初中英语外研版八年级下册M2U3预习指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

八年级英语下册M2U3预习指导一、知识点一、语法: 现在完成时（一）（一）用法：（1）表示以前某个时间已经发生的动作或做过的事情对现在有影响Eg: I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调电影的内容已经知道)（2）表示到目前为止已经完成的事。Eg: My sister has learnt English for 3 years.我的妹妹已经学英语三年了。（二）构成： 主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词（三）各种句式肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它Eg: I have watched the match.我已经看过这场比赛了。否定句：主语 + have/ has not + 过去分词 + 其它Eg: I havent watched the match. 我没有看过这场比赛。一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其它肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/ has.否定回答：No, 主语 + havent/ hasnt.Eg: Have you watched the match ? 你看过这场比赛吗？Yes, I have./ No, I havent.（四）动词过去分词的构成：规则动词变化1.大多数动词后直接加ed：work - worked; cook - cooked2.以e结尾的动词加d： lived - lived; like - liked3.以辅音加y结尾将y变成i加ed： try - tried; study - studied4.在重读闭音节中，双写结尾加ed：stop - stopped; plan - planned5.不规则变化：见教材126页表格二、知识点1.have a Western meal 吃西餐Eg: They are having a Western meal in this restaurant.他们正在这家饭馆吃西餐。2.by plane 坐飞机交通方式常用的表达方式(1)take the + 表交通工具的名词Eg: take the train. 坐火车(2)by + 交通工具的名词Eg: by bus/ train/ bike 坐公交/火车/骑自行车.by sea/ water/ ship 乘船；by air/ plane 乘飞机(3)on/ in + 限定词 + 表交通工具的名词，一般无厢、无仓的用On; 其它的用inEg: on the bike; 骑自行车in/ on the plane 坐飞机(4)动词 + to + 地点名词， walk, ride, drive, fly后接to地点Eg: I hope more and more people ride to work.我希望越来越多的人骑车上班。3.Cook (名词) “厨师” (动词) “做饭菜；烹饪”- cooker (名词) “炊具”Cook sth.for sb. 为某人做饭Eg: The cook is cooking with the cooker.这个厨师正在用这个炊具做饭。My mum cooks dinner for us.我的妈妈给我们做完饭。4.have a wonderful/ good/ great/ nice time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快Eg: They had a good time at the party.= They enjoyed themselves at the party.他们在聚会上玩得很开心。5.So many + 可数名词复数形式 “如此多的.”So much + 不可数名词 “如此多的.”Eg: There are so many books in the room.房间里有许多的书。There is so much water in the pool.池塘里有如此多的水。6.climb the Great Wall 爬长城Eg: Lets climb the Great Wall.让我们去爬长城吧！7.Eat Beijing duck 吃北京烤鸭Eg: She likes eating Beijing duck very much.她非常喜欢吃北京烤鸭。8.whats more 另外；而且Eg: She can speak English very well, and whats more, she can write beautifully.她英语说的非常好，而且她写的也很漂亮。9.be difficult to do sth. 做某事难Eg: Some English words are difficult to write.一些英语词很难写。10.Plane ticket 机票11.how many + 可数名词复数 “多少”how much + 不可数名词 “多少”Eg: How many times has Winnie been to the US?维尼去过多少次美国？How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？12.find out 查明；发现 （经过调查）find “找到”强调结果look for “寻找”强调动作Eg: She found out some ways to learn English.她发现一些学英语的方法。She looked for the pen everywhere but she couldnt find it.她到处找那只钢笔但是没有找到。13.Send sth.To sb.= send sb.Sth. 送给某人某物Send .to 地点 把某物送到某地Eg: Please send me the letter.= Please send the letter to me.请把那封信寄给我。Please send the book to the supermarket.请把这本书送到超市。14.something special 特别的东西注意：形容词在修饰不定代词时要位于不定代词之后Eg: somebody important重要的人15.Grow a tree 种树Eg: She grew a tree here last year.去年她在这种了一棵树。16.keep sb./ sth.+ adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态Keep doing sth. 一直做某事Eg: We should keep the room clean.我们应该保持房间安静。Keep studying, you will get good grades.一直学习，你会取得好成绩。17.Last (副词) “最后；最近”(介词) “最后一次；最后的人”(名词) “末尾；最后一天；上一次”(动词) “持续”(形容词) “最后的；最近一次的” (限定词) “最后的；上一个的”Eg: He arrived last of all.(副词)他是最后到的。Sorry, Im late - am I the last? (名词)对不起，我来晚了，我是最后到的吗？The meeting lasted for one hour.(动词）会议持续一个小时。I want to catch the last bus home.(形容词)我想赶末班车回家。18.Proud (形容词) “骄傲的” - pride (名词) “骄傲”常见搭配：be proud of = take pride in . 以.骄傲Eg:My parents are proud of me.= My parents take pride in me.我父母以我为傲。19.Plan (动词) “计划” (名词) “计划”常见搭配：make a plan 制定计划Plan to do sth. 打算做某事Eg: You should make a plan before you go there.在你去那之前应该做个计划。We plan to visit Beijing next week.我打算下周参观北京。20.A map of . 一张.的地图Eg: This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。21.One of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 “最.之一”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eg: Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in China.长江是中国最长的河流之一。22.For the first time 第一次Eg: They were excited when they visit Hainan for the first time.当他们第一次参观海南时很兴奋。23.The lack of . 缺少.Eg: The lack of oxygen 缺氧24.the rest of 余下的Rest 用法小结：Rest (名词) “休息” have a rest 休息Eg: They need to have a rest after working for a long time.在工作了很长时间后他们需要休息。Rest (形容词) “剩余的”在句中代替可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，在句中代替不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Eg: The rest of books are broken.剩下的书是破损的。The rest of chicken is bad.剩下的鸡肉坏了。25.Have to do sth. 不得不做某事Eg: She has to stay at home because she has a bad cold.因为她得了重感冒她不得不呆在家里。三、写作本模块主要讨论与旅游相关的经历。