中国传统文化语法填空（1-23）.docx

中国传统文化：语法填空01 .交子与纸币Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the 1.(early) known use ofmetal coins. 2.paper money was certainly easier to carry in largeamounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeiting and inflation.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE), the government licensed specific deposit shops 3.people could leave their coins and receive notes. In the 1100s, Song authorities decided 4.(take) direct control of this system, 5.(issue) the world's first proper, government-produced paper money. This money was called jiaozi.The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, 6.(use) six colors of ink. The factories were located 7.Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper 8.(discourage) counterfeiting. Early notes expired after three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire.In 1265, the Song government introduced a 9.(true) national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold. It was available in denominations between one and one hundred strings of coins. This currency lasted only nine 10.(year), however, because the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279.答嗓1 .earliest 2.While3.where 4.to take 5.issuing 6. using 7.in8.todiscourage 9.truly10.years翻锌纸币出现在十一世纪的宋朝，比最早使用金属币晚了近20个世纪。虽 然纸币更容易大量携带，但使用纸币也有风险一一假币和通货膨胀。在宋朝的初期，政府开设了专门的存款行，人们在那里可以把金属货币换 成纸币。在11世纪，宋朝朝廷决定直接管控这个行业，发行了世界上第一 个政府正式发行的纸币，这种纸币被称为“交子”。宋朝建立了用木板印刷钞票的工厂，用六种颜色的墨水印刷钞票。这些 工厂分别位于成都、杭州、惠州，每家工厂都在纸张中使用了不同的纤维, 以防止造假。早期的纸币使用期限为三年，而且只能在宋朝的特定地区使 用。1265年，宋朝政府推出了一种真正的全国性货币，用单一标准印刷，在全 国范围内使用，以金银为背书。它的面额在一到一百串铜钱之间。然而， 这种货币只持续了九年，因为宋朝风雨飘摇，1279年宋朝被蒙古人推翻。祠汇解折counterfeiting / ' kau nt0fl ti g /假币 inflation / in' flei J n /n.通货膨胀，通胀率皇家印章最早出现在公元前221年。在中国古代第一个皇帝秦始皇征服六国并统一中国 后，他下令用玉石雕刻他的第一个皇家印章。皇家印章被称为玺，只有当权者使用。之后的 皇帝便开始使用玉玺，但玉玺的数量根据朝代的不同而变化。直到明清两朝，由于艺术不断发展，印章开始从皇家转向个人使用。艺术家们开始使用个 性化的方式在印章上刻上他们的名字，以表明他们对作品的所有权。个人也开始在重要文件 上使用个性化印章，这些非官方印章被称为那尸。今天，印章被广泛用于标记重要文件。 词汇解析seal / si: 1 / n,印章，图章motif / mou ti： f/n.图形symbolic/si m' bD li k/ adj.用作象征的，被认为是象征的；有象征意义的 status / ' stei tos/n.(尤指在社会中的)地位，身份 typically / ' ti pi kli / adv.典型地,有代表性地 ceramic/so* raemi k/n.陶瓷制品，陶瓷器;制陶艺术 dip / di p / v,浸，蘸 imperial seal 玉玺personalized / ' p3 ：sonslal zd / adj.标明某人姓名的，为某人特制的09 .后裔射日Angrily, Hou Yi grabbed one magic arrow out of his quiver and aimed carefully. The arrow flew straight into the heart of the most boastful sun. Quickly, that sun 1.(drop) down from the sky, burning up in a ball of fire. When he hit the ground, the sun turned into a huge black crow with a three-foot wingspan, and then he died. The earth immediately felt 2.(cool). Then the Grand Archer stalked the 3.(remain) suns.Having witnessed Hou Yi's powers, the other suns became 4.(frighten), and they scattered across the country. However, one by one, the Grand Archer tracked them down. Each time he killed one of the suns, the earth cooled 5.