中考英语被动语态精讲练.docx

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者例1：English is spoken by many people. (主语English是动词speak的承受者。)例2：This English song is sung by Millie. (主语this English song是动词sing发出的，即sing这个动作的承受者。)(二) 被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者)2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。The window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。3. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4. 表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy. 大家相信他是个间谍。(三) 被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。注：不及物动词本身没有被动语态。  人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。    及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。(四) 主动句变成被动句主动变被动的基本“三部曲”1.变宾为主：即变主动语态的动词宾语为被动语态的主语，当宾语为人称代词的时候，注意宾格和主格的转换。2.把谓语变成被动结构 ：即be +及物动词的过去分词。3.变主语为介词by的宾语：即变主动语态的主语为被动语态介词by的宾语，当主语为人称代词时，注意主格和宾格的转换。歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动句：主语+谓语+宾语被动句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语例：I watched a football match on TV last night.A football match on TV was watched by me last night.(五) 被动语态的句式结构以一般现在时的被动语态为例：肯定句主语+be+动词过去分词The room is cleaned by Tom.否定句主语+be+ not+动词过去分词The room isnt cleaned by Tom.一般疑问句Be+主语+动词过去分词?Is the room cleaned by Tom?肯/否定回答Yes, 主语+be.No, 主语+be+ not.Yes, it is. No, it isnt.【例题】1. Keep quiet, please! Talking _ during the meeting. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn't allow D. allows2. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes3. Look at our new school. It _ last year.A. builtB. was built C. is builtD. will be built4. In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers_ every year.A. will plantB. should plantC. should be planted D. should are planted答案：AABC(六)不同时态的被动语态的结构形式时态结构 一般现在时am/is/are + done 一般过去时was/were + done 一般将来时shall/will /be going to + be done 过去将来时would + be + done 现在进行时am/is/are + being + done 过去进行时was/were + being + done 现在完成时have/has + been + done 过去完成时had + been + done 含情态动词情态动词+ be + done(七) 被动语态的注意事项1. 在含有使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（hear, see, watch, find, feel等）以及help的句子中，在主动语态中这些词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，须将to补上。I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play football on the playground by me.2. teach, give, show, pass, buy, tell等后常接两个宾语，即双宾语：直接宾语（表物的）和间接宾语（表人的）。变成被动语态时，可以选取其中任一个做主语。但需要注意的是：如果选取直接宾语做主语时，那么间接宾语钱须加相应的介词for或to。Helen showed me a photo.I was shown a photo by Helen.A photo was shown to me by Helen.3. 由“不及物动词+ 介词/副词+ 宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good care of by her. (八) 不用被动语态的情况1. 不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动happen, appear, stay, break out, take place, belong to , come true ,come out等。The famous writers new book will come out soon. 那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。2. 主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸上去软绵绵的。3. 不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+ adj +to do结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy ,hard ,difficult等。The question is easy to answer. 这个问题容易回答。4. 不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用被动语态。I have a lot of homework to do this evening. 今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。5. 在require, need 等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如： My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。 我的旧自行车需要修一下。6. 有些动词如write, sell等用主动形式表被动意义。 This pen writes well.这支笔很好写。 【例题】1. Every day, too much water _ in our school. We should save it. A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted 2. The students in this school are made _ school uniforms on Monday. A. to wear B. wearing C. wear D. worn3. A new hospital _ in my town next year. A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built 4. To my great surprise, the famous athlete's story _ differently in the newspaper. A. was reported B. reported C. was reporting D. reports 答案：AADA语法专练用所给词的适当形式填空。1. English _ (use)as a second language by people in many countries.2. Would you please tell Miss Li that she _ (choose) as a volunteer for the sports game?3. All kinds of shoes _ (sell) in that shop.4. When we go to the park, we found it _ (close).单项填空。1. A new hospital _in my town next year.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. will be built2. English _ in Canada.A. speaks  B. are spoken C. is speakingD. is spoken3.This English song _ by the girls after class .A. often sings  B. often sang   C. is often sangD. is often sung4.This kind of car _ in Japan .A. makes B. made C. is makingD. is made5.New computers _ all over the world.A. is used  B. are using  C. are used  D. have used按要求完成句子。1. The boy eats two bananas each day.(改为被动语态)The two bananas_ _ _ the boy each day.2. The postman brings some newspapers to my home every week.(改为被动语态)Some newspapers _ _to my home every week.3. We celebrate the Spring Festival every year.(改为被动语态)The Spring Festival _ _ _ us every year.4. The mobile phone is made in Japan.(对画线部分提问)_ _ the mobile phone _?单项填空1. Teenagers shouldn't be allowed _, because they are not serious enough.A. to driveB. driveC. drivingD. to driving2. The room _every day.A. cleansB. must cleanC. be cleanedD. must be cleaned3. Sorry, your car _in front of the hotel.A. can putB. be not putC. can't be putD. can be not put4. Our English teacher is very strict _ us and he is strict _ his teaching.A. with; atB. with; withC. at; atD. with; in5. What's the matter?They said I should not be allowed _ here. They don't allow _in the waiting room.A. smoking; to smokeB. to smoke; smokeC. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking把下列句子改为被动语态1. We should help Mary with swimming.Mary _ _ _ with swimming by us.2. His hair is too long. He should have it cut.His hair is too long. It _ _ _.3. My mother asked me to do the homework at once.I _ _ _ do the homework at once by my mother.4. He can allow you to make your own decision.You _ _ _ to make your own decision by him.5. We may clean the room this afternoon.The room _ _ _ by us this afternoon.单项选择1. 2023河北40题Breakfast every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.A. providesB. providedC. is providedD. was provided2. 2022河北40题Mmm Delicious. What is it?It zongzi, Tony. It's a traditional food in China.A. callsB. is calledC. calledD. was called3. 2021河北39题These gifts by children in their last summer holidays.A. madeB. were madeC. makeD. are made4. 2020河北37题Train tickets online. It is convenient.A. soldB. were soldC. are soldD. have sold5. 2023天津Some photos of the moon in the Space Club next week.A. showsB. is showingC. were shownD. will be shown6. 2023安徽Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they into schools.A. introduceB. introducedC. are introducedD. were introduced7. 2023石家庄二模Many DIY cards to mothers on Mother's Day every year!How creative!A. sendB. sentC. are sentD. were sent8. Road safety is very important to teenagers.Yes. I think more rules about it in the future.A. have madeB. should be madeC. are madeD. should make9. These kinds of pens well. They are sold out quickly in all the shops.A. writeB. are writtenC. will be writtenD. were written10. Hurry up, John! We're going to the cinema, but the clothes still need .A. washingB. to washC. be washingD. be washed学科网（北京）股份有限公司