初中语法梳理1.专题一 名词.pptx
专题一名词（）1.My father bought two_this morning,but I prefer to eat some.A.fishes;chickensB.fish;chickenC.fish;chickens（）2.What a good_youve given me!Thanks a lot.A.AdviceB.newsC.suggestion（）3.mother cant go to the parents meeting because she is too busy.A.Jacks and PaulsB.Jacks and PaulC.Jack and Pauls BCC【考点自测】（）4.(2019山西)To keep our city beautiful,the_are always very busy in the streets.We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere.A.PolicemenB.cleanersC.drivers（）5.(2019江西改编)My daughter helps me cook,but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the.A.KitchenB.classroomC.lab BA01考点导航考点一 名词复数的构成如下表：可数名词及其复数形式类别变化规则示例巧记口诀规则变化一般直接在后面加smapmapsbookbooksappleapplesbananabananas以x，s，sh，ch结尾的词后加esboxboxesglassglasseswatchwatcheswishwishes类别变化规则示例巧记口诀规则变化以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加esbabybabiesfamilyfamiliesdutydutiescomedycomedies以元音字母o结尾的词加es的词zoozoosradioradiospianopianosphotophotos超级黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）土豆（potato），真有意思（es）。加s的词规则变化以f或fe结尾的词将f或fe变为v再加esknifekniveswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesleafleavesyourselfyourselves妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌；躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。直接在f后加sscarfscarfs不规则变化oo变成ee toothteethfootfeetgoose（鹅）geese man变men womanwomenFrenchmanFrenchmenpolicemanpolicemen词尾加-（r）enchildchildren不规则变化单复数同形fishfishsheepsheepdeer（鹿）deer ChineseChinese其他特殊变化mousemice注意：1.有些名词本身即是复数形式，不用作单数，如people，pants，shoes，glasses，gloves，clothes，socks，scissors等。2.单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有team（团队;队员），class（班;同学），family（家;家庭成员）等。3.有些名词以s结尾，但并不是复数形式，如news，maths，physics等。考点二 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化,这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。常见的不可数名词如下表：不可数名词类别示例液体类water，milk，juice，orange，coffee，tea，coke，ink，rain，wine食物类meat，fish，chicken，beef，pork，mutton，rice，salt，sugar，porridge，bread语言类Chinese，Japanese，English，French，German，Russian类别示例材料类metal，paper，glass，grass，bamboo，cotton，silk，wool，wood，hair，plastic其他类snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework，teamwork，help，information，rubbish（waste），light，medicine，advice不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of paper一张纸a drop of water一滴水two cups of tea两杯茶a pair of shoes一双鞋子有的名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。如：词汇可数不可数fish鱼的种类鱼肉paper试卷、论文、报纸纸work作品工作glass眼镜玻璃orange橙子橙汁词汇可数不可数light灯光time次数时间wood树林木头room房间空间、余地sand沙滩沙子experience经历经验考点三 名词所有格的构成名词所有格类别构成方法示例有生命的名词（人或动物）在词尾加s Jordons carmy fathers friends以s结尾的复数名词只加 the students booksTeachers Day不以s结尾的复数名词加s Childrens Daythe mens shoes无生命的名词一般用of结构a picture of Jacka map of China注意:“s”一般是表示有生命的东西的名词所有关系，但是某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后也可以用s来表示所有关系。如：一分钟路程 one minutes walk两英里的距离 two miles distance名词所有格的特殊用法1.表示一件东西为两人或以上共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加“s”，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加“s”，后面所跟名词用复数。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucys room莉莉和露西各自的房间 Lilys and Lucys rooms2.表示“某人家”、“店铺”、“诊所”等处所。如：路过鲍勃叔叔的家 pass by Uncle Bobs在医生的诊所at the doctors3.双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一个朋友 a friend of my fathers我的一本书 a book of mineone of my books1.当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。如：an apple treethree apple treesa girl friendtwo girl friends 2.若由man或woman作定语修饰名词时，与它们所修饰的名词单复数形式保持一致。如：a man doctorfive men doctorsa woman teacherfour women teachers 3.“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词时，中间的名词只用单数。如：a five-year-old girla 100-meter race考点四 名词作定语02满分挑战（）1.(2019福建)What should we do for the camping trip?Wed better make a_of things like foods,drinks,medicine and so on.A.ListB.cardC.report（）2.(2019青岛改编)Lucy,how about going to the _?Sounds great!Reading books can give us much pleasure.A.LibraryB.cinemaC.museum（）3.My dear,you have made_in your English this term.Well done!Thank you,Mum.I will keep on working hard.A.a progressB.progressC.progressesAAB（）4.National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV.It means a growing_in traditional culture among Chinas youth.A.InterestB.habitC.dream（）5.Alice,which season do you like best?Autumn.The fallen _are like a thick blanket on the ground.What beautiful scenery it is!A.LeafB.leafsC.leavesAC（）6.How many _ doctors are there in your hospital,David?_them_over one hundred.A.woman;The number of;is B.women;A number of;areC.women;The number of;is（）7.How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?Its about two_ride by high speed train.A.HourB.hoursC.hoursCB（）8.Excuse me!Is this _ new house?Yes,its _.The parents of them bought it last September.A.Lucy and Lilys;theirsB.Lucys and Lilys;themC.Lucys and Lilys;theirsA（）9.Many foreigners came to our school last week,including three _ and four_.A.German;AmericanB.Germans;AmericanC.Germans;Americans（）10.Theres little_left at home.Go and buy some,dear.A.CarrotsB.potatoesC.riceCC请完成练测本P58习题
