2024届高考英语复习真题熟词生义汇总讲义.docx

（结合2000-2023高考真题语料）高中英语熟词生义absent熟义adj.缺席的生义adj.茫然的，心不在焉的1. Failure to provide enough chaperones （监护人）will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.（2022.全国新高考 H 卷）如果未能提供足够的监护人，将会因每位缺席的成人额外收费50美元。2. Many students are absent from class.（2014.四卷）很多学生上课缺席。3'Nothing,' Rosie said in an absent way.“没什么，”罗茜心不在焉地说。4.She looked up with an absent smile.她抬头，露出一个恍惚的微笑。abuse熟义V.滥用；谩骂生义V.虐待n.滥用；妄用IThe main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues （问题）such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.（2013.福建卷）论坛的主题是年轻人如何在政治和公共生活中推动变革。它涉及了如毒品滥用、暴力和失业 等问题。2 'You are clearing too much land, ' warned one old man. The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it.（2013.江西卷）你们破坏了太多的土地，一个老人警告说。土地是有生命的。如果你虐待它，它会反击你。add熟义V.添加生义V.补充说1. Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.（2020.全国 II 卷）书面交流经常可能读起来冷淡和乏味。使用表情符号可以增加幽默和情感，使意图更加明确。2. Start with herbs, she recommends, because "they' re very forgiving. " Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level, “ she added. "I think it，s a great place to start. ”（2015.湖北卷）她建议从草本植物开始，因为“它们非常宽容:即使只是少量的草药，“也可以让你的常规 烹饪达到一个全新的水平J她补充说。“我认为这是一个很好的起点Jaddress熟义n.地址，住址，（互联网等的）地址；演说；演讲生义V.称呼；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理；向说话1. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony. （2022 .全国乙卷）years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. ”（2014.山东卷）穆姆贝特的墓碑依然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地上。碑文部分内容如下：“她出 生时是一个奴隶，而且近三十年都是奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的领域里，她无 人能及。”4. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it wou 1 d be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.（2020.江苏卷）但并非所有的幽默感都是平等的。所以我认为，提供一些日常生活中的幽默小贴士会很有帮 助。5. It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point , they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.（2014.全国新课标I卷）据计算，当旅鸽的数量达到最高点时，它们的数量超过了 30亿一一这个数字相当于美国总鸟 类数量的24%到40%,这可能使旅鸽成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。6. None of us can equal her.没人能比得上她。exercise熟义Vt,练习n.锻炼【U】；练习【C】生义vt.行使、运用（能力、权力）；发挥一1. It helps to exercise a person' s mind.（2021 .全国新高考 I 卷）它有助于锻炼人的思维。2. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic （无氧）exercisebalance training and weight training一three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（2022.全国新高考H卷）第一组参与了每周三次的无氧运动项目一一平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每 周进行四次或更多次的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组在心脏健康方面取得了显著的改善。3. He didn，t exercise good judgment.他没能做出正确的判断。favo （u）r熟义U赞同；支持；C帮助；好事；恩惠生义U偏爱;偏袒V.较喜欢，选择；优惠；特别照顾；偏袒；有利/助于1. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.（2020.全国甲卷）请求美国总统的帮助并非是件轻松的事情，特别是对于一个十七岁的女孩。2. Ne' d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. （2020.湖匕卷）我们会在淋浴的温水下站立更长的时间，停止考虑任务，以换取多几分钟的放松时间。3. Hey, can I ask you a favor?（2013.浙江卷）嘿，我可以请你帮个忙吗？4. I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.（2007.全国 I卷）我写信是想问您能否帮我个忙。5. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking.（2014.辽宁卷）越来越多的学生喜欢用笔记本电脑做笔记。6. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I' d been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up.（2013.陕西卷）我认为这是一个机会，让我回报几十年前某人给予我的帮助。我停下车并接他上车。7. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result , at the point in our game when I'd have predicted （预计）the score to be 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9-and Ed was leading.（2003 .全国卷）我的堂兄一定付出了努力来使自己变得更健壮。因此，在我们比赛的那个时刻，当我预测比 分会是我9他1,对我有利时，实际上是7比9而且Ed领先。8. Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain, s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy, s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.（2013.山东卷）皮尔逊面临着关于Sparrow品牌未来的斗争。