高中英语学业水平考试知识点总结.docx

高中英语学业水平考试知识点总结如下:【重点句型】1> Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件 状语从句，可以和if.not.引导的否定状语从句互换。Unless you change your mind, I won, t be able to help you.=lf you don?t change your mind, I won ' t be able to help you.除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.=1 want you to keep working if I don' t tell you to stop.如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。注意：unless不可用于假想的事情，因此当if.not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unlesso例题：单项填空AII the dishes in this menu,otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. As B. if C. though D. unless解析：选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外 说明，会给两到三个人食用。Don' t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure.A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless解析：选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。2、John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当时,突然”。常用结构：be doing.when.正在做突然had done.when.刚做了突然be about to do.when.刚要做突然be on the point of doing sth. when. 刚要做突然例题：单项填空She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playingthe piano yesterday.A. When B. while C. after D. since解析：选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.A. When B. while C. until D. before解析：选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然 暴风雨来了。I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident.A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred解析：选c。主句要用过去进行时，表示当时正在路上走着;when引导的从句多用一 般过去时。【重点词组】1、because of因为(注意和because的区别)2、even if (二even thoug)即使，用来引导让步状语从句3、come up走上前来，走近，发生，出现come up with追上，赶上，提出4、communicate with sb 和某人交流5、 be different from与不同be different in 在方面不同Most of my projects are different in performance.我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。6、be based on以为基础7、at present 目前，眼下 for the present 眼前;暂时8、make (good/better/full)use of9、the latter 后者 the former 前者10> a large number of 大量的 the number of 的数量11、such as 例如12、hold on坚持住，握住不放乂打电话时)等一会13、 you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.你会听出人们在说话时的差异。14、play a role/ part (in)在中担任角色;在中起作用;扮演一个角色15、the same as 与一样16、at the top of在顶上A t the bottom of 在底音B17、bring up教养，养育;提出18、request sb (not) to do sth.要求某人做/不要做某事19、be satisfied with对感到满意,满足于20、 suggest v. (request, insist-)1 suggested you do what he says.我建议你按照他说的去做。I suggest you not go tomorrow.我想你明天还是不要去 了。His pale face suggested that he was in bad health,他苍白的脸暗示他身体不好。注意：insist意思为“坚持要求”时后面的that从句用虚拟语气；如果insist意 为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didn, t tell a lie.她坚持认为她没撒谎。21> according to-".按照根据【重点时态】一、一般过去时1、一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与 过去时间 yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before when - clause, in the past 连用。如：What did you do yesterday?昨天你干了什么？I met Lin Tao this morning.今天上午我会到了林涛。(3)1 was there a moment ago.冈ij才我在那儿。2、一般过去时的应用(1)表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Liu Ying was in America last year.刘英去年在美国。Jim rang you just now.吉姆刚才给你打了电话。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如：We often went out for a walk after supper.我们过去常在晚饭后散步。We usually played together.我们通常一起玩。3、一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规 则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则： 般在动i司后力口-ed。 如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroydestroyed, sign一signed.在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：like一liked, provide一provided, hate 一 hated, date一dated o在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i,再加一ed。如：supply一supplied, fly一flied, study一 studied.在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最 后个辅音字母， 再力口-ed。 如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, ban一banned.4、特别说明有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted等一般过去时，后接不 定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的 意图、打算或希望。如：I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. I had hoped to be invited tohis wedding ceremony.我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I intended to have joined their games. I had intended to join their games. 我本 打算参加他们的比赛。二、一般过去将来时1、概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2、时间状语：The next day (morning, year)；the following month(week-),etc.3、基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它4、否定形式： 主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.5、一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。6、例句： He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。三、现在进行时1、概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2、时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen3、基本结构：主语+be+doing +其它4、否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其它5、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6、例句： How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。【重点单词】1、win, beat, defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语winv 赢，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition.beat +对手，表打败（尤指体育比赛）I can easily beat him at golf.©defeat 表战胜，接对手 The enemy was defeated in the battle.2、in the end, finally, at last三者均可表示“（经过周折、等待、耽误）最后，终于”之意。不同的是：finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而at last与in the end的位置则较为灵活； 三者中at last语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.另外，finally还可用在列举事项时,引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。例如：Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.3、by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea©by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同by ship同义。These heavy boxes should be sent by sea. by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by （at） the seasideo The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day. in the sea "在海里, 在海水中“ There are many plants and animals in the sea.on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea. at sea 在海上;在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.4、be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.beafraid意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后 可接so或not,也可接that从句。11m afraid (that)其语意相当于I'm sorry, but。-Are we on time?我们准时吗？-I'm afraid not.恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事"。She is afraid to be here alone./ He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge. be afraid of (doing) sth,常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)I was afraid of hurting her feelings.5、live, living, alive, lively(1) live adj. 活的;活生生的;(只修饰生物;只作前置定语)The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys. 实况直播的(不是录音)lt wasrTt a recorded show. It was live. 带电的;燃着的;可爆炸的This is a live wire.(2) living adj.活着的,有生命的(作表语或定语)She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living.(或 alive)(3) alive adj.活着的;有活力的;有生气作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?作表语： Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.(4) lively adj.活泼的;有生气的;活跃的(作表语或定语)The music is bright and lively.