16 历史故事-2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读.docx

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读.历史故事题型主要内容1阅读理解讲述了电影阿波罗13号背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事。2阅读理解讲述了达尔文的两本笔记本在剑桥大学图书馆被盗，在失踪20年后又再现图书馆 的故事。3阅读理解讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的努力，他们的努力提高了公 众保护历史建筑的意识。4阅读理解讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词的由来。5阅读理解介绍了人们对富兰克林由著名的雨天放风的实验而发现了电的存在所提出的质疑。6语法填空讲述了成语“程门立雪”背后的故事。01（2022湖南师大附中高三阶段练习）200,000 miles from Earth, the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronaut's worst nightmare: an explosion on the spacecraft. If s what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13, but it's also a true story.The lift-off of Apollo 13 took place on 11th April 1970. Two days into the mission, the three-man crew were in big trouble. They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang. Warning lights were starting to flash. Looking out into space, they could see a trail of gas the spacecraft was leaking oxygen. They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth: "Houston, we've had a problem here/9 At first, they thought that a meteor （流星）had hit them, but they later found out that a short circuit had caused an oxygen container to explode. Whatever the cause, they knew there was no time to lose. Their electricity supply in the command module （指令舱）depended on that oxygen and pretty soon they would run out of both.The only solution was to move into the lunar module - the section of the spacecraft that would have landed on the Moon. Now though, they were using it as a kind of lifeboat. With its own power supply, oxygen and water, the three men could survive in the lunar module and return to Earth. There was another problem though. In an enclosed space like a lunar module, the carbon dioxide the crew was breathing out was dangerous. The equipment to clear the air of carbon dioxide was only built for two people. Now it had to deal with three. Amazingly, the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.There was one final hindrance. The lunar module wasn't strong enough to re-enter Earth's atmosphereC项。9 . A 10. D 11. D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的努力，他 们的努力提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识。10 细节理解题。根据第二段中"Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.,，（客栈很脏、食物往往会被污染，而且总会有叛军、士兵和 强盗的威胁）可知，在20世纪30年代探索中国偏远地区时，不仅食宿很糟糕，而且个人安全没有 保障。因此梁思成和林徽因在通往古建筑的路上面对的困难和风险是食宿条件和个人安全性差。故 选A项。11 .推理判断题。根据第一段中“The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.”（夫妻团队是最早在中国开展活动的保护主义者 之一，也是迄今为止最有名的。他们的努力已经激励了一代又一代的人们为建筑发声，这些建筑受 到了急速发展的威胁。）可知，梁思成和林徽因的努力促进了人们对历史建筑保护的意识，让他们为 受到开发威胁的建筑发声。由此可推测出，梁思成和林徽因在历史建筑上的所作所为，提高了公众 保护历史建筑的意识。故选D项。12 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了梁思成和林徽因夫妇为保护中国古建筑而做出的 努力，他们的努力提高了公众保护历史建筑的意识，正是他们的责任促进了中国文物保护运动的发 展。尤其是第一段中“Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.”（他们的努力已经激励了一代又一代的人们为建筑发声， 这些建筑受到了急速发展的威胁。）可知，该文的主旨是讲述梁思成和林徽因夫妇所经历的困难，为 人们树立起保护历史建筑物的责任感，而不是单纯地歌颂他们的成就。因此D项最适合作为最佳标 题。故选D项。13 . B 13. B 14. C 15. B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词的由来。罗斯福总统应邀参加了密西西 比州斯梅德斯镇附近的一场猎熊活动。当总统最初证明这次狩猎失败时，向导霍尔特科利尔决定寻 找一个合适的猎物。而当罗斯福看到那只被狗咬得很重的受伤的熊的情况，要求把它从痛苦中释放 出来。受到这个故事的启发，漫画家克利佛制作了一幅关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画，同时，受 这幅漫画的启发，米奇顿夫人制作了两只毛绒熊在他们的店里出售，并申请其名为泰迪熊。12 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“He had been shocked and disappointed by this unfamiliar method ofhunting（他对这种陌生的狩猎方式感到震惊和失望）”可知I,罗斯福对这种狩猎方式放到震惊和失望， 由此可推知，对这样的狩猎，他是无法接受的。故选B项。13 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾句内容“Seeing the condition of the injured bear, which had been badly bitten by the dogs, Roosevelt asked that it be put out of its misery.（罗斯福看到那只被狗咬得很重的 受伤熊的情况，要求把它从痛苦中救出来。广可知，在看到这只熊已经遭受了很重的伤，罗斯福要求 将它释放。由此可推知，这只熊最终有可能会被释放。故选B项。14 .推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Among those inspired by the story was Washington Post political cartoonist Clifford Berryman, who produced a wildly popular cartoon of the incident. New York City storeowners Morris and Rose Michtom were further inspired by the cartoon, and Mrs. Michtom produced two stuffed bears for sale in their shop. The Michtom family even claimed to have written to Roosevelt and received permission to attach his name to the toy.（华盛顿邮报政治漫画家克利佛贝里曼也受到了这 个故事的启发，他制作了一幅关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画。纽约市的店主莫里斯和罗斯米奇顿 进一步受到了这幅漫画的启发，米奇顿夫人制作了两只毛绒熊在他们的店里出售。米奇顿一家甚至 声称已写信给罗斯福，并获准将他的名字附在玩具上。广可知，由于罗斯福对待熊的善良态度，漫画 家制作了关于这一事件的广受欢迎的漫画，而且也出现了以他的名字命名的泰迪熊，由此可推知， 人们高度评价罗斯福对待动物的态度。故选C项。15 .