(far).He shot the second sun and billowing clouds reappeared in the sky. He shot the third sun and mist curled around the high mountains. He shot the fourth sun and dewdrops formed like pearls on every leaf. He shot the 6.(five) sun and springs bubbled out of the rocky hills.He shot the sixth sun and rivers rippled with leaping carp. He shot the seventh sun and 7.(branch) sprouted lush green foliage. He shot the eighth sun and buds blossomed on the trees. He shot the ninth sun and rice grass pushed up tender new shoots. Then Hou Yi vowed to find 8.very last sun and bring him to justice.By now, the land had cooled so dramatically 9.it was comfortable for the peasants. They wanted Hou Yi to quit, but no one dared approach him. 10., before the Grand Archer could spend his last arrow, a brave boy sneaked up behind him and stole the tenth shaft. 答案1 .dropped 2.cooler3.remaining 4. frightened5. further6.fifth7.branchcs 8.the9.that10. However翻译原文后羿怒气冲冲地从箭筒里抽出一支神箭，小心瞄准。箭直射中了最自负的一个太阳。 很快，他从天空落下，燃烧成一个火球，撞到地面时，变成了一只巨大的黑色乌鸦，然后死 掉了。这时大地立刻感到凉爽了一些。随后，后羿继续跟踪剩下的儿个太阳。这些太阳看到后羿的射术后，都很害怕，逃往各地。后羿一个接一个地找到了他们。他每 射掉一个太阳，大地就会凉快一点。他射掉第二个太阳，天空中又出现了厚厚的云层；他射掉了第三个太阳，薄雾笼罩着高山； 他射掉第四个太阳，每片树叶上都结满了珍珠般的露珠；他射掉第五个太阳，泉水从山中喷 涌而出。他射掉第六个太阳，河水中出现了跳跃的鲤鱼；他射掉第七个太阳，树枝长出了茂密的绿 叶；他射掉第八个太阳，花蕾在树上开花；他射掉第九个太阳，稻草长出了嫩芽。后羿发誓 要找到最后一个太阳，将他绳之以法。地面凉了下来，农民们感到很舒适。他们想让后羿停止，但没有人敢接近他。就在后羿准 备射最后一支箭时，一个勇敢的男孩悄悄走近他，偷走了第十支箭。词汇解析archer / ' a： tj g(r)/n.弓箭手boastful / ' bou stfl/adj.自吹自擂的，自夸的stalk/st" k/v.偷偷接近,潜近；跟踪,盯梢 billow / bl Iqu /vi.翻腾 mist / mi st /n.薄雾,水汽dewdrop / * dju： drDp/n.露珠； 露滴bubble /' bA b(g)l /v.冒泡,沸腾ripple / ' n p(9)l / v.(使)如波浪般起伏 sprout / sprau t / v.(植物)发芽，抽条10 .月牙泉Just as water and fire are incompatible, neither can a desert and a spring coexist. But, this is not the case for the Crescent Lake 1.is surrounded by the Mingsha Sand Dune. The golden sand hill and the blue lake cast a beautiful contrast in a harmonious existence.The Crescent Lake is also known 2.the Crescent Spring, Crescent Moon Spring, or Yueya Spring. It can be considered a natural wonder of the Gobi Desert. Just as 3.(it) name implies, the lake appears like a crescent moon and with its crystal clear water, 4.(resemble) a pearl inlaid in the vast desert. Some say it reminds them 5. the eye of a beautiful woman, lucid, beautiful and amorous.Visitors are able to witness the variable scenes of the lake from early sunrise to sunset. Such as the soft glow of sunrise and the smooth mirror image 6.dusk. It is during the latter time 7.the lake reflects the rosy clouds and golden dunes of the surrounding. In the evening, blue neon light encircles the lake resembling the moon on the ground.Research shows that the mysterious crescent landform was 8.result of a natural wind. Sands 9.(fall) from the surrounding mountains would be blown to the other side of the nearby Echoing-Sand Mountain. Thus, the sands do not smother the spring. This natural phenomenon keeps the sand dunes and spring in a 10.(harmony) and almost paradoxical existence. 