现在完成时--讲义.pdf

现在完成时 1.结构：主语+have/has+done+宾语 这里的have/has为 词。done为 ，分为 和 。动词过去分词的规则变化:与动词过去式的规则变化相同 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped drop-droppeddropped 不规则变化见表格 练一练 把下列动词变成过去分词：1.stop_ 2.find _ 3.invite_ 4.try _ 5.go_ 6.cut _ 7.break _ 8.dream _ 9.do_ 10.get _ 11.feel _ 12.make _ 2.用法：（1）过去发生的事持续到现在。（2）过去发生的事影响到现在。Someone has broken the window.(过去打破的，现在窗户还是破的。)Someone broke the window.(过去打破的，窗户现在怎么样不知道，也许修好了，也许还是破的。)Black has seen the movie.(Black 过去看的电影，现在知道内容或不想看了。)Black saw the movie.(Black 过去看的电影，仅此而已。和现在没有任何关系。)*注意：一般在汉语中含有“已经”的句子，常用“完成时”。3.一般疑问句 Lucy has watered the flowers in the garden.Has Lucy watered the flowers in the garden?Yes,./No,.They have planted hundreds of trees./启示：现在完成时的一般疑问句变法：思考：现在完成时的特殊疑问句？They have planted hundreds of trees.（划线提问）She has played the piano for two hours.（划线提问）特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其它 4.否定句 They have planted hundreds of trees.They planted hundreds of trees.Lucy has watered the flowers in the garden.Lucy watered the flowers in the garden.启示：现在完成时的否定句变法：练一练 1.I have done some pizza.I _ _ any pizza.（变否定句）_ you _ any pizza?（变疑问句）2.David has ever seen the film before.David _ ever _ the film before.（变否定句）_David ever _ the film before?变疑问句）3.The spaceship has already arrived Mars.The spaceship _ _ Mars _.（变否定句）_the spaceship _ Mars _?（变疑问句）5.标志词：since（自从）for+时间段 already（已经）yet(还；已经)so far(到目前为止)just(刚刚)never(从不)ever(曾经)in the past/last few years(在过去的几年)(1)since和for Since+过去时间点/过去式 而for+时间段（hoe long 提问）since Monday（从周一到现在）for three days（三天前到现在）since last night（从昨晚到现在）for ten minutes（十分钟前到现在）since January（从 1 月到现在）for five months（五个月前到现在）since I was ten（从我十岁到现在）Helen has lived in New York since 2015.My brother has learned about 500 English words since he was five years old.I have cleaned it for about two hours.How long have you cleaned your room?注意：注意：since+一段时间+ago=for+一段时间 Jack has played basketball for three years.=Jack has played basketball since three years ago.另外，all day，all my life，all morning通常不加for。练一练 横线上填for或since _a year _a week ago _last year _two minutes _yesterday _she came here _2012 _Tom left _ his third birthday 用since和for填空 1.Mrs.Smith has been in Beijing _ a long time.2.Theyve been good friends _ they were little kids.3.Kate has been a member of the dancing club _ two years ago.4.He has studied at No.1 Middle School _ three years.5.The boy has been ill _ last Friday.(2)yet和 already yet 意为“已经;还”；already 意为“已经”yet一般用于疑问句和否定句。而already用于肯定句。肯定变否定already 变 yet.He has already had breakfast.Have you watched the movie yet?No.I havent watched it yet.练一练 用 already或 yet填空。1.Have they taken down the old pictures _?No,not _.2.Most of us have finished our compositions _ 3.He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.(3)just 和 just now 表达时间，都可译成“刚刚”:just now 用于一般用于过去时，just 用于现在完成时。My father has just finished his work.He _(arrive)here just now.Tom _just_(leave)for Beijing.(4)ever ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中。Have you ever visited the Great Wall?(5)never never 意为“从来没有”,常与 before 连用。I have never been to such a beautiful place before.(6)before before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末。I havent been to Beijing before.(7)so far so far意为“到目前为止；迄今为止”,可放句首也可放句尾。Ive been to New York three times so far.(8)recently recently 意为“最近”，一般放句首。Prices have gone down recently.6.区别have gone to、have been to、have been in has/have been to+地点地点 去过某地(已经回来了)My father has been to Beijing a few times.has/have gone to+地点地点 去了某地(去某地的途中，还未回来)Mr Wang isnt here.He has gone to Qing Dao.has/have been in+地点地点 去了某地(待在了某地)常与时间状语连用 He has been in London for half a month.练一练 1.-Where is your father?-He _ Paris.2.I _ Paris several times and so I know it well.翻译 1.Jim has gone to London with his family.2.Have you been to Beijing before?3.The Greens have been in China for two years.单选 1.Mr.Li _Kunming.He _ the city three times.This time he _ Kunming for three days.A.has been to;has gone to;has been in B.has gone to;has been to;has been in C.has been in;has been to;has gone to D.has gone to;has been in;has been to 2.When will your sister go to England?She _ London since four months ago.A.went to B.has gone to C.has been to D.has been in 3.May I speak to your headmaster?Sorry,he isnt here.He _ to Guiyang on business.A.have gone B.has gone C.have been in D.has been 4.Where is your uncle?I havent seen him for a long time.He _ Beijing for about half a year.He moved there in January.A.has gone to B.has been to C.has arrived in D.has been in 7.延续性动词与非延续性动词：(1)时间段的表示：一般用 since 和 for 来表达时间段的概念,例：since two days ago=for two days(2)延续性动词与非延续性动词区别：延续性动词：能够持续或重复的动作，可以和时间段连用。非延续性动词：短暂或一次性动作，不能和时间段连用，除否定句。（begin,die,buy,leave 等）（leave(离开)是非延续性动词，而 not leave(没有离开)则是一种状态，因为“没有离开”其实就是“待在原处”，相当于 still stay there 之类的意思，所以它是延续了。）误：He has left here for three years.他离开这儿有三年了。正：He hasnt left here for three years.他已有三年没离开这儿了。非延续性动词-转换成-相应的延续性动词 buy have/own borrow keep come/go be in/at arrive be in/at open be open close be closed get up be up go out be out ill/sick be ill/sick put on wear/be on become be wake up be awake die be dead begin/start be on get to know know fall asleep be asleep get married be married join be in/be a member of leave be away(from)stop/end/finish be over catch a cold have a cold He bought the book three days ago.=He has had/owned the book for three days.=He has had/owned the book since three days ago.=It is three days since he bought the book.=It has been three days since he bought the book.=Three days has passed since he bought the book.练一练 1Could I _ your bicycle?Sure,and you can _ it for a week.A.borrow;borrow B.borrow;keep C.lend;lend D.lend;borrow 2How long have you _ this book?Aborrowed Blent Ckeep Dkept 3This is a really old bike.Yes,I _it for seven years.Ahave had Bhave bought Cbought Dhad bought 4 How happy your grandparents are!Yes,they _ for fifty years.Ahave married Bhave been married Chave got married Dmarried 5 How long have you _ your hometown?Since ten years ago.A.left Bbeen away from Ccome back to Dgave to 8.用于现在完成时的句子 It is the first/second time+that（从句用现在完成时）It is the first time that he has visited the Place Museum.This is+形容词最高级+that（从句用现在完成时）This is one of the most handsome faces that I have ever seen.It is/It has been+时间段+since It has been two years since we met last year.9.一般过去式和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时，发生在过去，不影响现在。时间状语：yesterday,last week,two years age,just now,in 2002 等 现在完成时，过去发生的持续影响到现在了，并且还要继续下去。的时间状语：just,already,ever,never,recently,since 等