主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章末尾句内容“叮eddy's bear，swiftly became a hit, and later an enduring pop-culture symbol that has long outlasted its inspiration and namesake.（“泰迪熊迅速走 红，后来成为经久不衰的流行文化象征，比它的灵感和同名更持久。户点明文章的主旨，可知，文章 通过讲述罗斯福狩猎时救助了一只已经被猎狗咬伤的拴在树上的熊的故事，讲述了“泰迪熊”这一词 汇的由来。因此，选项B“History of the Teddy Bear（泰迪熊的历史）”适合做文章的标题。故选B项。16 . A 17. D 18. C 19. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对富兰克林由著名的雨天放风的实验而发现了电的存在 所提出的质疑。16 .细节理解题。由第三段中的“Actually, by creating a lightning rod （避雷针）,Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning.（实际上，通过制造避雷针，富兰克林帮助保护木制建 筑免受雷击户可知，富兰克林发明了避雷针。故选A项。17 .细节理解题。由第四段中的"Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact, and in his book, he wrote it occurred in June 1752.（大约 15 年后，Priestley 从富兰克林本人那里听说了风筝和钥匙实验，并在他的书中写道，它发生在1752年6月户可知， Priestley写下了富兰克林在夏天进行的风筝和钥匙实验。故选D项。18 .推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could, in theory, be performed. Given that his statement has a few missing details-Franklin didn't list a date, time or location, fbr example it's possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself.（富兰克林本可 以简单地说，理论上，这个实验是可以进行的。鉴于富兰克林的声明缺少一些细节，例如，他没有 列出日期、时间或地点，富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验厂可知，Tom Tucker认为富兰克林在书中 使用将来时来描述他的实验，是认为这可能只是富兰克林在说一种理论上的可能性，（因为缺少一些 细节）实际上富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验。故选C项。19 .主旨大意题。由第一段"As fbr Benjamin Franklin's kite-and-key experiment, most people are aware of the version in which Franklin "discovered“ electricity when lightning struck his kite. However, several details about this experiment are unknown, including when and where it happened. Some historians even doubt whether it took place.（至于本杰明富兰克林的风筝和钥匙实验，大多数人都知道富兰克林在闪 电击中风筝时“发现”了电的版本。然而，关于这个实验的一些细节尚不清楚，包括它发生的时间和 地点。一些历史学家甚至怀疑它是否发生过户可知，本文在首段提出富兰克林的风筝和钥匙的实验并 指出对这个实验存在的一些质疑，然后在下文对此进行讲述，由此判断文章主要讲述的是对富兰克 林风筝和钥匙实验的真实性的一些不同观点。故选D项。20 . have been respected 21. literally 22. educator 23. frozen 24. themselves 25. was taking 26. to disturb 27. that 28. and 29. to【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了成语“程门立雪”背后的故事。21 .考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，老师就被尊为智慧的使者。主语teachers与谓语动 词respect构成被动关系，根据上文Since ancient times可知为现在完成时的被动语态,主语为teachers, 助动词用 have。故填 have been respectedo22 .考查副词。句意：中国著名的成语“程门立雪”，字面意思是“站在程家门前的雪中”，就是一个很 好的例子。修饰动词mean应用副词literally,作状语。故填literally。23 .考查名词。句意："程”指宋明理学的主要教育家程颐。作同位语，表示“教育家”应用名词educator, 不定冠词修饰用单数。故填educator。24 .考查形容词。句意：两个人觉得被风雪冻住了，用衣服紧紧裹住自己，匆匆赶路。作表语，表示 “冻僵的”应用形容词frozeno故填frozeno25 .考查代词。句意：两个人觉得被风雪冻住了，用衣服紧紧裹住自己，匆匆赶路。此处指“他们自 己”应用反身代词themselveso故填themselveso26 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当他们到达程颐的住处时，看门的人说主人正在午睡。表示过去 某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，主语为mater,谓语用单数。故填was taking。27 .考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们选择不打扰老师，站在门外，站在大雪中。结合句意表示 “选择不做某事”短语为choose not to do sth.,此处用动词不定式形式。故填to disturbo28 .考查宾语从句连接词。句意：过了很长一段时间，程颐醒来，意识到他的学生们已经在雪地里 站了很长一段时间，就马上邀请他们进来。该空后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺“是否”意义，用 只起连接作用的that, become aware that+宾语从句。故填that。29 .考查连词。句意：过了很长一段时间，程颐生醒来，意识到他的学生们已经在雪地里站了很长 一段时间，就马上邀请他们进来。前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。30 .考查介词。句意：他们的耐心深深打动了程颐，他详细地回答了学生们的问题。结合句意表示 “回答问题”应用 give answers to questionso 故填 to。so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module. To everyone's relief, the crew of Apollo 13 arrived safely in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17th. Although the crew didn't land on the Moon, NASA still considered the mission a success.1. What was the astronauts9 first reaction to the explosion?A.They went out to land on the Moon.B.They informed scientists on Earth.C.They moved into the lunar module.D.They looked into the cause of the explosion.2. How did the astronauts solve their air situation in the lunar module?A.By moving back to the command module. B.By lowering the carbon dioxide level.C.By creating a new oxygen supply.D.By limiting the oxygen use.3. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?A. Surprise.B. Mission.C. Obstacle.D. Circumstance.