中考英语阅读理解提分要义-选择型阅读.docx

（1）选择型阅读 中考英语阅读理解提分要义提分要点一、 细节理解题l 语义转换题跳读查找法此题型通常考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子进行比较和分析，最后确定最佳答案。运用跳读查找法时，要注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换，如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。l 生活应用题常识理解法此题型要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候，一些常识性判断题，甚至只看题干便可选出最佳答案。l 细节排序题首尾定位法此题型要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。解题时可以先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。l 寻找信息题题干定位法此题型一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等。做题时没有必要阅读全文，要根据题干要求，直接从短文中找相关信息。二、 主旨大意题l 主旨大意型常见题干：What's the passage mainly about? What is the main idea of this passage?What's the topic of the article? Which subject is discussed in the passage? 做此类主旨题时注意分析文章结构，找文章的中心句和每段的主题句，一般出现在首段或末段，每段的主题句一般是首句或末句。最后在通读全文的基础上，根据作者的意图归纳出文章中心。l 最佳标题型常见题干：What's the best title for this passage?The best title of the passage is _?标题是文章主题的高度概括，做这类题时应全面把握文章的中心大意，避免犯以偏概全的错误；标题应具有概括性、全面性和简洁性，若选项内容过宽或过窄，均有偏颇，应当排除；标题一般以短语的形式出现，其中的词常为文中多次出现的单词或词组，因此还可通过文中的高频词汇来推断标题。三、 词义猜测题l 根据定义猜测。定义的形式通常为：用一个句子或段落给生词定义；使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容对生词加以解释或定义。l 根据举例猜测。恰当的举例能够提供猜测词义的重要线索。如：such as，like，especially，for example 等是猜测词义的标志词。l 根据因果关系猜测。根据语境，由原因演绎出结果，由结果推断出原因，从而推断出生词的意义。l 根据构词法猜测。可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，而前缀和后缀是猜测英语单词的重要依据。l 根据词性变化猜测。部分单词可通过改变词性引申出新的含义。四、 推理判断题推理判断题常见题干有：We can learn from this passage that.It can be seen from the passage that.The writer agrees that.l 首先，在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘深层含义。进行推理时，仔细阅读短文，不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。l 其次，对于隐含在文章中的人物行为动机、事件因果关系以及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，从而抓住材料实质性的东西。l 最后，解答时，应清楚所要答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点等。提分训练一、A young man with excellent grades wanted to get a job in a big company. He met the manager for the interview. The manager asked, "Who paid for your education?""My parents," the young man replied."Where do they work?""They work as clothes cleaners."Then, the manager asked the young man to show his hands. He found the young man's hands were so smooth, and asked, "Have you ever helped your parents wash the clothes?""Never.""Now go home and clean your parents' hands, then see me tomorrow morning."The young man felt upset. When he got home, he asked his parents to let him clean their hands. They felt strange but happy. While the young man was cleaning their hands, he found his parents' hands were so wrinkled(起皱的), and there were so many bruises(瘀伤) in their hands. His tears fell. After cleaning his parents' hands, he quietly washed all the rest of clothes.The next morning, he went to the manager's office. The manager asked him, "Can you tell me what you did and learned yesterday in your house?" He told the manager all he did with tears in his eyes and added, " Now I know what appreciation(感激) is. Without my parents, I would not be who I am today.By helping my parents, I realize how much they've done for me. And I also realize the importance and value of helping one's family."The manager smiled and said, "This is what I'm looking for."1. Why did the young man meet the manager?A. Because the manager was his friend.B. Because the manager needed his help.C. Because he wanted to find a job.D. Because he wanted to ask for information.2. What did the young man's parents do?A. Street cleaners.B. Clothes cleaners.C. Factory workers.D. Farm workers.3. What did the manager ask the young man to do after going home?A. To wash the clothes.B. To talk with his parents.C. To clean the house.D. To clean his parents' hands.4. What can we infer(推断) from the last paragraph?A. The young man got the job.B. The young man failed the interview.C. The manager laughed at the young man.D. The manager was angry with the young man.5. What does the text mainly tell us?A. We should face difficulties bravely.B. We should learn to be thankful.C. Excellent grades are the most important.D. It's hard to get a job in a big company.二、A Bite of China has become a hot topic of discussion on the Internet in China since it appeared on China Central Television. This TV program is a documentary about traditional Chinese food. The program has more than one hundred million Chinese audiences(观众). Most of them see not only the common food but also the changes in our lives today. And the audiences also have chances to see how hard the cooks and farmers have to work to make such wonderful Chinese food. It shows the taste of Chinese through different ways. It is close to the nature, near our life, including customs(风俗), weather, geography, history and our spirits. The director of A Bite of China is Chen Xiaoqing. He started taking documentaries in 1991. "The memory of taste is the deepest. Many people in China have success in their lives but they have to be far away from their homes. But they still have a stomach of their