高考英语语法定语从句的关系词及考点讲义.docx

2023年高中英语语法定语从句的关系词及考点一、什么叫关系代词什么叫关系代词？简单地说，它是用于引导定语从句的代词。我 们之所以把引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，是因为它们具有关联作 用，能把引导的从句与所修饰的词语联系起来。英语中的关系代词不多，主要有that. who. whom whose, which as等。其中who. whom只用干指人，which, as只用干指物，whose, that既可以指人也可指物。关系代词在定语从句主要用作主语、宾 语、表语或定语。如：Did you find the pen which you lost?你的钢笔找到 了吗？句中的which为关系代词，由它引导的定语从句which you lost 修饰名词the pen,which在定语从句中用作宾语，它也可以换成that, 或省略。A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller. 开店售书的人叫做书商。句中的who为关系代词，由它引导的定语从句who sells books in a shop修饰名词a man, who在定语从句中用作主语。二、关系代词与关系副词用于引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词根据其词性的不同， 可分为关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系词既起连接先行词 与定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。：主要有that, which, who. whom, whose, as等，它们在句子中可 用作主语（）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which. whose） o如：Is he the man that sells dogs?他就是卖狗的人吗？She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。I' ve found the book which I was looking for.我找到了 我要 找的书。She is the woman whose car was stolen,她就是汽车被盗的 那个女人。She is the woman whom I gave the money to她就是我给她钱 的那位妇女。He is absorbed in work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注 地工作，他过去经常这样。：主要有where,when,why等，它们在句子中主要用作状语。如:This is the town where I was born.这就是我出生的城市。Ir 11 never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不 会忘记第一次见你的那天。We don't know the reason why he didn't show up,我们不知 道他为什么没有来。三、常考关系副词的用法1.关系副词why用法说明关系副词why主要用于修饰表不原因的名词(主要是the reason), 同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：We don't know the reason why he didn't showup,我们不知道 他为什么没有来。She didn' t tell me the reason why she refused the offer 她 没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如：That' s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不 一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。 如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语 从句中用作地点状语。如：This is the village where he was born,这就是他出生的村 子。That' s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就 是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。Barbary was working in Augury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在团伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。与when的用法一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以 为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从 句中充当什么成分一一如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where； 如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不 能用where,而要用that, which等。如：He works in a factory that which makes TV sets. 他在一 家电视机厂工作。3.关系副词when用法说明关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从 句中用作时间状语。如：There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必 须做出抉择的时候到了。Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他 们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。We'11 put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词 when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分一 如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中 不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宦语，那就不能用when,而要 用 that which 等。如：Don't forget the time (that, which) I've told you.不要忘 记我告诉你的时间。四、关系代词that/which在定语从句中用作主语。关系代词that/which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因 为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。另外注意，where有时还可用于抽 象名词后引导定语从句。如：We have reached a point where a change is needed.我0至1J 了必须改一改的地步。There are cases where the word “mighty“ is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。I don't want a job where I'm chained to a desk all day. 我 不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。五、ofwhom和of wh i ch用法归纳：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。We' ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof.我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完 全防水的。；即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如：He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb.他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人 配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的 人群包围着。I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students.我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。:即。f用于构成所有格。如：He's written a book the name of which I've forgotten. 他 写了一本书，书名我给忘了。:即。f与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：He's married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他 与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意 为“听说”)注意：介词of后面除直接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能 是 whose。如：She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她 有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。