中考英语宾语从句讲义.docx

宾语从句讲义宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。 歌诀解码如下一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、三关1. 引导词关假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和非凡疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，碰到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know _ he still _ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what color was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is    D. what's the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check   B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, I've no idea. A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really don't know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I don”t know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I liveC. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how             三、用合适的连接词填空1. Jim told me _ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They don't know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I don't know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型转换。1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)Tom's mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasn't decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I don't know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.学科网（北京）股份有限公司