答案1 .that2.as3.its4.resembles5.of6.at7. that8. the 9.falling10.harmonious翻译正如水火不相容一样，沙漠和泉水也不可能共存。但是，对于被鸣沙山包围的月牙泉来说, 情况并非如此。金色的沙丘和蓝色的湖泊和谐共存，这种反差形成了独特的美景。月牙湖又名月牙泉。它是戈壁沙漠中的一个自然奇迹。顾名思义，它看起来像一轮新月， 清澈的湖水就像镶嵌在茫茫沙漠中的一颗珍珠。有人说这让他们想起了一个美丽姑娘的眼睛 清澈、美丽、多情。游客可以欣赏从日出到日落的湖面变化的场景比如日出时的波光粼粼光和黄昏时刻 如镜子一样的湖面。在黄昏这段时间，湖面映出了天上的彩霞和周围金色的沙丘。晚上，蓝 色的霓虹灯环绕着湖面，就像地面上的一轮弯月。研究表明，这一神秘的新月形地貌是自然界的风形成的。从周围山上落下的沙子会被风吹到 附近鸣沙山的另一边。因此，沙子不会把月牙湖埋起来。这种自然现象使得沙丘和泉水保持 着一种和谐，却又矛盾地存在着。词汇解析incompatible /, Inkom' paeteb(9)l /adj.不相容的，不能共存的;不能和谐相处的，合不来的 coexist /, kau I g' zi st /v.同时存在,共存;和平共处 imply /1 m' plai /v.暗示，暗指；意味着 resemble / ri ' zemb(o)l/v.像，与相似variable / ' ve°rigb(o)l/adj.易变的，多变的 dusk / dA sk / n.黄昏，傍晚；暮色phenomenon / fo' no ml non/n.现象；杰出的人，非凡的人(或事物) harmonious /ha： mounts/adj.和睦的，融洽的；悦耳的；和谐的，协调的11.盘古开天Pangu is an ancient Chinese deity considered to be the first living being and 1.(create) of the world. Emerging from an egg 2.(contain) the entire cosmos, his birth released the universe.Pangu is comprised 3.the Chinese characters pan (盘)，meaning to "coil” and gu (古), meaning "ancient." 4.he was inside the egg containing the entirety of the universe, Pangu slept in a curled up position due to space limitations. Pangu9s name, therefore, denotes both his ancientness 5.the unusual circumstances of his birth.Pangu is an important figure to 6.number of minority ethnic groups in China, and each has their own oral version of his creation myth. Modern versions of the myth can 7.(trace) back to Xu Zheng, an ancient Chinese author and government official 8. lived during the Three Kingdoms period, who was the first person 9.(record) it in writing. In all versions of the myth, Pangu and the universe are described as emerging from an egg; there are discrepancies, however, as to how Pangu manages to free 10.(he) and how the universe is formed. 答案1 .creator2.containing3.of4.when 5.and6.a7.betraced 8.who9.to record lO.himself翻译盘古是中国古代的一个神，被认为是世界上最早的生物和创造者。他从包含整个宇宙的 龙蛋中生出来，整个宇宙从此诞生。盘古是由汉字的“盘”一盘成一圈和“古古老组成。当盘古在包含整个宇宙的龙蛋里的时候, 由于空间的限制，他以蜷曲的姿势睡觉。因此，盘古之名，既表明了他的古老，也表明了他 的特殊出身。盘古是我国许多少数民族文化中的重要人物，每个民族都有自己口述的盘古神话。现 代版本的神话可以追溯到徐正一位生活在三国时期的中国古代作家和官员，他是第一个 用文字记录盘古的人。在所有的神话版本中，盘古和宇宙都被描述为从蛋里出来的。但是, 盘古是如何出来的，宇宙又是如何形成的，不同文化之间存在着差异。词汇解析deity / ' del oti; ' di： oti /n.神coil / ko I 1 /v.卷,盘绕curl/k3 ： 1/v.（使）弯曲，卷曲；（使）盘绕，（使）弯弯曲曲移动discrepancy / di ' skrepgnsi / n.差异，不符12 .女婿补天Niiwa is sometimes referred to respectfully as wa huang which translates literally as "Empress Huang”. Niiwa's mother is the goddess Huaxu 1.became suddenly pregnant when she was wandering the universe and stepped in a footprint 2.(leave) by the god of thunder, Leigong. Fuxi is seen 3.the inventor of hunting, cooking, and the Chinese writing system.One version of the story says that after she was done, she was so tired 4.she lay down to rest and died from exhaustion. 5.version says that while she was working, she discovered there wasn't enough stone to fix the sky, so she sacrificed 6.