写作步骤：第一步：明确时态，该类作文常常用现在完成时或一般过去时；第二步：明确去过哪里、去的时间以及和谁去的；第三步：描写在那的所见所闻，参观的景点以及吃过的美食等；第四步：你对这次旅行的感受。常见句型：.had a/an .experience 某人有一段.的经历.have visited + 地点 某人参观过某地.fell in love with .when .first visited it. 在某人第一次参观.时就爱上了.hope .can visit .again in the future. .希望.未来能在参观.had a good time in + 地点. 在某地玩得很开心。范文：My experiences in BeijingLast summer holiday, I went to Beijing with my parents.Its a wonderful experience for me.Now let me tell you about my special experiences.Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.I have done many things there with my parents.First, we have visited the Palace Museum.I took lots of photos.Second, we have climbed the Great Wall, there were many foreigners and I talked with them in English.Third, we have tried many kind of delicious food, such as the Beijing Roast Duck.All in all, we had a good time there.The more you walk the wider you will see.I hope I can go many other beautiful places to visit.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.- Where is your father, Tony?- He _ Shanghai.Hell be back in three days.A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.will go to( )2.You need to _ the answer by yourself.A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out( )3.Its difficult for him to afford _ a house.A.buying B.buy C.buys D.to buy( )4.Tony is one of _ boys in his class.A.the more clever B.the most cleverC.clever D.more clever( )5.Mrs.Wang has a _ daughter.A.six years old B.six- years - oldC.six year old D.six - year - old( )6.Tony has a sister _ Lily.A.calling B.is called C.calls D.called( )7.I find it relaxing _ a good sleep every day.A.had B.having C.to have D.have( )8.We stopped _ a class when our teacher came in.A.having B.to have C.has D.to having( )9.The water _ dark and dirty.Its no longer safe to drink.A.became B.has become C.will become D.was becoming( )10.I cant find my wallet anywhere.Im sure I _ it.A.lost B.will lose C.lose D.have lost二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空11.We _ (see) the movie.Its a interesting movie.12.The boy _ (finish) his homework.Now he can watch TV.13.- Do you know Li Xuefeng?- Yes.I _ (hear) of him, but I _ (not see) him.14.- _ you _ (receive) a letter form your pen pal recently?- Yes, I have.I _ (receive) a letter yesterday.15.- Is your brother with you at home?- No.He _ (go) out.16.- What are you going to do tomorrow?- Im going to Tonys birthday party.He _ (invite) me.17.I _ (not finish) my work yet.18.Lily _ (learn) English since she was ten years old.19.Helen isnt here.She _ (go) to Beijing.20.Have you ever _ (swim) in the sea?三、任务型阅读Men have always traveled form one place to another.In the past, they did not travel for fun.They tried to find new places which were much better to live in or away form their neighbors.It was not an easy thing.They always walked from their old homes to another new place.But later they found an easier way of traveling.They rode on the backs of some animals.They also used the wood to make a small “boat” to travel in the water.But now people travel for the joy of seeing and experiencing new things.And traveling has become much easier.People can travel in their own car, by ship or by plane.And it is also safe and comfortable.They can even travel to space, but its very expensive.根据短文内容完成句子。21.People in the past traveled to find _.22.Later, people traveled on _.23.Today people travel to _.24.Today traveling is _ than before.25.You are very rich, and you want to travel to space.Can your dream come true? _四、书面表达假如你是李华，你的笔友Tom听说北京有许多名胜古迹，写信询问你曾经参观过哪些地方，请你 写信告诉他你的旅游经历和体验，不少于80词。参考词汇：名胜古迹(attractions)；长城( Great Wall)；故宫博物院(Palace Museum)；颐和园(Summer Palace)；期待(look forward to).附：参考答案一、1 - 5 BADBD 6 - 10 DCBBD二、11.have seen 12.has finished 13.heard; haven't seen14.Have; received ; received 15.has gone16.has invited 17.haven't finished18.has learnt 19.has gone 20.swum三、21.new places which were much better to live in or away from their neighbors.22.the backs of some animals 23.see and experience new things24.easier25.It's very expensive.四、Dear Tom,Im very glad to receive your letter and know that you like Beijing.I had a 5 - day holiday in Beijing last summer.Thats a wonderful experience.My parents and I went there by train.It was long but amazing.First we paid a visit to the Great Wall, which is famous throughout the world.The Great Wall lies on the earth, just like a huge long dragon.When we reached the top, everyone jumped up and down in excitement.And we have visited the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace.They are fantastic.I hope I will travel there with you next time and Im looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li Hua.7