高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解8讲义.docx
高考3500高频词汇讲解81 > method一、 变形:methods (复数) 二、 词义:noun1)方法;办法of sth./of doing sth. 的办法fbr sth./for doing sth. 的办法eg: teaching method教学方法;教学法eg: cost method 成本eg: They are using a reliable method of data analysis to reduce air pollution.他们正在使用可靠的数据分析方法减少空气污染。2)条理3)类函数adj .使用体验派表演方法的三、近义词:approach:指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度, 常用approach to sthway: way的使用范围很广,但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。常用 way of doing / way to domeans:指实现目的的任何手段,或使用某种交通工具的方式。by means ofmanner:指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法,与动作有关。method:指有条理的,系统的办法,特别指新的办法。四、派生词:methodical有条不紊的Methodist循道宗信徒(18世纪从英国国教分离出来的基督教新教教徒)Methodology (从事某一活动的)方法;原则2、 shortage noun一、 变形:shortages (复数)二、词义:【C/U】n.1) 不足;缺少;短缺food食物短缺eg: The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.2) 缺点3、 root一、 变形:复数roots;过去式rooted;过去分词rooted;现在分词roots二、 词义:noun1)LC根;根茎eg: put down roots 生根; 定居eg: Her ankle caught on a root, and she almost lost her balance.她的脚踝被树根绊了一下,差点摔倒。2) C根源;起因eg: They were treating symptoms and not the root cause.他们是治标不治本。3) C词根经典搭配:root and branch 完全彻底take root 生根三、派生词Rooted 根源在于 eg: rooted to the spotRooter (运动队或运动员的)支持者4、 Discovery noun.一、 变形:食数 discoveries二、 词义:n.1) C,U发现;发觉-of sth.eg: He saw life as a voyage of discovery.他把生命看作是一次探索未知世界的旅行。2) C被发现的事物(或真相、人)eg: The drug is not a new discoveryit's been known about for years. 这种药并不是什么新发现一多年前便为人所知。三、派生词:discover发现5、 guide一、 词义:noun, verb复数guides1) 指南;手册to sth.eg: a guide to Family Health.家庭健康指南。2) 导游;向导 tour guide3) 指导者;指引者a spiritual -神修指导者4) 有指导意义的事务;指导的事务eg: I let my feelings be my guide.我是跟着感觉走。v. 过去式 guided 过去分词guided 现在分词guiding1)指路-sb. to/through/around sth.给某人领路eg: He took the bewildered Elliott by the arm and guided him out.他抓着不知所措的埃利奥特的胳膊,把他带了出来。2)影响行为eg: He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。3)阐明sb. through sth.向某人阐明eg: The health and safety officer will guide you through the safety procedures.卫生安全官员将向你把安全规程解释一遍。二、派生词:guiding给予指导的;有影响的guideway导槽;导轨;导路guideline指导方针;指导原则;行动纲领;准则6、 relief一:词义:复数reliefs1) U, sing.(不快过后的)宽慰,轻松;解脱a sense of-解脱感Eg: We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.他走了以后,我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。2) U - from/of sth.的消除、减轻Eg :the relief of suffering 痛苦的消除3) U(给灾区或交战地区人民提供的)救济,救援物品Eg: famine -饥荒救济物资4) U救济金5) U支付按揭利息的税收减免6) U9 sing. - from sth.(暂时替代单调乏味的事物)调剂,轻松场面Eg: There was little comic relief in his speech.他的演讲少有轻松幽默的地方。7)【U,C】浮雕;浮雕法;浮雕作品Eg: The column was decorated in high relief with scenes from Greek mythology.柱子上饰有描述希腊神话中的场面的浮雕。二、经典搭配:Relief map (用不同颜色表示地势高低的)地形图,地势图,地貌图Relief road (交通高峰时减缓拥堵的)疏导路,旁道三、派生词Relieve V.减轻,解除;调剂7、 deliver verb一、 变形:过去式: delivered 过去分词: delivered 现在分词: delivering 第三 人称单数:delivers二、词义:1)递交;传递;交付;运载 sth. to sb./ sth.Eg: I have orders to deliver it to Mr. Demiris personally.我奉命要把它送给德米里斯先生本人。2)发表; 宣布; 发布 a speech/lecture 发表演讲3)onsth.履行诺言;兑现Eg: If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you are fired.如果你不能按照要求提高销售额,就会被解雇。4)交出;移交 sb./ sth. (up/over) (to sb.)Eg: They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.他们把俘虏交给了侵略军。5) 助产;接生a baby6) 投掷;把瞄准;用对准Eg: He delivered the blow with all his force.