精品解析：北京市丰台区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.doc

2019北京丰台区高一（上）期末英语试题一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）从各题A, B, C三个选项中，选出可以填人空自处的最佳答案。The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School. Here it_1_the state competition. I waited backstage for the host to announce_2_name._3_I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous. My heart was thumping，my palms_4_，and my mouth was dry.“Calm down，”I told myself. Still，picturing an audience of teachers，parents and classmates made me want_5_totally.Mr. Patrick，_6_taught me to give speeches，reminded me，“You'll do great. You're prepared. You've come this far.”Mr. Patrick was right. I was ready_7_this，and besides，I won first place in the_8_contests. Yet，when I pictured_9_eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.“You_10_back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”1. A. wasB. isC. have been2. A. MyB. meC. mine3. A. As long asB. even thoughC. ever since4. A. will sweatB. had sweatC. were sweating5. A. disappearB. to disappearC. disappear6. A. whoB. whichC. when7. A. toB. atC. for8. A. earlyB. earlierC. earliest9. A. eitherB. bothC. all10. A. needntB. cantC. mightnt【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者代表麦迪逊中学赢得了当地演讲比赛。作者回忆当时比赛时的情景。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：这是州际比赛。根据上文The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School.可知此处指的是过去的事情，句子用一般过去时态，故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我在后台等着主持人宣布我的名字。修饰名词name用形容词性物主代词，结合句意可知答案为A。【3题详解】考查状语从句。A. As long as只要； B. even though即使； C. ever since从那时起。根据_3_I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous.可知，即使我练习很多，但是我非常紧张。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句，故选B。4题详解】考查时态。根据My heart was thumping，my palms_4_，and my mouth was dry.可知，我的心怦怦地跳，我的手心出汗，我的嘴是干燥。句子用进行时态，故选C。【5题详解】考查固定搭配。固定搭配：want to do sth.“想做某事”，故选B。【6题详解】考查定语从句。此处Mr. Patrick是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用who，故选A。【7题详解】考查固定词组。根据I was ready_7_this，and besides，I won first place in the_8_contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。固定词组：be ready for“为-做准备”，故选C。【8题详解】考查句意理解。根据I was ready_7_this，and besides，I won first place in the_8_contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。此处指以前的比赛，故选B。【9题详解】考查不定代词。A. either两者之一； B. both两个都；C. all全部，所有。根据Yet，when I pictured_9_eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.可知，然而，当我想象所有的目光在我身上等着我陷入困境，我的心逐渐平静下来。此处指“所有目光”，故选C。【10题详解】考查情态动词。A. neednt 不必； B. cant不可能； C. mightnt可能不会。根据“You_10_back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”可知，当主持人Mr.Nichols宣布我的名字，我演讲的题目，“我的英雄”时，我告诉自己“你现在不能退出,”故选B。二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A， B， C， D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Wonderful Christmas GiftAnn and her mother had lived in a small cottage. Christmas was so close，and so was her birthday.Ann wished she could get a new_11_with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift All her friends would be getting new dresses._12_Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that. She knew how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet. Maybe she could make a_13_maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.It was not just gift that_14_Ann. It was her mother. Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out.The days passed and soon it was Christmas Eve.In everyone's house，except Ann's ,a Christmas tree adorned(装饰)the living room. In the_15_there hung the baked cakes and turkey. But_16_lovely was being cooked in Ann's house. Every child went to bed eagerly waiting for the lovely gifts that he or she would _17_the next day. Ann went to bed with a_18_heart.She knew that there would be no gifts for her.Ann wished with her whole heart that at least this time she would get a gift from Santa Claus. Ann slowly drifted off to sleep. She dreamt of Santa riding in the snow on his reindeers.Ring.Ring.Ann jumped，hearing alarm.She suddenly remembered that it was Christmas morning. Without much hope she looked _19_there were any gifts for her.Wonder of wonders!There lay a beautiful packet tied with a red ribbon.Ann excitedly opened the package. It was a pretty white dress with attractive lace. She _20_the gift carefully to find out who gave it to her. Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann_21_started to read the note.“Dear Ann，This dress is given to you as a_22_ for being a good girl. Hope you continue to do good things and help your mother.Your Loving friend，Santa Claus"Ann felt that there was something familiar about this note. She looked into the note carefully. Then it_23_ her. It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. Ann was happy _24_words. She knew that she was the_25_girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.11. A. dressB. bookC. bikeD. watch12. A. SoB. ButC. AndD. Or13. A. changeB. planC. mistakeD. wish14. A. surprisedB. worriedC. pleasedD. disappointed15. A. bedroomsB. restroomsC. kitchensD. bathrooms16. A. nothingB. somethingC. anythingD. everything17. A. makeB. sendC. receiveD. buy18. A. hardB. bigC. warmD. heavy19. A. ifB. howC. whyD. when20. A. refusedB. checkedC. passedD. painted21. A. finallyB. carefullyC. graduallyD. eagerly22. A. testB. lessonC. gameD. prize23. A. struckB. hurtC. satisfiedD. encouraged24. A. inB. withoutC. overD. beyond25. A. stubbornB. hard-workingC. fortunateD. crazy.【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。安和妈妈相依为命，勉强维持生计。而在圣诞节的时候安收到一件自己梦寐以求的礼物。【11题详解】考查名词辨析。A. dress连衣裙；B. book 书；C. bike自行车；D. watch手表。根据下句中的new dresses 可知，Ann wished she could get a new_1_with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift.安希望她能得到一件有花边的新连衣裙，作为一件极好的圣诞礼物。故选A。【12题详解】考查并列连词。A. So 所以； B. But 但是； C. And和； D. Or或者。她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。【13题详解】考查名词辨析。A. change变化； B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. wish希望，愿望。根据Maybe she could make a_3_maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.可知，也许她可以希望圣诞老人会来的，虽然她知道圣诞老人是一个虚构的人物。make a wish“有一个愿望”。故选D。【14题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. surprised感到吃惊；B. worried 担忧；C. pleased感到高兴；D. disappointed感到失望。