题型三　阅读理解 中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破.pptx

题型三阅读理解广东题型突破练广东题型突破练中考总复习 英语考情分析真题范例专题精练解题技能考 情 分 析从近几年的广东中考考题来看，阅读理解题包括A、B、C 三篇短文。A篇是应用文，一般以表格、图表或配有图片的短文等形式出现。一般都可以直接从文中找出答案。该题型主要考查短文的细节信息，间或有短文出处、写作对象及目的的考查。B篇是考查学生能力的短文，一般为说明性的短文(科普文)。除考查对文章的整体把握和关键信息的提取之外，还考查词义猜测、推理判断以及文章主旨大意归纳的能力。C篇为配对阅读题，命题者给考生提供若干段简短的信息，让学生把相应的信息进行配对，属于细节考查题，难度不大，要尽量不失分。年份篇序话题主题考点2023ADIY纸扇人与自我(勤于动手，乐于实践)51细节理解题52细节理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55写作意图题B动物的方向感人与自然(在探索动物的过程中认识动物、保护动物)56文章出处题57细节理解题58词义猜测题(英文猜英文)59推理判断题60最佳标题题C青少年与父母的分歧与建议人与社会(良好的人际关系与人际交往，培养合理金钱观)6165细节匹配题年份篇序话题主题考点2022A一则关于智能家庭秀的广告人与社会(科普知识与现代技术)51细节理解题52图文理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55细节理解题B世界著名的登山运动员杰瑞的故事人与社会(挑战自我，帮助社会)56段落大意题57词义猜测题(英文猜英文)58细节理解题59推理判断题60最佳标题题C短信与回复人与社会(良好的人际沟通)6165细节匹配题年份篇序话题主题考点2021A摘草莓的注意事项人与社会51细节理解题52细节理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55推理判断题B学生Laura发起Feed&Find项目，既帮助解决粮食浪费问题，也帮助了有需要的人人与社会(良好人际交往，和谐社区生活)56推理判断题57细节理解题58细节理解题59词义猜测题(英文猜英文)60最佳标题题C英语习语与语境人与自我(激发学习兴趣，掌握英语学习方法)6165细节匹配题返 回真 题 范 例A(2023广东)When its hot outside and we have to go out，surely we want to keep cool.We can put on hats，wear light clothing，or stay at a cool place.However，nothing can beat a good fan.Now Ill show you how to make a good DIY(Do It Yourself)paper fan.语篇解读：本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤。What to preparePlease prepare two pieces of paper.All paper will work，but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality(优质的)paper.Then get glue，two sticks，etc.How to make a DIY fanThe first step is to draw pictures on the paper.Just draw anything you like.The next step is to fold up(折叠)the paper.Then glue the two pieces of folded paper together.After that，paint the sticks.The final step is to glue the sticks onto the folded paper.And everything is done.If you look at your watch，you will be surprised:it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan.Then you can fold it up and drop it in your bag.When you are out in the heat next time，just take it out and enjoy the gentle wind.51.Which is the best way to keep cool according to paragraph 1?A.Putting on hats.B.Using a good fan.C.Wearing light clothing.D.Staying at a cool place.细节理解题。根据第一段中“We can put on hats，wear light clothing，or stay at a cool place.However，nothing can beat a good fan.”可知，天热想保持凉爽的最佳方式就是使用一把好扇子。故选B。52.Why is quality paper a good choice to make a fan?A.It is light.B.It is colorful.C.It lasts long.D.It looks beautiful.细节理解题。根据What to prepare中“All paper will work，but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality(优质的)paper.”可知，使用优质纸张是因为可以让纸扇长时间使用。故选C。53.What is the second step of making a paper fan?A.Painting the sticks.B.Drawing pictures on the paper.C.Folding up the paper.D.Gluing the sticks onto the folded paper.细节理解题。根据How to make a DIY fan中“The next step is to fold up(折叠)the paper.”可知，第二个步骤是把纸折叠起来。故选C。54.From the last paragraph，we can tell that making a paper fan is .A.quick B.difficult C.boring D.strange细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If you look at your watch，you will be surprised：it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan.”可知，制作纸扇是非常快的。故选A。55.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To sell paper fans.B.To show how to save time.C.To share a fun story.D.To teach how to make paper fans.写作意图题。本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤，即写作目的是教我们如何制作纸扇。故选D。BSome animals can easily find their way home after a long journey.How do they make it?Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.语篇解读：本文介绍了一些动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感。