初中英语被动语态(精讲+精练).docx

被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被 动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种 特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等被动 词来表示被动意义一、语态结构比较吾态 时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时amisare do/does(V.V.s)amisare+done(V. p.p)一般将来时willbe going tobe(about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V. p.p)一般过去时(T)waswere did(V.-ed)waswere+done(V. p.p)现在进行时amisare+doing(V.-ing)amisare+being+done(V. p.p)过去进行时waswere+doing(V.-ing)waswere+being+done(V.p.p)现在完成时havehas+done(V. p.p.)havehas+been4-done(V. p.p)过去完成时had+done(V. p.p.)had+been+done(V. p.p.)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.)过去将来时would/should +V.would/should be +done(V. p.p.)二、变被动句步骤1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。主动语态变为被动语态例句:一般现在时： 一般过去时： by him.一般将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： them .现在完成时： 过去完成时：主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us.主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children主:Everyone will know the truth soon . 被:The truth will be known by everyone.主:Mary is making a doll. 被:A doll is being made by Mary.主：They were carrying the hurt player. 被：The hurt player was being carried by主:He has received the letter. 被:The letter has been received by him.主:They had built ten bridges. 被:Ten bridges had been built by them.三、一般用法1 .二般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2 . 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were +及物动词的过去分词The new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3 .现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4 .一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5 .含有情态刎的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6 .现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. fMy bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there, fTrees are being planted over there by them.7不定式的被动语态:to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.四、特殊用法1 .不及物动词无被动语态。如：happen, break down, come outWhat will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2 .有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：write, sell, rideThis pen writes well.This new book sells well.3 .感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时,须加上例：make somebody do something-somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something->somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. fMy wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work. ->The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4 .如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由 与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book, b book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.卜ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike, fA new bike was bought for me by my father.5 . 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应看作一个整体而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can' t laugh at him. ->He can' t be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day. fThe radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. f The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 五、带双宾语在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直 接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上企逅Lfor/to, etc. o即：S+V+IO+0>IO+ be done +DO-D(K be done + prep. +101. g. 1) My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.fl was given a gift on my birthday.fA gift was given to me on my birthday.1. We often hear him play guitar.fHe is often heard to play guitar.f It is often heard from him to play guitar.六、新兴形式Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：The man got hurt on his way home.那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。How did the glass get broken?杯 子怎么破了 ？Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式；相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的 被动语态那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语;但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的 语言现象。七、特别提醒有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。We heard him sing in his room just now.He was heard to sing in his room just now.need doing something 也表示被动被动语态专项练习 一、将下列句子变为被动语态。1. He often helps his brother.2. People all over the world know the Great Wall.3. They founded that hospital in 1996.4. He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.5. He asked me to work on the farm with him.6. My father is mending my bike.7. The writer has written many stories for that magazine.8. We5re going to hold a meeting this afternoon.9. His mother had told him not to waste time on fishing.10. They should do it at once.二、单选()1 The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found()2 English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( )4 This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( )5 New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( )6 Our room must clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. A. it sold B. it's selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold()8A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building()9 The key on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( )10 Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ( )11 His new book next month.A.will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published ( )12 Japanese in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking()13 These papers yet.A.have not writtenB. have not been writtenC. has not writtenD. has not been written( )14 The sports meet be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn*t( )15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?()16 the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are()17 these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do()18 Why to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting holdB. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meetingD. a meeting wasn,t held()19 Who was the book?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by()20 Where these boxesA. was B. were C. is D. am()21 The flowers often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water()22 The books may for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow()23 The broken bike here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended()24 The old bridge in my hometown next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( )25 The playat the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown()26 The old stone bridge next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27Now these magazines in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept()28The pot for hot water.A.used; keepingB. was used; keepingC. is used; to keepD. are used; keep()29Tea in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )30 The bridges two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was builtKey:15 BDDDC 610 BCBBC 11-15AABBA 16-20BABDB 21-25BADAA 26-30ADBBC