(she) to use her body to fill the last bits. Either way, order was restored to earth and humanity was able to live 7.(peace) once again. Although she did her best, Nuwa couldn't get the sky and earth to align exactly the way it had before. The earth became permanently tilted and that's 8.it's said that all of the rivers in China run in a Southeastern direction.Niiwa is an important figure in popular culture. Though many temples dedicated to Niiwa and her brother Fuxi can 9.(find) throughout the Chinese-speaking world, her most important temple is located in Hebei Province and is seen as the ancestral shrine of all humans.March 18th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Nv Wa, so every year from March 1st 10. 18th of the lunar calendar; people from Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan Provinces come to She County on a pilgrimage to Nv Wa.答案l.who 2.left 3.as 4.that 5.Another6.herself 7.peacefully 8.why9.be found lO.to 翻译女期也被尊称为蜗皇。女婿的母亲是女神华胥，一天她去雷泽游玩忽然看见一个巨大的 脚印，她用脚踩了一下，觉得肚子有些不适，于是就有了身孕，生下了女婿的哥哥伏羲，人 们认为是伏羲发明了狩猎、烹饪和中国文字。有一种说法是女娟补天之后，太累了，于是躺下休息，最后疲劳过度死去。另一种说法 是，她在补天时发现没有足够的石头，于是牺牲了自己，用自己的身体去补天。无论哪种方 式，地球恢复到原来的样子，人类能够再次和平地生活。虽然尽了最大努力，但是女婿还是 无法让天和地像以前一样。地变得倾斜，这就是传说中为什么所有的河流都朝着东南方向流 淌的原因。女姻是现代文化中的一个重要人物，在当代被视为一个历史人物。人们能够找到很多供 奉女婿和伏羲的寺庙，最重有影响的寺庙位于河北省，被视为人类的拜谒祖先的地方。农历3月18日是女期的生日，所以每年从农历3月1日到18日来自山西、河北、山东 和河南的人们来到涉县朝拜女蜗。词汇解析literally / li toroli / adv.按照字面意义地exhaustion /1 g' zo ： stf on/n.筋疲力尽;耗尽，枯竭 align/o' lai n/v.(使)排成一条直线,使平行 shrine / J rai n /n.圣地；神殿13 .敦煌莫高窟1 .(carve) into the cliffs above the Dachuan River, the Mogao Caves south-east of the Dunhuang oasis, Gansu Province, comprise the 2.(large), most richly endowed, and longest used treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. It first 3.(construct) in 366AD and represents the great 4.(achieve) of Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th century.The group of caves at Mogao represents 5.unique artistic achievement both by the organization of space into 492 caves built on five levels and by the production of more than 2,000 painted sculptures, and 6.(approximate) 45,000 square meters of murals, among 7.are many masterpieces of Chinese art.For 1,000 years, from the period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) 8.the Yuan Dynasty (1276-1386), the caves of Mogao played a decisive role 9. artistic exchanges between China, Central Asia and India. The paintings at Mogao bear 10(exception) witness to the civilizations of ancient China during the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties. 答案1 .Carved2.largest3.wasconstructed4.achievement5,a 6.approximately7.which8.to 9.in lO.exceptional 翻译莫高窟位于甘肃敦煌绿洲东南部的悬崖峭壁上，是世界上规模最大、资源最丰富、时间 最久远的佛教艺术宝库。它始建于公元366年，代表了 4世纪到14世纪佛教艺术的伟大成 就。莫高窟代表了独特的艺术成就，它由492洞窟构成，上下共分五层。彩塑2000多身，壁 画4.5万多平方米，其中有许多是中国艺术的杰作。从北魏到元朝，一千年来，莫高窟在中国、中亚和印度的艺术交流中发挥了决定性的作用。 莫高窟的绘画是隋、唐、宋时期中国古代文明的杰出见证。词汇解析carve / ka: v /v.雕,刻endow /1 n' dau /v.捐赠,资助artistic / a： , ti sti k /adj.