高中语法形容词副词讲义高三英语二轮复习.docx

形容词&副词一、形容词定义：形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类二、形容词的句法功能1、定语+名词、代词,说明其性质特征:She is a nice girl.作定语时的位置：一般位于被修饰词前面，以下情况除外：修饰不定代词时，something new, anywhere safe基数词+时间/度量单位的名词+形容词时：10 metres wide2、连系动词+表语，说明主语的性质特征等：The tea is very strong.3、补足语 说明主语或宾语的性质特征：Don't make your parents angry.4、状语,侧重说明主语的状态:Tired and hungry,he had to stop working.三、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化：一般在词尾加-er, -est以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r, -st以重读闭音节结尾，且只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est其他双音节词和多音节词：词前加more, most不规则变化bad/ill->worse-*worst； much/manymore->most； goodbetter->best；far->farther/furtherfarthest/furthest； littleless-*least oldf older/eldeLoldest /eldest形容词比较等级的句式结构和用法1、A+be+形容词比较级than+B：表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况在形容词、副词的比较级前还可以用much, a little, alot等来修饰，表示”得多”甚至”“ 更" Our city is much more beautiful than yours.表示”是几倍，大几岁，高几厘米”时，可用”倍数/数量词+比较级+than ”。Our room is twice larger than theirs.2、as+形容词原级+as：表示”和一样”倍数的表达方法times as+形容词原级+as（是的几倍），在英语中，两倍用twice,三倍及三倍以上用 three/four. timeso This garden is ten times as large as that one.half as+形容词原级+as （的一半）。3、 My handwriting is not half as good as yours.4、比较级+and+比较级：表示“越来越”5、the+比较级,the+比较级：表示"越,就越6、A+be+the形容词最高级of/in：表示" A在某范围内是最的”用于三者或三者以 上的比较，形容词最高级一般加the.副词前可不加the在。f/in后接短语表示范围时，of后接表同一类事物的名词或者代词，而in后接表示一定区 域或组织等空间范围的名词。China has the largest population in the world.三、副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、 方式等概念。副词按词汇意义可分为：1、 时间副词:today, early, soon, now, then, recently2、 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly 等3、地点副词:here, there, out, somewhere,4、方式副词： well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly一般是在形容词后面加ly： excited-excitedly以 le,ble,able 结尾的去掉 e 再力口 y: possible-possibly , simple-simply believable-believably以 y 结尾的改 y 为 i,再加 ly。Easy-easily heavy-heavily去 e，要加 ly: true 和 whole5 . 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite6 .疑问副词：how where when why副词位置1、修饰形容词、其他副词时一般位于被修饰词的前面。The place is completely different now2、修饰动词一般是放在动词后面。He listened carefully.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化和形容词一致不规则变化不规则变化：well-better-best badly-worse-worst副词比较等级的句式结构和用法：与形容词一致She works harder than me.He can't use the computer as well as his brother.He runs faster and faster.The harder you work,the better you will learn.易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地努力地，也可形容雨大或者雪大；hardly几乎没有 They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。 I hardly know her.我不怎么认识她.late迟到；lately最近 You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?close （具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely （抽象）亲密地严密地仔细地 They sat close together The two events are closely connected.high（具体高度）高地；highly （抽象）高度地 The kites fly high in the sky.这些风筝在天空飞得很高。 His teachers think very highly of him.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。deep （空间的，具体）深度；deeply （抽象，感情上的）深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。 Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other.凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽;widely广泛地 The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。 We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。考察题型：语法填空1、分析句子结构，如果是名词前做定语或系动词后做表语的，用括号内单词的形容词形式。2、如果是修饰动词、形容词、整个句子（通常有逗号隔开，位于句首），就用副词。3、此外根据语境或者than等标志词语，判断是否用比较级。4、区分ed和ing两种分词作形容词的意义。真题1> If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识另ll) those of (great) and less importance, greater2. As the boat moved(gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains. gently3. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which(gradual)turned into chopsticks. gradually4. The BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed(sharp), sharply5. (recent) ，Chinese scientists had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. Recently6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is(clean) than ever, cleaner7. The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned, actually8. It will(undoubted) help you get refreshed. undoubtedly9. There are some disadvantages for living in the countryside ,including(low) levels f income, higher of costs of healthy food, and fewer sports facilities.lower10. It is(certain) fun, but the lifestyle is a little unreal.certainly11. Provide(finance) aid and other benefits for local people. financial12. Climbing The Great Wall is one of the (big) accomplishments that any Chinese can make during their life time. biggest13. They have shared many(tradition) stories with us. traditional14. Running is cheap, and it's always(energy).energetic15. The climate every year is(difference).different16. Our relationship with China is(extreme) important. extremely17. Keeping a diary in English is an(effect) way to improve English writing skill.18. The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the(hot) the spring ! hotter19. Life for her now is a lot(rich).It was the look in her eyes that impressed me.richer20. Nature is always leaving us(astonish) astonished选择题l.How it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match.A heavilyB. lightC. heavyD. lightly1.1 came to school this morning because it was my turn to clean our classroom.A. earlyB. slowlyC. quietlyD. suddenly3 .The artist is so that he can make different changing pictures with sand.A. commonB.carelessC.creativeD. helpful4 .While watching the film yesterday, I couldn't stop laughing at some moments.A. humorousB.challengingC.dangerousD.surprising5 .My brother has a healthy living habit. He staysup late, and he is an early bird.A. usuallyB.hardlyC.oftenD. always6 .How about the fruit salad?Yummy! It tastes very. By the way, who made it?A. goodB. badC. wellD. badly7 .This movie is very, I am deeplyA moving moved B. moved moving C. moving moving8 .This T-shirt is a bit expensive for me.But this is one in our shop, sir.A. cheapB.cheaperC. the cheapest9 .Mike plays the drums so wonderfully!一Of course. He is than any other students in his class.A. talentedB. more talentedC. less talented D. the most talented10 .一Who sings in your class?Li Jing does.A. most beautifully B. most beautiful C. more beautifully D. more beautiful1 l.Sam is 11 years old. Peter is 16 years old. Peter is 5 years than Sam.A. olderB. shorterC. newerD. longer 12.There will be no winner in the trade war between China and the US.I agree. If we can/t avoid it, the relationship will get as time goes on.A. badB. badlyC. worseD. worst13 .The Hong KongZhuhaiMacau Bridge, the world's crosssea bridge, wonanother international prize in December, 2018.A. longB. longerC. longest D. the longest14 .Nobody worked the math problem out. It was one of all.A. easierB. the easiestC. more difficult D. the most difficult15 .A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much than the one with 4G.A. fastB. fasterC. fastestD. the fastest16 . China is becoming.A. stronger and stronger B. strong and strong C. strong and stronger17 . The you run, the time you will use.A. Fast less B. faster less C. faster little18 . My room is not big _ hers.A. as as B. so than C. so with