【课件】Unit+3Discovering+Useful+Structures+ing作主语课件-人教版选择性必修第一册.pptx
The The-ing form-ing form used as used as subjectsubjectDiscovering Useful StructuresUnit Unit Unit Unit 3 3 3 3 Fascinating Parks Fascinating Parks Fascinating Parks Fascinating Parks Haveyoueverseenthesesigns?theingformGet to know more about-ing form 动名词动名词现在分词现在分词V-ing形式形式Identify the function of the-ingFormThe-ingFormastheExamplesItwasgreatfunenjoyingtherelaxingtime!IjustcanttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmastreeseverywhere.Youlookamazingtoday.Themostimportantthingisgettingthereintime.Sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Youhavekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.predicative（表语）（表语）attributive（定语）（定语）objectcomplement（宾补）（宾补）adverbial（状语）（状语）subject(主语）主语）1.Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.(Para.1)2.Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7:30a.m.(Para.1)3.Spreadingoutbeforeme,branchesoftheRapaRiverflowthroughthewalleybelow.(Para.1)subjectadverbialadverbialWhat is the function of the V-ing form in each sentence?Identify the function of the-ingForm(P26 P27)4.Around9,000yearsago,thisicemelted,leavingbehindabout100glaciers.(Para.2)5.FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.(Para.2)6.Gettinghereisquitedifficult,soapartfromtheSamiveryfewpeoplehaveeverseenSarek.(Para.2)adverbialpredicativesubjectIdentify the function of the-ingForm(P26 P27)7.Forhundredsofyears,lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.(Para.3)8.Buteveryspring,asmallnumberofSamistillfollowtheirreindeerintothevalleysofSarek,livingintentsoroldcottagesandenjoyingtheirtraditions.(Para.3)subjectadverbialsIdentify the function of the-ingForm(P26 P27)9.Forexample,thismorningmybreakfastisflatbreadwarmedoverafire,driedreindeermeat,andsomesweetandsourberriesthatIfoundgrowingnearmytent.(Para.3)10.Beinginsuchabeautifulandwildplacemakesmefeelblessedtobealive.(Para.4)complementsubjectIdentify the function of the-ingForm(P26 P27)11.HereIam,aloneunderthisbroadsky,breathingthefreshair,andenjoyingthisgreatadventure.(Para.4)12.Standingattheedgeofthemountain,watchingtheRapaRiverflowthroughthevalleybelow,Ifeelsoblessedtobealiveandhavethisrareopportunitytoexplorethisuniqueterritory,whichisalmostunknowntotheoutsideworld.(P27 Ex.5)adverbialsadverbialsIdentify the function of the-ingForm(P26 P27)The-ingformasthesubject动词-ing形式作主语v-ingv-ing作主语的意义作主语的意义Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.Wasting a persons time is the same as killing him for his property.-ing形式作形式作主语主语，相当于一个，相当于一个名词名词,多指多指抽象抽象、概念性概念性的动作，的动作，经常性经常性或或习惯性习惯性行为。行为。动词-ing作主语的几种形式：动词-ing形式作主语时,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语动词使用_形式。但是意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时,谓语动词要用_形式。单数单数复数复数Talkingiseasierthandoing.Readingaloudisagoodwayinlearningalanguage.ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilmsaregoodwaystolearnEnglish.1.-ing形式直接放在句首，表示抽象的、经常的以及习惯性的动作或状态。It is no good/use doing.做做.是没用的。是没用的。It is no fun doing 做做.没有乐趣。没有乐趣。It is a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间是浪费时间It is worth/worthwhile doing 做做.是值得的。是值得的。此类句式常见的有:2.有时为了句子平衡，避免头重脚轻,用it在句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动词-ing短语)后置。注意：此类句型只限于以上某些形容词或少数名词,如:worth,worthwhile,awasteoftime,nouse/good/fun等。Itisworthreadingsuchawonderfulnovel.这么好的书很值得一读。这么好的书很值得一读。Itsnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不行动只抱怨是没有用的。不行动只抱怨是没有用的。