艺术的，艺术家的；有艺术鉴赏力的，有艺术天赋的；有艺术性 的，精美的masterpiece / ' ma: stopi： s /n.代表作，杰作decisive / di ' sal si v /adj.果断的，决断的；决定性的，关键的；14飞天Flying Asparas, the symbol of Dunhuang art, are scattered in all the 500 1.(grotto) of Dunhuang area. They are an embodiment of Gandharva, the God in charge of holy songs and dances, and Kimnara, the God in charge of 2.(entertain).They, husband and wife, were 3.(original) God of entertainment and God of songs and dances in Indian mythology and were 4.(late) converted to the Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils by Buddha. Resting in flower pedals 5.flying in the heavenly paradise, Gandharva was responsible to spread scent in the Buddhist world, present flowers to Buddhas, and offer treasure; while Kimnara was responsible 6.music and dance in the Buddhist world. He was not permitted 7.(fly) in the heaven.Later on Gandharva and Kimnara 8.(mix) together, without distinguishable gender and duty. They became one integral part as Flying Asparas. 9 present, the one playing music in early stage is called Paradise Musician; the 10 one playing music instrumentsinging and dancing is called Flying Asparas Musician.答案1 .grottoes2.entertainment 3.originally4.later5.and 6.for 7.to fly 8.weremixed 9.At 10. other翻译敦煌地区的500个洞窟中都能看到飞天，它是敦煌的象征。飞天所画的神是掌管歌舞的 乾阔婆和掌管娱乐的紧那罗的化身。夫妻二人原本是印度神话中的娱乐之神和歌舞之神，后来被佛改为为半神半魔。乾阚婆坐 卧在花瓣中，在天空中飞翔，传送香味，向佛陀献花、献宝。而紧那罗负责音乐和舞蹈，他 不被允许在空中飞行。后来乾阔婆和紧那罗融为一体，没有性别和责任的区分。它们成为了飞天的一部分。早期 演奏音乐的被称为天上乐师，另一个演奏乐器，唱歌跳舞的叫做飞天。词汇解析scatter/' skaetMr)/v,撒，播撒;(使)散开，(使)散布在各处 embodiment /1 m' bD dimont /n.体现，化身 convert / kon' v3 ： t/v.(使)转变，(使)转换； leverage / ' li： von dj /n.影响力，手段 acquisition / , aekwi ' zi f (o)n /n.获取 blockchain / blD kt' f el n / 区块链 posture / ' pD stf o(r) /n.(坐或立的)姿势15.兰亭集序The Lanting Xu (Preface of the Orchid Pavilion) or Lanting ji Xu is a famous work of calligraphy by Wang Xizhi (301 CE to 363 CE), 1.(compose) in the 353 CE. Written in elegant semi-cursive script and undeipinned by deep philosophical thinking, it is among the best known and often copied pieces of calligraphy in Chinese history and also 2.famous piece of Chinese literature. It is revered as the best running calligraphy. Wang Xizhi is respected 3.Shu Sheng, “Sage of Calligraphy or "Super Master of Calligraphy.Lanting Xu 4.(contain) 28 vertical lines and 324 characters. According to legend, the 5.(origin) copy was passed down to successive generations in the Wang family in secrecy until the monk Zhi Yong , dying without an heir, left it to the care of a disciple monk, Bian Cai . Emperor Tai Zong of Tang Dynasty (599 CE to 649 CE) heard about this masterpiece. He sent messengers on three occasions to retrieve the text, 6.each time Bian Cai responded that it had been lost.Finally Tai Zong dispatched Xiao Yi who, disguised as a wandering scholar, 7.(gradual) gained the confidence of Bian Cai and persuaded him 8.(show) him the Preface of the Orchid Pavilion. Thereupon, Xiao Yi seized the work, revealed h