，作者跟不上，只听到他说对于中国人来说，会说一点点的能力实际上是会说很多的。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的行为与我早先的经历完全相反，我感到有点不知所措。A. class课程；B. experience经历；C. lecture演讲；D. attitude态度。根据最后一段中my experience可知此处指作者早先的经历。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直没有机会继续说下去，也没有做任何进一步的努力，因为当其他人也加入进来时，对话又回到了英语。A. got得到；B. missed错过；C. exchanged交换；D. gave给予。根据后文the chance to continue or make any further efforts可知作者没有机会继续说下去，也没有做任何进一步的努力。短语get the chance to do sth.“有机会做某事”故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直没有机会继续说下去，也没有做任何进一步的努力，因为当其他人也加入进来时，对话又回到了英语。A. Chinese汉语；B. French法语；C. English英语；D. Italian意大利语。根据上文to continue or make any further efforts可知作者还没来得及继续说下去，其他人加入了进来，于是对话又回到了英语。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我的经历教会我，我还要做很多努力。A. requested要求；B. left离开；C. regarded把.视为；D. taught教授。根据后文I still have a lot of work to do.可知这次的经历教会作者，自己还有还要做很多努力。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。三、阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANew Zealand Cruise (游轮) & Australian Open TennisIncludes tickets to the Womens and Mens Finals at the Australian OpenNumber of days: 16 days (Leaving: 31 January 2020)This holiday serves up the perfect experience for any tennis fan with tickets to the Australian Open, hotel stays in Melbourne and Sydney and a cruise around New Zealands coastline.Discover your itinerary (日程安排)Dayl-4 Melbourne (Hotel stay & Australian Open)Melbourne is famous for its markets, where youll find everything from local produce to arts and fashion. During your stay, experience all the excitement of the Australian Open, one of the worlds most exciting sports tournaments and 2020s first Grand Slam (大满贯). With tickets to the Mens and Womens Finals, youll see the best tennis stars in the world compete for glory in game like no other.Day 5-8 Sydney (Hotel stay)Sydney is far more than the Opera House, Harbor Bridge and inviting beaches. Walk along the coastal paths, with rock pools, where you can watch surfers ride the waves.Day 9-12 At seaDay 13 Milford Sound (Scenic cruising)Youll travel through amazing natural beauty in South West New Zealand, where mountain tops are shown in mirror-smooth waters. In this important wildlife habitat, you could see a Little Blue penguin (企鹅) or two, as you travel past the breathtaking sight.Day 14 DunedinDont miss the gardens at Larnach Castle, including the Serpentine Walk, the Alice Lawn and a native plant path; a true dream for plant lovers.Day 15 TaurangaAs you sail into Taurangas scenic harbor, youll pass Mount Maunganui, a dead volcano crossed with walking paths and dotted with hot saltwater pools.Day 16 Auckland26. In which city can you buy the local produce of Australia?A. Melbourne.B. Sydney.C. Dunedin.D. Tauranga.27. When will you be able to see the dead volcano?A. On Day 8.B. On Day 13.C. On Day 14.D. On Day 15.28. The tour is mainly designed for _.A. sports starsB. tennis fansC. surfersD. climbers【答案】26. A 27. D 28. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一个包含澳网女子和男子决赛门票的新西兰邮轮旅行，介绍了其日程安排。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据Dayl-4 Melbourne (Hotel stay & Australian Open)部分中Melbourne is famous for its markets, where youll find everything from local produce to arts and fashion.可知墨尔本以其市场而闻名，在那里你可以找到从当地农产品到艺术和时尚的一切。由此可知，在墨尔本可以买到澳大利亚的当地农产品。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据Day 15 Tauranga部分中As you sail into Taurangas scenic harbor, youll pass Mount Maunganui, a dead volcano.可知当你驶进Tauranga风景优美港口时，你会经过Maunganui山，这是一座死火山由此可知，在第15天时，你可以看到死火山。故选D。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据Dayl-4 Melbourne (Hotel stay & Australian Open)部分中With tickets to the Mens and Womens Finals, youll see the best tennis stars in the world compete for glory in game like no other.可知有了男子和女子决赛的门票，你会看到世界上最优秀的网球明星在比赛中为荣誉而战。由此可推知，这次旅行主要是为网球迷设计的。故选B。【点睛】直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。如第二小题，根据Day 15 Tauranga部分中As you sail into Taurangas scenic harbor, youll pass Mount Maunganui, a dead volcano.可知当你驶进Tauranga风景优美的港口时，你会经过Maunganui山，这是一座死火山由此可知，在第15天时，你可以看到死火山。故选D。BElephant Transit HomeIn both Africa and Asia elephants are being threatened by changes in their natural habitats. People are moving into the elephants habitats and endangering their survival. In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH).Set up in 1995, the ETH aims to protect and nurture baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild. Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care. Most importantly, they are given the chance to be with other elephants and become part of a herd (象群).A day at the ETH begins early in the morning when the baby elephants are given their first feeding of milk. During the day, each baby will drink an average of 13 gallons of milk. Older elephants are fed mostly coconut leaves and other native plants. Then the elephants are allowed to walk around, eating the grass and forming a herd. The cost of caring for the baby elephants is high. The ETH spends about $125,000 each year on powdered milk for the baby elephants.At the ETH, workers try to reduce human connection with the elephants. They also try to increase bonds (联系) between the elephants. It usually takes three years for a baby elephant to be set free into its natural habitat. The elephants are sent back to the wild together with other orphans with whom they have bonded. This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other.The ETH is considered one of the best animal protection sites in the world. Not only are the elephants cared for, they are treated with respect. Most importantly, they go back to live in the wild, where they belong.29. What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Set free.B. Care for.C. Focus on.D. Relate to.30. What do we know about the ETH?A. It receives about $125,000 each year.B. It is the largest animal protection site.C. It helps to keep baby elephants safe.D. It changes elephants habitats for the better.31. The workers reduce human connection with the elephants to _.A. train them to stay away from huntersB. provide them with more living spaceC. study them better in a natural environmentD. help them make it in the wild as a herd32. Whats the purpose of the passage?A. To show the ways of wildlife protection.B. To explain the threat baby elephants face.C. To introduce an animal protection project.D. To persuade the readers to protect elephants.【答案】29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild.可知那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象需要ETH组织的保护和照顾，故划线单词意思为“照顾”。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care.可知在斯里兰卡，每年大约有30头小象需要帮助。尽可能多的小象被送到ETH。在那里，他们得到食物、住所和医疗照顾。由此可知，ETH有助于保护小象的安全。故选C。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other.可知这个项目帮助他们回到野外，作为一个群体的成员，互相交流，互相照顾。由此可知，工作人员减少了与大象之间的联系，以帮助它们作为一个群体在野外生存。故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH).可知在斯里兰卡，有一个地方不仅保护大象，而且尊重大象。它被称为大象中转之家（ETH）。结合文章主要介绍了主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一个动物保护项目。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第一小题，根据后文baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild.可知那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象需要ETH组织的保护和照顾，故划线单词意思为“照顾”。故选B。CAntiquities are ancient objects and