高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义.docx

名词性从句一、定义所谓名词性从句，就是把完整的句子当作名词来使用，在另一个句子中充当某种 成分。一般来讲，名词在句中主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同样, 我们可以把一个完成的句子当作名词来使用，在另一个句子中充当这四种成分，于是 便有了我们常说的四种名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。当作名词的句子：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。这三种句子不是直接在另 一个句子中作成分，而是做以下调整。二、调整(1)用陈述句作成分时，需要在陈述句句首加that来引导。陈述句名词从句解释English is interesting.That English is interesting is not my idea.陈述句作主语，构成主语从句。She lives here.1 know that she lives here.陈述句作宾语，构成宾语从句。We should stay calm.My idea is that we should stay calm.陈述句作表语，构成表语从句。We won the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.陈述句作同位语，补充 说明the news,构成同位 语从句。以保留原句的疑问意义。(2)用一般疑问句作成分，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序，然后在一般疑问句名词从句解释句首加上whether或if (if只用在宾语从句中)来引导,Will he come to my party?Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.一般疑问句作主语，构成主语从句。Does he need my help?1 don/t know if/whether he needs my help.般疑问句作宾语，构 成宾语从句。Will people live on the moon someday?My question is whether people will live on the moon someday.一般疑问句作表语，构成表语从句。Is there life on other planets?Scientists argued the question whether there is life on other planet.一般疑问句作同为据， 补充说明the question, 构成同位语。（3）用特殊疑问句作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序。特殊疑问句名词从句解释Why did dinosaurs become extinct?Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.特殊疑问句作主语，构成 主语从句。Where is the office?1 don/t know where the office is.特殊疑问句作宾语，构成 宾语从句。What are we badly in need of?Money is what we are badly in need of.特殊疑问句作表语，构成 表语从句。When will he be back?1 have no idea when he will be back.特殊疑问句作同位语，补 充说明idea,构成同位语 从句。三、常用引导词名词从句的引导词对应的句子类型是否作成分连词：that陈述句不作成分连词：whether, if一般疑问句不作成分连接副词：when, where, why, how连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose特殊疑问句when, where, why, how 在从句 中状语；who, whom, what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which, whose在从句 中作定 于，后面接名词连用。见主语从句(1) that引导的主语从句句型that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的情况较少，例如:That he doesn't understand English is obvious.That the world is round is a fact.更常见的是it作形式主语置于句首而将that引导的主语从句放在句末。It is obvious that he doesn/t understand English.It is a fact that the world is round.常见的主语从句句型(l)lt is +过去分词+ that从句：It's reported that.据报道It's believed that人们相信(2) It is +形容词+that从句It is +名词短语+that从句It is a pity that可惜的是It +不及物动词或其短语+that从句：seem, appear, turn out, come about等。It seems that.彳以乎It turns out that结果证明是五、宾语从句宾语从句的位置1)在及物动词后作宾语I've learned that love, not time heals all wounds.I think that he is fit for the job.2）在双宾语动词后作直接宾语Could you tell me where the post office is?Tell me who has been elected president of the committee.3）在介词后作宾语That depends on how hard you work.4）在某些形容词后作宾语：I am afraid that I can't come.I am sure that we shall succeed.5)宾语从句后置复合宾语结构中：动词+it形式宾语+宾语补足语+that宾语从句We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor.(2)that在宾语从句中省略的问题一般来讲，that引导宾语从句时，可将that省去，但若是几个宾语从句并列使用, 则连词that不可省去。(3) if 还是 whetherIf 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导宝库哦宾语从句在内的名词从句。If he comes or not makes no difference.(x)不用 if 弓| 导主语从句，if 不与 or not 连用。Whether he comes or not makes no difference. ( V)六、表语从句(1)表语从句通常置于系动词，尤其是is后边。a. This is where our basic interest lies.b. Change is what keeps us fresh and innovative. Change is what keeps us from getting stale. Change is what keeps us young.(2)名词reason后面的表语从句一般用that引导，而不用because。The reason why he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible.七、同位语从句同位语，用来补充说明名词的成分。同位语从句位于名词后边，用来进一步说明 签名名词的内容，形式上构成“名词+that+陈述句”的结构。为了方便理解，同学们思 考两个句子：1)花果山水帘洞美猴王，齐天大圣孙悟空来也。2)我胡汉三又回来了。“名词+that+陈述句”句型a. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.b. There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability.(2) “名词+其他成分+that+陈述句a. Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.b. A saying goes that practice makes perfect.