注注意意：动动名名词词作作主主语语用用it充充当当形形式式主主语语的的情情况况很很少少，上上表表中中是是最最常常见见的的句式结构。句式结构。不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用it充当形式主语，如：充当形式主语，如：Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.学好一门外语不容易。学好一门外语不容易。Itsdifficultforustofinishtheworkinaweek.对我们来说，一周之内完成这项工作很困难。对我们来说，一周之内完成这项工作很困难。1.Beingaddictedtosmartphonesisawasteoftime.2.Arguingaboutsuchthingsisnogood.3.Takingpartinthisactivityisworthwhile.Itsawasteoftimebeingaddictedtosmartphones.Itsnogoodarguingaboutsuchthings.Itsworthwhiletakingpartinthisactivity.同义句转换同义句转换Thereisnodoingsth.Thereisnodoingsth.Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.该句型一般指不可能或不被允许。Thereisnodenyingthatactionsspeaklouderthanwords.Pleasebequiet.Theresnotalkingduringtheperformance!3.“Thereis+no”后可用-ing形式作主语，表示“没法;不允许”。没法预料没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生这样的事什么时候会再发生。不可否认不可否认，事实胜于雄辩。，事实胜于雄辩。eg.请安静。看演出时请安静。看演出时不允许讲话不允许讲话。动词动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语形式的复合结构作主语时有两种形式时有两种形式:1.形容词性+动词-ing形式;2.+动词-ing形式。4.动词-ing的复合结构作主语物主代词名词所有格1.Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemalldisappointed.2.Katesleavingmadeeveryonesad.【练一练】【练一练】(1)_madehisteacherveryangry.他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。(2)isagreathelptohisfamily.麦克回来工作对他全家来说都是一大帮助。HisbeinglateagainMikesreturningtoworkDeliveringnewspapersishisjob.送报纸是他的工作。Todelivernewspapersishisjobtoday.送报纸是他今天的工作。动词动词-ing 形式形式作主语表示作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作的动作,不定式不定式作主语表示作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。的动作。动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别动词-ing形式的时态和语态完成句子完成句子琳达已经被我的狗咬了，所以她拒绝再和我玩。琳达已经被我的狗咬了，所以她拒绝再和我玩。_bymydogmadeLindareufsetoplaywithmeagain.有时候被惩罚是一件好事。有时候被惩罚是一件好事。Sometimes_maybeagoodthing.beingpunishedHavingbeenbitten1._(bite)bysnakescanbevitaltopeople.2._(see)differentfamilieshavingfuntogetherinnatureinspringisacommonthing.3._(invite)totheeveningpartyisagreathonorforme.4._(tell)thatyouwoulddancetothepopsong,LittleApple,mademeexcited.BeingbittenSeeingBeinginvitedBeingtold【练一练】【练一练】动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和-ing形式之间。Notknowinghowtouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.Nothavingdonehishomeworkmakestheteacherangry.Yourschoolmatesnotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.(1)_(没买那条贵裙子没买那条贵裙子)causesthecoupletoquarrel.(2)_(未能通过考试未能通过考试)madehimdisturbed.NotbuyingtheexpensivedressNotpassingtheexam【练一练】【练一练】动词-ing形式作主语表示经常性或习惯性的动作且常放句首形容词性物主代词+动词-ing名词所有格+动词-ing动词-ing作主语动词-ing的复合结构ItsawastetimedoingsthItsnouse/nogood/nofundoingsthItsworthdoingsthit作形式主语动词原形+-ing基本构成基本用法动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别Summary小结小结：1.动词-ing形式和不定式都可以用作_。动词-ing形式往往表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,而不定式常表示某次具体的行为。2.如果作主语的动词表示被动意义,那么使用_作主语。3.动词-ing的否定形式是在其前面直接加上_,带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和-ing形式之间。主语beingdonenot时态时态 /语态语态主动主动语态语态被动语态被动语态复合结复合结构构否定式否定式V-ing一般式一般式doingbeingdonesb/sbsdoingsb/sbsnotdoingsb/sbsnothavingdone完成式完成式havingdone havingbeendone_(run)isnotonlybeneficialtoourhealthbutalsofriendlytotheenvironment._(invite)tothepartyisagreathonourforthewholefamily.Not_(finish)thetaskontimemadehimunhappy._(criticize)beforethewholeclassmademefeelembarrassed._(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGamesmadeherfamousovernight.Itisawasteoftime_(play)videogames.Itisbadmanners_(talk)loudlyinpublicplaces.RunningBeinginvitedfinishingBeingcriticizedHavingwonplayingtotalkPracticeRewrite