他打这一下使出了全身力气。7)sb. from sth.解救;拯救;使摆脱三、派生词:delivery ri.传递;交付deliverable noun usually pL应交付的产品deliverancefrom sth.解救;拯救;解脱8、wrap verb, noun一、词义:Verb. 过去式: wrapped 过去分词: wrapped 现在分词: wrapping 第三人称单数:wraps1) - sth. (up) (in sth.)包,裹(礼物等)Eg: Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up the family presents.黛安娜利用这个机会将家人的礼物包起来。2)A(up) in B|B round/around A用包裹(或包扎、覆盖等)Eg: I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket.我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。3) - sth. around/ round sth./sb.用缠绕(或围紧)Eg: A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。4)sth. around/ round (使文字)换行Eg: The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen.如果文本太长,在显示屏放不下的话,会自动换行。二、经典搭配be wrapped up in sb./sth. 专心致志于; 全神贯注于wrap up| wrap it up (slang)住口;闭嘴;别再捣乱wrap up| wr叩 sb./yourself up (使)穿得暖和点wrap sth. up (informal)圆满完成;顺利结束(协议或会议等)eg: That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。三、 noun 复数: wraps1) C(女用)围巾,披肩2) U包裹(或包装)材料3)【sing.】(拍摄电影时)完成拍摄,停机eg: Cut! Thafs a wrap.停!就拍摄到这儿。4) C墨西哥卷(用冻玉米薄饼裹肉或蔬菜而成的三明治)经典搭配:under wraps (informal)保密,隐藏eg: Next year's collection is still being kept under wraps.明年的时装系列仍在保密之中。四、派生词wrapped adj.极高兴的;十分满意的wrapper n.包装纸,包装塑料9、 standard noun, adj.一、 词义:noun 复数: standards1) QU - ofsth.(品质的)标准,水平,规格,规范eg: Wc aim to maintain high standards of customer care.我们的宗旨是始终以高标准为顾客服务。2) C? usually pl.正常的水平;应达到的标准3) pl.行为标准;道德水准eg: Standards are not what they used to be.现在的行为标准和过去不一样了。4) C法定度量衡标准5) C仪式上使用的旗帜;(尤指)军旗二、adj.1)普通的;正常的;标准的eg: A standard letter was sent to all candidates.给所有求职者均寄去了 一封标准函。2)(符合)标准的:按一定规格制作的3)权威的4)(拼写、读音、语法等)标准的;规范的三、经典搭配:standard-bearer 旗手;领袖四、派生词standardize (-ise) v.使标准化 contract 标准化合同standardization (-isation) n.使标准化10、conscience noun一、变形:复数:consciences二、词义:1) C, U良心;良知to have a clear/guilty -问心无愧/有愧2)【U,C】内疚;愧疚eg: She was seized by a sudden pang of .她突然感到一阵内疚。3)【U】凭良心in (all/good)-公正地,公平地,凭良心on your -使人内疚;良心不安ril write and apologize. Tve had it on my for weeks.我要写信道歉。几个星期以来我都为此良心不安。11、wage noun, verb一、词义:复数:wages1)(通常指按周领的)工资,工钱-demands工资要求 cuts减薪 earner挣钱的人;挣工资的人二、verb 过去式: waged 过去分词: waged 现在分词: waging 第三人称 单数:wages1) - sth. (against/ on sb./sth.)开始,发动,进行,继续(战争、战斗等)eg: The rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 2001.反叛者自2001年以来一直进行游击战争。三、派生词1. waged adj.领工资的;有定期付酬工作的;支取工资的;带新的the工薪阶层2. wager n./v.打贝者12、partner noun, verb一、词义:n. 复数: partners1)配偶2)合伙人 a junior/senior- 次要、主要合伙人中国合伙人American Dreams in China3)搭档;同伴;舞伴a dancing/tennis, etc.舞伴、网球搭档等4)伙伴(与另一国家有协议关系的国家或组织)a trading贸易伙伴> verb 过去式: partnered 过去分词: partnered 现在分词: partnering 第 三人称单数:partners(在跳舞、游戏等中)结成伙伴,做搭档,配对eg: Gerry offered to me at tennis.格里提出和我搭档打网球。三、派生词partnership伙伴关系;合伙人身份13> firm adj.9 verb, noun, adv.一、词义:noun 复数:firms商行; 商号; 公司 an engineering - 工程公司二、 adj.1) (firmer, firmest)坚固的;坚硬的eg: These peaches are still firm. 这些桃子还很硬。2)坚定的;确定的;坚决的a - believer in socialism 坚定社会主义的人3)牢固的;稳固的eg: No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage.没有稳固的基础,建筑就不牢靠,婚姻也是如此。4)坚决的;强有力的5)牢牢控制的;严格的;掌握的to exercise - control/discipline实施严格的控 制、纪律6) - against sth.坚挺的变形:firmness经典搭配:be on firm ground立场坚定,对事实确信无疑a firm hand牢固控制;严格纪律;铁腕take a firm line/stand/stand (on/ against/ sth.)采取坚定的立场(或态度)三、adv. hold firm to sth.