hometowns. This is why many people enjoy the program," Chen said. "We want to show a real original ecology(原生态) China. A Bite of China talks about food, but it talks more than food."A Bite of China tells us from the start of culture to the high level of the spirit, the influence(影响) of the places and the changes of China. Food is the most important part of the development(发展) of Chinese civilization(文明).6. A Bite of China is _.A. a movieB. a documentaryC. a sports show7. Many people like A Bite of China _.A. because it brings the memory of taste from their hometownsB. because it introduces different kinds of weather around ChinaC. because you can know every travel place all over China8. From the program, we can know that _.A. about 100,000 Chinese audiences are interested in this programB. these wonderful Chinese foods are not easy to produceC. the director of the program is Chen Qing9. What does the underlined part "it talks more than food" mean?A. CCTV can make more money through the program.B. We can know Chinese culture through food.C. What people think of the program is more important.10. Where can we probably find the passage?A. In a notice.B. In a school play.C. In a newspaper.三、As teenagers, you have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, or they can be small. You may just want to become one of the ten best students in your class. Once you find a dream，what do you do with it? Do you ever try to make your dream real?"Follow Your Heart" by Australian writer Andrews tells us that making our dreams real is life's biggest challenge. You may think you're not very good at some school subjects，or it is impossible for you to become a writer. These kinds of thoughts stop you from getting your dream，the book says. In fact，everyone can make his dream come true. The first thing you must do is to remember what your dream is. Don't let it leave your heart. Keep telling yourself what you want. Do this step by step and your dream will come true faster because a big dream is，in fact，many small dreams. You must also never give up your dream. There will be difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest difficulty comes from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of watching TV will lead to better exam results，while saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. As you get closer to your dream，it may change a little. This is good as you have the chance to learn more skills and find new interests. 11."Follow Your Heart" is _.A. the first thing you must do to make your dream realB. the most important dream to have for teenagersC. the name of a famous Australian writerD. the name of a book by Andrew Matthews12.If you want to make your dream real，you should _.A. remember what your dream is firstB. keep telling yourself what you wantC. never be afraid of the gig difficultiesD. try to start with all the things above13.From the text，we know the word "challenge "means _.A. 变化B. 挑战C. 决定D. 态度14.What shouldn't be done to make your dream come true？A. Always remember what your dreams is.B. Do what you should go step by step.C. Watch TV so that you can get better exam results.D. Read more books，learn more skills and find new interests.15.What is the best title for the text？A. Keep your dream in your mind.B. How to find your real dream.C. Never stop dreaming of success.D. Teenagers have many dreams.四、Most of us often hear of the word "low-carbon(低碳的)". But do you know the "low-carbon community"? What is the community like? What benefits(好处) will it bring to our environment? Let's have a look at the Hanbei Road Community of Ya'an, Sichuan Province.Walking into the community, the most eye-catching items are idle bins(闲置箱) around.Many people in the community would give their idle things into the bins. Xu Juan, a mother of two children, once put a pair of gloves there. "I think it's good to help others," she said.In order to encourage more people to join in the low-carbon activity, the community designed a reward programme. Anyone can get some points if he/she gives idle things or takes part in volunteer activities. With enough points, people can exchange things in the "low-carbon supermarket" in the community.There is also an "exchange corner" in the community. People can exchange their idle things with others. If he/she is not interested in any idle things in the corner, he/she can give his/her things to poor families in the community."We are trying to make the best use of idle things by free exchange and giving. We hope all the people in our community can live a low-carbon life," said Wang Lu, a leader of the Hanbei Road Community.16. What is a "low-carbon community" like?A. A community with few poor families.B. A community with free things everywhere.C. A community with many idle bins around.D. A community with many supermarkets.17._ can't be put in the idle bins.A. A new capB. An old sweaterC. A nice toyD. A broken cup18._ can get points from the