A certain kind of ants，for example，can count their steps to avoid getting lost.They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home.These ants live in the open desert(沙漠)，so they have nothing to guide them along the way.Its like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell.They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area.Some sea birds have a similar ability.They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.Some animals can sense the earths magnetic field(磁场)，while humans cant.This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back.How can this kind of fish do that?It is still a mystery.Scientists have no good answers yet.However，animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities.For example，many birds depend on stars for direction，but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night.To solve this problem，we can simply turn off some lights at night.Clearly，one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.56.Where is this passage most probably from?A.A storybook.B.An art magazine.C.A guidebook.D.A science magazine.文章出处题。本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可能会在科学杂志上看到。故选D。57.How can a certain kind of ants find their way?A.By imagining the way.B.By counting their steps.C.By bringing food together.D.By walking through a forest.细节理解题。根据第二段中“A certain kind of ants，for example，can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，一些蚂蚁可以通过数步数来避免迷路。故选B。58.What does the underlined word“mystery”in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Secret.B.Choice.C.Reason.D.Feeling.词义猜测题。根据第四段中“It is still a mystery.Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知，科学家还没有答案，因此可推知画线单词“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。59.What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph?A.To help animals.B.To travel at night.C.To keep city lights on.D.To develop unusual abilities.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，本段说明人类的一个小举动可能对动物意义重大，因此是建议人们要帮助动物。故选A。60.Which can be the best title for the passage?A.Birds Sense of Light B.Fishs Sense of SmellC.Animals Sense of Direction D.Animals Sense of Magnetic Field最佳标题题。本文介绍了有些动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，因此“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故选C。C配对阅读。下面是五名学生的困惑和七则建议，请将每个学生的困惑和对应的建议进行匹配。A.You can make a shopping list first.And you may go to different supermarkets to compare prices before you make a decision.B.You should understand your mum.A model car is not a must.Parents know more about the value of money as they work hard to support the family.C.Write down your daily spending of the pocket money in a notebook.This may help you avoid unnecessary spending.语篇解读：本文分别是五位学生的困惑和七则建议。D.You can learn numbers first.For example，you can count coins and banknotes with your parents.E.Maybe you can have a yard sale to get money for your shoes.There must be things you dont need any more like old toys or magazines.F.I agree with your father.You can keep part of your lucky money in a bank instead of using it up.This can help you save money for the future.G.You can invite someone working in a bank to your club to give a talk.In this way，you can know more about how banks work.61.My mum didnt agree to buy another model racing car for me.She said it would be a waste of money.I am angry with her.()根据第一位同学的困惑可知，这位同学因为妈妈不同意买另外一辆赛车模型而感到生气，B选项“你应该理解你妈妈。模型车不是必需品。由于父母努力工作养家，所以他们更了解钱的价值。”符合题意，故选B。B62.I want a pair of basketball shoes for my training.But I dont want to ask my parents for money.()根据这位同学的困惑可知，这位同学想买一双训练穿的篮球鞋，但又不想向父母要钱，E选项“也许你可以举办一场庭院拍卖来赚钱买鞋。你一定有不再需要的东西，比如旧玩具或杂志。”符合题意，故选E。E63.I get as much pocket money as my sister each month.But my money runs out much more quickly than hers.()根据这位同学的困惑可知，他的零花钱比妹妹的花得快，C选项“把你每天花费的零花钱记在笔记本上。这可以帮助你避免不必要的支出。”符合题意，故选C。C64.I think I can spend all my lucky money.But my father doesnt allow me to.()根据这位同学的困惑可知，这位同学想花完所有的压岁钱，但是爸爸不同意，F选项“我同意你父亲的看法。你可以把一部分压岁钱存入银行，而不是用完。这可以帮助你为未来省钱。”符合题意，故选F。F65.My mum wants me to do the weekly shopping for our family.But I dont know how to spend money wisely.()根据这位同学的困惑可知，妈妈要求他去做家庭采购，但他不知道如何明智地花钱，A选项“你可以先列一个购物清单。