这个连锁店的所有者现在更倾向于将Sparrow 重新品牌为Marcy's餐厅。皮尔逊反对，主张进行一场广告活动，旨在说服顾客到Sparrow餐厅 是有趣的。在那个时候，尝试在公司和公众之间建立积极关系是不寻常的。figure熟义：n.数字；人像；画像；图；图表生义n.人物v.领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计1. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. （2013.江苏卷） 吐温是一个堪比亚伯拉罕林肯的令人敬仰的人物。2. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as we11 as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income £30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. （2015.四川卷）该研究考察了母亲们从事的各种工作以及她们的工作时间，以确定这个数字。这将使她们的 年收入比首相多出30, 000英镑。3. Vinnie' s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. （2020.天津卷）文妮的脸变红了。她意识到自己看起来像个孩子，她的身材娇小。4This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What wou 1 d she think if she knew that her figure is captured（捕捉）and frozen on some stranger, s bedroom wall?（2017.天津卷）这张照片，展示了我眼前独特的美景和那个“破坏”这美景的女人，现在挂在我的卧室墙上。 如果她知道她的身影被捕捉并冻结在某个陌生人的卧室墙上，她会怎么想呢？5 . We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.（2014.辽宁卷）我们对您的道歉和善意表示感谢，但我们希望您能找到一个好的方法来解决这个问题。6 .Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he wou1d later call an eco-machine.（2013.全国新课标I卷）哪种鱼可以吃掉致癌化学物质呢？他想，如果选择正确的动物和植物组合，也许他可以像自然界那样清理废物。他决定建造他后来称之为生态机的设备。gift熟义n.礼物生义n.天赋 vt.白送1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.（2015.重庆卷）巴赫在1750年去世，但直到19世纪初，他的音乐天赋才得到了充分的认可。2. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.（2020.全国卷 III）人们通常会在礼品登记册上登记一些常见的物品，包括像刀具这样的厨房工具和窗帘等物品。3. They gifted their opponents a goal.他们白送给对方一分。4. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.（2016.全国I卷）弗兰克赫利，一位自信且有才华的澳大利亚摄影师，他熟悉南极，被聘请来拍摄这些照片， 其中大部分照片以前从未公开过。hit熟义vt,打生义vt.袭击；使受到严重影响；使想起；达到（目标、水平等）；到达（某地）n.撞击；巨大成功；受欢迎的人（或事物）1. One summer, I remember, a drought （旱灾）hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert. （2013.天津）我记得有一个夏天，安大略省遭受了干旱，变成了一个炽热的沙漠。2. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1. 4 times their body weight with each step. （2020全国 I 卷）根据她的研究，跑步者每步落地时产生的力量可能高达他们体重的四倍，而竞走者由于双脚 不离地，每步产生的力量仅约为他们体重的L4倍。3. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. （2014.全国新课标 II 卷）它让你有机会发现新的想法和食谱，这些都能很好地适应你的食欲和时间安排。4. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.（2021.北京卷）当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然意识到那天我们要组装的每一个物资包最终都会 送到伊拉克儿童的手中。5.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie' s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city' s bridges closed.（2016 .北京卷）2012年10月29日，海洋变得狂暴。那天晚上，飓风桑迪袭击了东海岸，而Rockaway受到 的打击尤为严重。幸运的是，Natalie的家人在城市的桥梁关闭之前短暂地逃到了布鲁克林。6. But because success is a moving target一as soon as you hit your target, you raise it againthe happiness that results from success does not last long.（2012.江苏卷）但由于成功是一个移动的目标旦你达到你的目标，你就会再次提升它一一因此，来自成功的快乐并不会持续很久。7.Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in , Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.（2011.江苏卷）令人惊讶的是，棒球被交给了 Shayo每个人都知道击中球几乎是不可能的。第一个投球来了， Shay没有击中。投手再次向前走了几步，轻轻地把球扔向Shay。当球投出来时，Shay挥棒击球, 将一个缓慢的滚地球直接打回了投手。8. The show was a （smash/big） hit.这场演出非常成功。9. The pony ride was/made a big hit at the party.在派对上骑小马很受人欢迎。10. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area" s annual pony drift （迁移）. （2015.5胡匕卷）尽管有标志告诫他们不要这么做，但是，游客们仍然不断地给小马们喂食，导致这里的小马 们调皮捣蛋。喂小马的行为增加了它们被汽车撞到的风险，并且在该地区一年一度的小马迁移期 间，会使得它们更难以聚集起来。hold熟义vt.拿着，握着；举行，召开生义vt.使身体保持某种姿势；抑制，控制；容纳；拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）； 认为；保持，继续1. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. （2022.全国新高考 H 卷）想象一下这个场景：我的孙子坐在我膝盖上，我把书举在前面，这样他就能看到书中的图片。2. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.（2021 .全国新高考I卷）工作人员为客人们举办了许多酒吧活动，比如免费烈酒试饮、酒吧跳转和卡拉0K。3. The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.（2014 .北京卷）熊猛击相机，将其从三脚架上打落。我抬起左臂保护我的脸；这只猛兽紧紧抓住三脚架，将 其压向我的身侧。我的手臂不能动，我感觉我的骨头就要断了。4. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.（2016.四川卷）母大熊猫用前爪抱着宝宝，就像人类一样。5. They could hold their attention for long.（2019.全国III 卷）他们能长时间地保持注意力集中。6. Some people believe that they can, t help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.（2014.重庆卷）有些人认为随着年龄的增长，他们无法阻止体重的增加，而另一些人则认为如果他们停止锻 炼，他们的肌肉会变成脂肪。7. Mrs Thatcher held the post of prime minister longer than anyone else last century.撒切尔夫人在上个世纪担任首相的时间比任何其他人都要长。8. I d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.（2013.重庆卷）我本以为可以忍受到我的牙医从假期回来，但是疼痛真的无法忍受。我开始打电话给电话簿 上的牙医，但没有人能立即看我。9. He smiled and said. " She doesn' t know me, but I know who she is. " I had to hold back tears as he left.（2010.全国I卷）他微笑着说：“她不认识我，但我知道她是谁。”当他离开时，我不得不强忍住泪水。10. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk.（2013.浙江卷）在生命的最初几天，婴儿会接近并紧紧抓住环境中几乎任何大的、温暖的、软的物体，特别 是如果那个物体还能给它奶。11. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status. （2020.浙江卷）即使科学家们考虑了参与者的整体健康状况，这个结果仍然是成立的。12. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters一from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim一were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.（2018 .浙江卷）1870年，当狄更斯去世时，世界以其首位职业作家和出版商的身份为他哀悼，他在小说的出 版和读者群的扩大上引领了一次爆发，他的角色一一从奥利弗特维斯特到小提姆一一被视为道 德的试金石。如今，狄更斯的伟大地位无人质疑。land熟义n.陆地，土地 v.（使）登陆生义vt .捕（鱼），抓住或钓上（鱼）；成功得到（工作）1. China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. （2020.全国I卷）中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆宇宙飞船的国家。2. Congratulations!v Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.（2013.山东卷）恭喜！”吉米坐下来，他们共享了一杯应得的咖啡，因为他找到了一份新工作。3. It wasn' t until 1980 - 32 years into his career 一 that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!（2021 .浙江卷）直到1980年一一他的职业生涯已经过去32年一一他在飞机大战中获得了他似乎天生就 应该扮演的角色。4. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: " Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that5 s what mattered一landing tricks, being a good skater.（2021.全国甲卷）几分钟后，当我完成了那个特技，我的朋友们大声地敲打他们的滑板，大喊：“成功！成功！ 成功！”这就是重要的一一完成特技，成为一个优秀的滑板手。last熟义adj.最后的vt.持续，延续；使得以维持生义adj.最不可能的；最不适当的ISea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.（2014 .北京卷）墨尔本海洋生物水族馆每年的每一天，包括公众假期，都从上午9:30开放至下午6:00。最 后的入场时间是在下午5:00,即在关闭前的一小时。2. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night, s leftovers - it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.（2009.全国 II 卷）所以早上要吃点东西，无论是什么。我知道很多朋友最后完全不吃早餐，只是喝咖啡或橙汁。 我建议，试试加热昨晚的剩菜-这听起来可能有点疯狂，但如果对你有用，就去做吧！我发现， 如果我告诉自己，“你总是可以明天吃J3. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn, t last through 30 more minutes of the bear" s punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.（2020.浙江卷）埃利和我都担心围栏无法经受住熊接下来30分钟的猛攻。营地经理建议我使用辣椒喷雾。4. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.（2020.全国新高考II卷）在过去的七年里，大多数州已经禁止驾驶员在驾驶时发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种方 法来说服人们在驾驶时放下手机。5. The last thing she needed was more work.她最不需要的就是更多的工作。6. After a long while, he at last found his voice:"Hey!Whose Christmas miracle is this?” （2013 .湖北卷）过了很长一段时间，他终于找回了声音：“嘿！这是谁的圣诞奇迹？ ”lead熟义Vt.领导 n.铅生义Vt .通向（to）;导致（to）;（在比赛中）领先；过（生活）n.榜样，带头作用1. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. （2014 .广东卷）我被要求领导一个由当地人组成的小团队，建造一所新的学校。2. If it' s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead you back to the classroom. （2014.四川卷）如果是错误的警报，没有火灾，你的老师会带领你们返回教室。3. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.（2012 .浙江卷）只有接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。4. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.（2012全国课标卷）但是其他方法，比如和你信任的人交谈，可以帮助你解决问题，或者至少会让你感觉好一些。1. In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead, with more tactics （策略）.（2015.重庆卷）在古埃及，一位店主发现他仅仅通过改变店铺的环境就能吸引客户。现代商业一直在效仿他 的做法，并使用了更多策略。6. Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney （肾