根据Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out. 可知妈妈加班非常疲惫，安担心的不只是礼物。她担心的是她妈妈。故选B。【15题详解】考查名词辨析。A. bedrooms卧室； B. restrooms 洗手间； C. kitchens 厨房；D. bathrooms浴室。根据there hung the baked cakes and turkey.可知，厨房里挂着烤好的蛋糕和火鸡。故选C。【16题详解】考查不定代词辨析。A. nothing什么也没有； B. something某事；C. anything 任何事情；D. everything每件事情。根据上文how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet.可知，安和母亲过着清贫的生活，买不起好吃的和新衣服，安的房子里没有什么好吃的。此处but表示与上句对比，故选A。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。A. make制造； B. send发送；C. receive 收到； D. buy买。 此处指每个孩子都急切地上床睡觉，等待着第二天收到可爱的礼物。故选C。【18题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. hard努力的；B. big大的；C. warm温暖的；D. heavy沉重的。根据She knew that there would be no gifts for her.可知，安心情沉重地上床睡觉。她知道不会有礼物送给她。故选D。【19题详解】考查宾语从句。A. if 是否； B. how 如何； C. why 为什么； D. when什么时候。根据Without much hope she looked_9_there were any gifts for her.可知，她不抱多大希望地看了看是否有什么礼物送给她。此处是if引导的宾语从句，故选A。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。A. refused拒绝； B. checked 核对；C. passed 经过； D. painted油漆。她仔细检查了礼物，想知道是谁送给她的。故选B。【21题详解】考查副词辨析。A. finally最后； B. carefully仔细地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. eagerly热切地。根据Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann_11_started to read the note.可知，突然，一张小纸片从里面掉了出来。安急切地开始看那张便条。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。A. test测试； B. lesson功课；C. game游戏； D. prize奖品。根据纸条上的内容可知，这条裙子是给安作为一个好女孩的奖品。希望她继续做善事，帮助母亲。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。A. struck打击；B. hurt 使受伤；C. satisfied使满意； D. encouraged鼓励。她仔细地看了看那张便条。然后她突然想到了是谁送的礼物。故选A。【24题详解】考查介词。根据It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. 可知，是她妈妈为了攒钱加班买了这件昂贵的礼物。安高兴得说不出话来。超出了语言表达，故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. stubborn顽强的； B. hard-working勤劳的；C. fortunate幸运的； D. crazy疯狂的。根据She knew that she was the_15_girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.可知，她知道她是一个幸运的女孩，因为她有这样一位了不起的母亲，这是一个了不起的圣诞礼物。故选C。【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第2小题，根据_2_Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that.可知，她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈要。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）AHelp Hermit CrabsHermit crabs are nature's recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs，the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌).Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾);it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years，however，many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was.This has caused chemical changes to sea water.Some sea animals，like snails，are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品).This is another problem.Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs!They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong-at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells.The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry，but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe.Too small would be uncomfortable，and the crab would not want to move in.The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.26. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?A. In different old seashells.B. Behind the waste they'll eat.C. In their own thin outer shells.D. Under the stones at the seashore.27. According to the passage，what should be put in the webs?A. The methods to recycle the wastes.B. The ways to help the hermit crabs.C. The materials of seashells.D. The designs of websites.28. What does the underlined word“fake" in Para. 3 mean?A. man-madeB. perfectC. hardD. comfortable29. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Project Shelter Group.B. The shortage of the seashell.C. New homes for hermit crabs.D. The recyclers of the nature.【答案】26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是寄居蟹生存的贝壳越来越少是现状及人类努力为它们建的新家。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells.可知，寄居蟹在不同的古老贝壳中安身。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。文章结构是先提出问题寄居蟹的家园日益减少；然后分析原因；下面就应该是想办法解决问题。根据第三段中Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong-at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.可知，“帮助寄居蟹的方法”应该被放在框架里。故选B。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.“例如,一个叫做Project Shelter组织邀请访问过他们网站的人们为隐士蟹壳创建不同的设计。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.“有些人甚至制作假贝壳，希望寄居蟹会喜欢。”“fake”的意思是“假的，人造的”。故选A。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。BBenito Juarez，a poor Indian boy，was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818.Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca，high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people，Benito didn't know what they were saying.First，Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman，Serer Maza. Soon，he went to work for Antonio Salanueva ,a church(教会)librarian.Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper.Antonio loved to teach.Benito soon became his student as well as his servant.With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.At that time in Mexico，many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn.Antonio knew that was not true.Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(传教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact，churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico，however，the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.Benito was a good and bright student，so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821，when Benito was fifteen，Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.Benito became a student at the college.His studies were difficult，and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there.He succeeded in spite of these challenges.Later，as the laws changed，Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French，who tried to rule Mexico，and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.30. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca，he_.A. lost touch with his familyB. got the language problemC. studied in a church libraryD. lived in the mountain31. According to the passage，Antonio was a_.A. good teacherB. rich gentlemanC. strict housekeeperD. helpful villager32. In Mexico，