坚信;坚持stand fast> firm坚定不移;不让步;坚持自己的观点四 verb 过去式: firmed 过去分词: firmed 现在分词: firming 第三人称 单数:firms1)使强壮;使坚固;使坚实eg: This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。2) to/at.(股票、物价等)坚挺;稳步上涨经典搭配:firm up变坚固;变坚实firm up sth.最后落实;敲定The company has not yet firmed up its plans fbr expansion.公司的扩大计划尚未最后落实。四派生词firmly adv.坚固地14、correct adj., verb一、词义:adj.1)准确无误的the - answer正确答案2)恰当的,合适的eg: Do you know the correct way to shut the machine down?你知道这台机器该怎么关吗?3)(举止言谈)符合公认准则的,得体的eg: a - young lady举止得体的年 轻女士二、派生词correctly 正确地correctness noun U正确性三、verb1)改正;纠正 mistakes改正错误2)批改;改eg: I spend all night correcting essays.我整晚都在批改论文。correction noun, exclamation一n.1) C改正,纠正;修正eg: I made a few small s to your report.我对你的报告做了几处修改。2) U改正的行动(过程)exclamation (informal)(想纠正刚说过的话就用)改正;纠正eg: I don't know. Correction. -I do know, but I am not going to tell you.我不知道。不,我知道不假,但不打算告诉你。二、近义词辨析15、data noun在科技英语中用作复数,其单数形式为datum一、词义:1) LU, pl.数据;资料;材料eg: This data was collected from 69 countries.这资料是从69个国家收集来的。2) U(存储在计算机中的)数据资料 retrieval数据检索二、派生词database (存储在计算机中的)数据库16、patience noun一、词义:1)耐心;忍耐with sb./sth.eg: She has little patience with such views.她很难接受这类观点。2)毅力;坚忍;恒心patient noun, adj.一、词义 n. 复数 patients1)接受治疗者,病人(尤指医院里的)cancer癌症病人2)(某个医生或牙医等的)病人二、adj.1)有耐心的;能忍耐的 with sb./sth.三、派生词patiently adv.耐心地17> pile noun, verb一、词义n.复数piles1) C摞;垛;沓 eg: a - of books/ clothes/ bricks 一摞书籍/衣服/砖块2) C堆;成堆的东西a - of sand 一堆沙3) C9 usually pl.of sth.大量,许多eg: He walked out leaving a pile of debts behind him.他走了,留下累累债务。4) U9 sing.绒头,容貌 eg: a deep-pile carpet 一块厚绒地毯二、verb过去式:piled过去分词:piled现在分词:piling第三人称单数: piles1)堆放;叠放sth.up2)放置;装入 A in(to)/on(to) B| B with Aeg:He piled his plate with as much food as he could.=He piled as much food as he could onto his plate.他把食物猛往自己盘子里堆。3)蜂拥;拥挤经典搭配:on the agony/gloom 伤 口 上撒盐pile on剧增;猛增pile sth. on使迅速增加;猛增pile sth. on(to) sb.给增加工作pile up堆积;积压18、operation noun一、词义:复数S1) C手术on sb. for sth. |to do sth.2) C(有组织的)活动,行动 eg: a security -安全行动3)【包括许多部分的】企业,公司eg: a huge multinational -庞大的跨国公 司4)C, U运算,运作二、常用搭配:in工作中;使用中;有效come into开始工作;开始生效put sth. into实施;启用三、派生词原形:operate运转;操作;使用;动手术on sb. for sth.operational adj.操作的,运转的19> level noun, adj.verb一.词义:n.复数levels1)【C】(某时某情况下存在的)数量,成者E,浓度a relatively high/low - of crime相对高/低的罪案数字2) QU标准;水平eg: I refuse to sink to their level.我不愿堕落到他们那种地步。3)U,C】层次;级别board董事会4) QU(与地面或过去位置相对的)高度eg: The floodwater nearly reached roof level.洪水几乎涨到屋顶。二、adj.1)平坦的level ground平地2)等高的;地位相同的-with sth.eg: This latest rise is intended to keep wages level with inflation.最近这次加薪的目的是使工资与通货膨胀保持相同水平。3)得分相同with sb.eg: A good second round brought him level with the tournament leader.他第二轮发挥良好,与锦标赛领先选手得分持平。常用搭配:be level pegging 势均力敌do/try your level best to do sth. 竭尽全力a level playing field人人机会均等三、verb1) - sth. off/out 使平坦2)摧毁,夷平(建筑物或树林)3)使相似;使平等4)(尤指用枪),瞄准常用搭配:level the playing field创造人人机会均等的局面level sth. against/ at sb.(尤指因某人犯罪或错误而)公开指责,谴责level sth. down 使(标准、数量等)降至同等水平四、派生词levelly adv.冷静地;平静地levelern.使人人平等的事(或局面)20> option noun、词义:n.1) C,U可选择的事物;选择of doing sth.|to do sth.eg: Students have the option of studying abroad in their second year.学生在二年级时可以选择出国学习。2) C选修课3) C(未来的)买卖选择权on sth. |to do sth.4) C选项常用搭配:keep/leave your options open 保留选择余地;暂不决定the soft/ easy option轻松的选择;捷径二、派生词optional adj.可选择的;选修的