在你做决定之前，你可以去不同的超市比较价格。”符合题意，故选A。A返 回解 题 技 能类型一阅读A、B题型一细节理解题一、命题形式细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。广东中考阅读理解中细节理解题主要有以下考查方向：1.5W1H细节题5W1H细节题主要考查学生对文章中发生什么事、事件的主要人物、事件发生的时间、原因、过程、结果的理解。此类题目题干中的关键词是解题的关键，学生需将题干中的关键词代入原文中进行比对，得出正确答案。2.EXCEPT/TRUE题根据广东中考真题可知，EXCEPT题出现在2019、2018年的阅读A篇中，TRUE题出现在2018年的阅读B篇中。此类题目主要是对某个点的全面考查或是对全文细节的考查，学生需对全文的细节有全面的了解和把握，用排除法得出正确答案。常见的设问方式：According to the passage，the followings are.EXCEPT .Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE?3.数字计算题根据广东中考真题可知，数字计算题多以how many进行设问，考查某个关键点下包含多少个小点，学生需弄懂文章中各要点间的逻辑关系；或是考查年份、月份或金钱的计算，文章中经常会出现多个数字，学生需对它们进行比对、分析、计算得出正确答案。常见的设问方式：How many.does the writer mention in paragraph.?Sb and sb.will pay.for the ticket.二、解题方法方法1排除干扰项法细节理解题中，部分题目的干扰选项往往是正确细节与非正确细节的混杂，考生需将选项与原文进行比对，排除干扰选项，得出正确答案。真题体验1(2022阅读A节选)Now your kids can try these devices at the smart home show in our community science center from August 1st to August 14th.Opening Hours:1：00 p.m.9：00 p.m.from Tuesday to Sunday；closed on Monday.53.When can a visitor enter the science center?A.On Monday morning.B.On Sunday morning.C.On Monday afternoon.D.On Sunday afternoon.细节理解题。根据Opening Hours部分“1：00 p.m.9：00 p.m from Tuesday to Sunday；closed on Monday.”可知，游客周日下午可以参观科学中心。故选D。方法2同义转换法细节理解题中还有一部分题目的题干关键词与选项关键信息是对原文进行了同义转换，同义转换的部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，此时需要对比选项与原文的意思是否一致。真题体验2(2021阅读A节选)For safety，you must use our new baskets only.A basket alone costs 5 yuan.It holds about 2 kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total.52.The farm provides new baskets .A.to cut down the cost B.to protect the environmentC.to keep customers safe D.to carry more strawberries根据“For safety，you must use our new baskets only.”可知，safe与safety为同义词，故选C。方法3细节推敲法这类题目不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，学生需根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等对文章细节进行推敲，得出正确答案。真题体验3(2023阅读A节选)If you look at your watch，you will be surprised:it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan.Then you can fold it up and drop it in your bag.When you are out in the heat next time，just take it out and enjoy the gentle wind.54.From the last paragraph，we can tell that making a paper fan is .A.quick B.difficult C.boring D.strange根据“If you look at your watch，you will be surprised：it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan.”可推知，制作纸扇是非常快的。故选A。真题体验4(2021阅读B节选)Pretty cool，right?Its not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura，hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities.58.People in other cities would like Laura to .A.find a truck driver B.visit their communitiesC.give away food to them D.help develop projects like hers 由“hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities”可知，人们希望Laura能帮助他们发展一样的项目。故选D。题型二推理判断题一、命题形式推理判断题要求学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，学生需根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断，不可凭个人臆断进行选择。二、解题方法1.隐含推断题此类题目主要立足于文章的细节，学生需要从细节中找到线索，总结推理出正确答案。真题体验5(2023阅读B节选)However，animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities.For example，many birds depend on stars for direction，but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night.To solve this problem，we can simply turn off some lights at night.Clearly，one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.59.What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph?A.To help animals.B.To travel at night.C.To keep city lights on.D.To develop unusual abilities.根据最后一段内容可知，文章建议人们通过环保行动来帮助和保护动物。故选A。真题体验6(2022阅读B节选)For Jerry，this kind of adventure is most satisfying.“Such adventures have made us see life in a different way.Now，being the best climber isnt important for me.What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains.There is still much more we can do，”Jerry said to a newspaper.59.Jerrys and his friends adventures have changed .A.their hobbies B.their friendshipC.their understanding of life D.their living conditions根据句中“Such adventures have made us see life in a different way.”