reward programme.A. People giving idle thingsB. People exchanging things in the "low-carbon supermarket"C. Anyone in the communityD. Someone taking part in outdoor activities19. If you live in the Hanbei Road Community of Ya'an, you can do the following things except(除之外) _.A. giving your old clothes into the idle binsB. taking part in volunteer activitiesC. exchanging old books with neighbours in the "exchange corner"D. selling old furniture to poor families in the community20. What benefits will a "low-carbon community" bring to our environment?A. The leader of the Hanbei Road Community can get more idle things.B. People can make the best use of idle things by free exchange and giving.C. There will be more and more clean water and fresh air.D. The poor families in the community will become richer and richer.五、Plunk! I dropped another pecan (山核桃) into my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew some more off the tree. I ran to pick them up. Whew! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was only half full.I was visiting my grandpa's farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me into the woods to pick up pecans for us to enjoy later. I wasn't about to let him down.Then something caught my eye: a squirrel picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared into a large hole. A moment later, the squirrel climbed down to the ground to pick another pecan. Once again, he took the pecan back to his secret hiding place inside the hollow (洞) of the tree.Not so secret anymore, I thought. I ran over to the tree and found the hollow was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there for the taking. This was my chance. Handful by handful, I took all the pecans from the hollow. Now the basket was full!I was so proud of myself. I couldn't wait to show Grandpa all of the pecans I'd collected."Look, Grandpa," I shouted, "look at all of the pecans I found!"Grandpa took a look at my basket. "Well, well, how did you find so many, Jimmy?" I told him how I'd followed the squirrel and taken the pecans from his hiding place. Grandpa congratulated me on finding out something about the squirrel's habits. Then he did something that surprised me. He handed the basket back to me and put his arm gently around my shoulders."That squirrel worked very hard to collect his winter food," he said. "Now that all of his pecans are gone, don't you think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cold?""I didn't think about that," I said."I know," Grandpa said. "But a good man should never take advantage of someone else's hard work, even the squirrel's."Suddenly I felt as hollow as that old tree. The image (形象) of that hungry squirrel wouldn't leave my mind. There was only one thing I could do.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。21. Why did the writer go to the woods at the beginning of the story?A. To pick up pecans.B. To catch little animalsC. To feed the squirrels.D. To look for his grandpa.22. The writer was proud of himself because _.A. he was praised by his grandpaB. he found out his grandpa's secretC. he helped the squirrel in the hollowD. he filled his basket with so many pecans23. Which of the following can best describe Grandpa?A. Kind and wise.B. Caring and humorous.C. Shy and friendly.D. Patient and hard-working.24. What is the possible ending to the story?A. The writer sent the pecans to his neighbors.B. The writer put all the pecans back into the hole.C. The writer hid the pecans in his grandpa's house.D. The writer enjoyed all the pecans with his family.25. What is the best title for the text?A. An unusual treeB. The stolen pecansC. A smart squirrelD. The magic basket六、One German school has come up with a cheap and simple DIY system to help with the air moving problem in the room during COVID-19. It was invented by a teacher's scientist husband, Frank Helleis.In the school, above every desk, there is a clear plastic funnel attached to a narrow pipe (连接着窄小管道的塑料漏斗). All the pipes are in turn connected to one wide pipe leading to a fan (风扇) that directs the air outside through a window. Warm air breathed out by the students rises up overhead and is sucked (吸) up and pushed outside before it can spread through the room. Another window is kept half-open to allow in fresh air.The system manages to take out over 90% of aerosols (气溶胶) from the room. It can be built with materials from a DIY store for around $235. Some people were successfully putting all the materials together in half a day. And it has been shared online for anyone who wants to use the idea.Helleis had the idea after discussing with his team on how they could help during COVID-19. "We found the best thing to do was to take out the aerosols," he said.Helleis says air purifiers (净化器) can be useful but are more expensive and noisier than his invention. And unlike his invention, expensive purifiers don't deal with CO2, which might cause tiredness. T