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A Successful MissionB. An Amazing AdventureC. Deep Space ExplorationD. Life-and-Death Drama in Space02（2022-山西现代双语学校南校三模）Two of naturalist Charles Darwin's notebooks that were reported stolen from Cambridge University's library have been returned, two decades after they disappeared.The university said on Tuesday that the manuscripts were left in the library inside a pink gift bag, along with a note wishing the librarian a happy Easter.The notebooks, which include the 19th-century scientist's famous 1837 "Tree of Lifesketch on evolution, went missing in 2001 after being removed for photographing, though at the time the staff believed they might have been misplaced. After the staff had searched the library's collection of 10 million books, maps and manuscripts, but failed to find them, they were reported to police in October 2020 as stolen.Darwin filled the notebooks with ideas shortly after returning from his voyage around the world on the ship HMS Beagle, developing ideas that would bloom into his landmark work on evolution On the Origin of Species. The notebooks are estimated to be valued at millions of dollars.On March 9,2022, the books reappeared, left in a public area of the library, outside the librarian's office, which is not covered by security cameras. The university's director of library services, Jessica Gardner, said her relief at the books9 reappearance was "profound and almost impossible to properly express.”“The notebooks can now retake their rightful place alongside the rest of the Darwin archives （档案）at Cambridge, at the heart of the nation's cultural and scientific heritage, alongside the archives of Sir Isaac Newton and Professor Stephen Hawking J she said.The notebooks are set to go on public display from July as part of a Darwin exhibition at the library. Cambridgeshire police said their investigation was continuing,“and we are following up some lines of inquiry. We also renew our appeal for anyone with information about the case to contact us,“the force said.5. . What caused the notebooks to go missing?A. Being left in a pink plastic bag.B. Getting removed by two naturalists.C. Getting mixed with other collections.D. Being taken away for taking pictures.6. Why weren't the notebooks reported to the police until 2020?A. The staff had misplaced them.B. The staff misjudged the situation.C. The notebooks were guaranteed to be returned.D. The notebooks were too worthless to be reported.7. How did Jessica Gardner feel about the reappearance of the notebooks?A. Anxious.B. Disturbed.C. Indifferent. D. Overjoyed.8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The police were to drop the case.B. New witnesses have come forward.C. The stealer has yet to be determined.D. The investigation came to a dead end.03（2022浙江省长兴中学模拟预测）Many of China's ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development*Becoming China's best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring China's remote areas during the1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule （骡子）or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha's Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A. D. , making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple's most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including one hideaway inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. "In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin; Partners in Exploring China's Architectual Past.,9. On their way to the ancient buildings, what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face?A. Poor accommodations and personal security.B. Poor accommodations and smelly areas.C. Broken vehicles and violence from robbers.D. Broken vehicles and muddy roads.10. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings.11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. Responsibilities contribute to development（2022江西兴国中学二模）In November of 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt, a noted hunting enthusiast, had been invited to join a bear hunt near the town of Smedes, Mississippi. When the President had initially proven unsuccessful on this hunt, guide Holt Collier determined to find a suitable quarry （猎物） for Roosevelt.Tracking a 235-pound bear to a watering hole, Collier knocked out the unfortunate bear and tied it securely to a nearby tree. A messenger was sent for the President, but when Roosevelt arrived he was unimpressed by the sight of a bound, dazed and bleeding bear. He had been shocked and disappointed by this unfamiliar method of hunting, using packs of dogs to track, flush out and wear down the prey while the hunter need only lie in wait for the animal to be driven to him. This was far from the physical challenge Roosevelt was accustomed to and fond of. He not only refused to claim the bear himself, but forbade anyone else from doing so as well. Regrettably, the rarely repeated resolution to the story does not include a happy ending for the bear. Seeing the condition of the injured bear, which had been badly bitten by the dogs, Roosevelt