可知，Jerry和朋友们的探险改变了他们对生命的理解。故选C。2.文章出处题此类题目可以根据文章的用词和体裁来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。常见的题干设题形式如下：The passage is most probably from .Where is the passage probably from?Where can you most probably read this passage?In which part of the newspaper will you find the passage?真题体验7(2023阅读B节选)Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey.How do they make it?Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.56.Where is this passage most probably from?A.A storybook.B.An art magazine.C.A guidebook.D.A science magazine.本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可能会在科学杂志上看到。故选D。3.读者对象题此类题目要先了解文章主旨大意，抓住文章中能提示读者对象的词或句进行判断。真题体验8(2019阅读A节选)Bullying(欺凌)can happen to anyone.A great many children around the world are bullied every year，but there are things that can be done to help.What can you do?If someone is not kind to you，tell an adult that you know and like.For example，talk to a parent or a teacher.60.This passage is mainly written for .A.teachers B.parents C.children D.the police通读全文尤其是What can you do？部分的内容可推知，本文主要是写给孩子的。故选C。4.写作意图/目的题判断文章的目的，可以从文章的主题句入手，先了解文章大意，再对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。常见的题干设题形式如下：What is the main purpose/idea of the passage?Whats the purpose of the passage?Whats the writing purpose of the.paragraph？真题体验9(2023阅读A节选)When its hot outside and we have to go out，surely we want to keep cool.We can put on hats，wear light clothing，or stay at a cool place.However，nothing can beat a good fan.Now Ill show you how to make a good DIY(Do It Yourself)paper fan.What to prepare.How to make a DIY fan.55.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To sell paper fans.B.To show how to save time.C.To share a fun story.D.To teach how to make paper fans.本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤，即写作目的是教我们如何制作纸扇。故选D。真题体验10(2019阅读B节选)In our daily life，robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous，boring，difficult，or dirty.And we often see kids play with toy robots.But what exactly is a robot?There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have.These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.65.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To help people understand what a robot is.B.To tell what a robot can do in our life.C.To describe the movement of a robot.D.To introduce the history of robots.根据文章内容可知，本文主要给我们介绍了什么是机器人。故选A。5.观点态度题推断作者对某人某事的看法或者作者本人所持的观点，作者的观点和态度通常在首段或尾段表现得最为明显。真题体验11(2021阅读B节选)According to a research，more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Lauras county each year.That is about 30%of the yearly food supply(供应).It is a sad fact，especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.56.The numbers in paragraph 1 tell us .A.some people are poor B.food waste is seriousC.the population is large D.the research is interesting根据文中的数据可推知，作者旨在告诉我们食物浪费很严重。故选B。题型三词义猜测题一、命题形式词义猜测题考查学生对一定的词汇在特定的语言环境中的意义的理解，要求学生对文中个别难词、关键词做出解释。解答这类题目，学生需要利用上下文的关键信息点来确定其确切含义。常见的设问方式如下：What does the underlined word“.”in paragraph.probably mean?What does the word“.”in paragraph.mean in Chinese?The underlined word“.”in this passage means in Chinese.The Chinese meaning of“.”is .Whats the meaning of the underlined word“.”in the passage?The underlined word“it/theythey/them”in paragraph.is about .What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph.refer to?二、解题方法1.语境推断法大部分的词义猜测题都可以通过上下文语境推断出答案，学生可以根据上下文之间的并列关系、已知信息与生词的同义关系、反义关系等逻辑关系推断出生词的意思。真题体验12(2023阅读B节选)Some animals can sense the earths magnetic field(磁场)，while humans cant.This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back.How can this kind of fish do that?It is still a mystery.Scientists have no good answers yet.58.What does the underlined word“mystery”in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Secret.B.Choice.C.Rea