专题一 阅读理解-主题5 人与社会·历史、社会与文化-题组七.pptx

专题一 阅读理解主题5 人与社会历史、社会与文化专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）题组七题组七Passage 1（2021全国卷甲，D，8分）Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly:Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most often white men,of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.Its said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club women,or people 专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）of a different color or belief they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six,girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are really,really smart.Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really,really smart.Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Heres the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors（因素）like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world.专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）1.What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?()AA.Theyre unfair.B.Theyre conservative.C.Theyre objective.D.Theyre strict.解析 推理判断题。题干中的victors standards for joining the genius club与第三段中的those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club信息一致，可将解题信息定位在该段中，由该段首句中的.geniuses were most often white men,of European origin及尾句中的women,or people of a different color or belief they were unacknowledged and rejected by others可知，历史是由胜利者书写的，被认定为天才的大多是有欧洲血统的白人男性，而做出贡献的女人或其他肤色的人则不被认可，因此作者认为这样的标准并不公平，故A项正确。conservative保守的；objective客观的。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?()DA.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.解析 推理判断题。题干中的the study in Science与第四段中的A study recently published by Science 信息一致。由该段内容尤其是Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief.smart.可推知，女孩很可能是受到社会观念的影响，故D项正确。look up to仰慕。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?()AA.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors concepts.D.Changes in peoples social positions.解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In a wired world with constant global communication,were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear可知，现代社会的全球通信使得越来越多的天才能够为人所知，故A项正确。discrimination歧视。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）4.What is the best title for the text?()BA.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius Takes Many FormsC.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and Luck解析 标题判断题。本文在第一段提出了数百年来人们一直关注的问题：什么样的人是天才。接着作者讲述了过去人们对天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，最后作者讲到随着时代的发展、全球通信的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人，故B项适合作本文的标题。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）【核心词汇】be praised as被誉为act on根据行事，对起作用wired adj.（与计算机系统）联网的，连线的解读：本文讲述了过去人们对天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，但是，随着时代的发展、全球交流的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）译文：最近发表在科学上的一项研究发现，早在六岁，比起男孩来，女孩就不太可能说其他女孩非常非常聪明。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）Passage 2（2020新高考卷，D，10分）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）,its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the Ill have what shes having effect.However,well adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,Ill follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）1.What is the recent study mainly about?()DA.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主题段。我们同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且我们要避免同食量大的瘦人一起用餐。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了饮食行为，故D项正确。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）2.What does the underlined word beanpoles in paragraph 1 refer to?()DA.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，现有的研究表明你应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭。又根据前面的提示内容contrary to existing research可知，后面提到的内容恰好与前面的相反，由此可推知，真正需要避免一起用餐的是那些胃口大的瘦高个。beanpoles的词义与heavier people相对，故D项（瘦高个的人）切题。A:大胃王；B:超重的人；C:吃饭挑剔的人。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?()AA.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段首句To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments可知，为了验证社交影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，雇用演员参与是为了看看她是如何影响参与者的饮食习惯的，故A项正确。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）4.On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph?()CA.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.解析 推理判断题。根据尾段中的If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.because I see the results of his eating habits可知，如果这个同伴打算吃更多，我也会吃更多；但是，我们将调整这种影响。如果一个超重的人在吃很多，我会稍微保留一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果（即如何看待他人）为基础的，故C项正确。专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解题组七题组七（）【核心词汇】consumption n.吃，喝，（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量解读：研究表明，与你一同用餐的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起用餐。