each of the following sentences using the-ing form as the subject.EXAMPLEItischallengingyetreallyfascinatingtohikethroughthemountainsinthepathlessSarek.Hiking through the mountains in the pathless Sarekischallengingyetreallyfascinating.P29 Ex.21.Itisbothchallengingandrewardingtostudyabroad.Studyingabroadisbothchallengingandrewarding.GoingonahikingtourinSarekinwinterwouldhardlybepossibleduetotheextremecold.2.ItwouldhardlybepossibletogoonahikingtourinSarekinwinterduetotheextremecold.3.Honestly,itcanbebothexcitingandterrifyingtoexploreavastunknownland.Honestly,exploringavastunknownlandcanbebothexcitingandterrifying.P29 Ex.24.Itisgoodtoadoptapositiveattitude,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.Adoptingapositiveattitude isgood,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.5.Itisstronglyadvisedtohirelocalguides,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Hiringlocalguidesisstronglyadvised,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Discuss:How does the sentence focus change?Theuseof-ing formsassubjectputstheactionfirst,makingthesentencesseemmoredynamic.用用it作形式主语前置时作形式主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于侧重于表语表语部分部分，强调强调行为的行为的特征特征、状态状态或或给人的感受给人的感受。动词动词-ing形式作主语前置时形式作主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于侧重于主语主语部分部分，强调强调行为本身的行为本身的具体内容，具体内容，使句子更加生动。使句子更加生动。P29 Ex.2Fill in each blank using the-ing form of a verb from the box and state its function.One word will be used twice.Xixi National Wetland Park,_ 10 square kilometres in western Hangzhou,is the first national wetland park in China._ city life,nature,and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents.At Xixi,_ a boat tour,_ along paths,and _ local customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top of the list of peoples favourite activities.With trees,bushes,and colourful flowers _ along the riversides,the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons.In order to better develop as well as preserve this place,_ human impact on Xixi Wetland was considered by the park designers.All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way to fit into the natural environment.This green,watery world is home to many birds and fishes.With trees _ in the shallows,the wetland is a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen,which makes it the“green lungs of Hangzhou”.P29 Ex.3combine cover grow take limit walk experiencecoveringCombiningtakingwalkingexperiencinggrowinglimitinggrowingattributesubjectsubjectsubjectsubjectO-CsubjectO-CActivity 11.Skiing 2.Crying 3.Learning 4.finishing 5.Getting 6.TalkingP76Using structureActivity 21.E 2.A 3.F 4.D 5.B 6.CActivity 3fascinating;looking for totally different experiences;Realising;moving around;appreciating;Booking transportation and hotels online;Figuring out how to take pictures;planning;hiring a local tour guidePractice makes perfect1.Marys_(come)lateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.2.Itisworth_(make)anappointmentbeforeyougo.3.Beingabletohaveaccesstodigitalpayment_(be)suchaconvenienceforusinthemodernage.4.Thenewsofhis_(elect)ingmakingisnotbeingelected完成句子Thank you!Thank you!1huntforfood2duetotheextremecold3exploreavastunknownland4itisstronglyadvisedtodosth5offeraccurateknowledgeof.6combine.and.7limithumanimpacton8fitinto由于极度严寒由于极度严寒探索一片广阔的未知之地探索一片广阔的未知之地强烈建议做某事强烈建议做某事提供精确的提供精确的知识知识把把和和结合结合限制人类对限制人类对的影响的影响适应适应Important phrases(P28 P29)猎食猎食
