高中英语Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldSectionⅢGrammar—情态动词（Ⅰ）学案（含解析）新人教版必修3.docx

Unit 1 Festivals around the worldSection III Grammar情态动词（I ）YUFAJINGXI思维导图基本特征情态动词有词义，但不能单独作谓语 一般无人称和数的变化 否定结构：情态动词+ not'后接动词原形can 与 could may 与 might 基本用法< will与would shall 与 should<must语法精讲一、基本特征1 .情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。She can speak English though she is six.尽管她才6岁但她会说英语。2 .情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。They must be in the classroom.他们一定在教室里。3,构成否定句时，not放在其后面。The young man can't carry the big stone.这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。4 .情态动词后接动词原形。You should do as I told you.你得照我说的去做。He said I could use the computer.他说我可以用这台电脑。We should study hard for our motherland and ourselves.为了我们的祖国和我们自己，我们应该努力学习。二、基本用法1. can和could的用法(1)表示能力。She can ride a bike though she is only eight.尽管她才8岁但她会骑自行车。I managed to find the street, but I couldn，t find her house.我想办法找到了那条街，但没找到她的房子。（注：could用于否定句时可以表示过去特定的能力）（2）表示猜测，主要用于疑问句或否定句。（could比can可能性更小）一Can he be in the reading room now?他现在可能在阅览室吗？一No, he can，t be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.不，他不可能在（阅览室）。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。一Where could/can he be now?他现在可能在哪儿？一He could go to the cinema.他可能看电影去了。（3）表示许可或请求许可。（could比can语气更委婉）Can/Could you tell me the way to the nearest bank?你能告诉我怎么去最近的银行吗？Could you do me a favour?请你帮我个忙好吗？r m sorry I couldn，t go to your home to help you with your English today.对不起，今天我不能到你家去帮你学英语了。以上句子中的could不表示过去，could和can没有时间上的差别。名师点津can和be able to用法上的区别：（1）can只能用于现在时和过去时，而be able to有更多的时态变化，可用于将来时、 完成时和非谓语动词中。（2）can 一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的 能力，相当于 manage to do 或 succeed in doingoWithout hard work, he was not able to get good grades.如果没有努力，他是不能取得好成绩的。（经过努力）Babies can swim when they are born.婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。（自身具有的能力）2. may和might的用法（1）表示许可或请求许可。（用might比用may更礼貌，语气更委婉）一May I come in?我可以进来吗？肯定回答：一Yes, you may. /Of course, you may.是的，请进。否定回答：一No, you may not/you can，t/you mustn，t/you had better not.不，你不可以/你最好不要。Might I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗？He asked if he might borrow my pen.他问我是否可以借我的钢笔。(2)表示可能性。(might比may可能性更小)It may rain. You'd better take a raincoat with you.天可能会下雨，你最好带上雨衣。The news may be true. =The news might be true.这消息也许是真的。He might not come today.今天他可能不来了。(might not较may not更不肯定)(3)may用于祈使句，表祝愿，并且may通常放在句首。May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you succeed!祝你成功！May you have a good time on your trip!祝你旅途愉快！3. will和would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。I will never do that again.我再也不会做那件事了。(2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。常用句型: Would you please do.； Would you mind doing. . . ； Would you like.。Would you like a cup of coffee?你想来杯咖啡吗？(3)表示习惯性动作，意为“总是，习惯于"。will指现在，would指过去。On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。D 易混辨析would, used towould表不过去习惯性的动作，现在可能如此，也有可能不再那样used to表示过去的动作或状态，现在不再做或不再有那种状态He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去，他一有空就去公园。(动作反复发生，现在还有可能再去)People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。(表示过去的动作，但现在人们已不再这样认为)4. shall 和 should 的用法(1) shall的用法用于肯定句的第二、第三人称，表示允许、警告、命令、决心、威胁等；用于第一、第 三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方意见。When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候能离开医院？You shall fail if you don，t work hard.如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格。(2) should的用法表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”；表示可能性，这时should要比can, may更肯定; 表不惊讶OWhy should I be angry with you?我哪会生你的气呢？5. must的用法(1)表示必须。(must提出的问题，其否定回答用neednt,表示没有必要)All the students must obey the school rules.所有学生必须遵守校规。You must see that TV play; it's wonderful.那个电视剧好极了，你不可以不看。一Must I go now?我现在就得走吗？Yes, you must.是的，你现在就得走了。一No, you needn，t.不，你没有必要现在就走。表示推测。(只能用在肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中要用can或could)You must be tired after the long journey.长途旅行之后你一定累了。Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间，我能听见她在那儿讲话。My watch doesn，t work. There must be something wrong with it.我的手表不走了，一定是出问题了。(3)must用于发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是“偏偏”“偏 要” “非得” oWhy must he go out in the bad weather?为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？Must you watch TV at midnight? 你非得在半夜看电视吗？(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许” “不准” “不可以”等。You mustn，t stop your car in the busy street. 你不准把车停在繁忙的路上。Children mustn，t speak to their parents in that way.孩子们不准对他们的父母那样说话。阻课后财KEHOUXUNLIANI.用适当的情态动词或其否定形式填空1. George can not have gone to sleep, for the light was still on.2. She could play the piano when she was five.3. When you cross the street, you must be careful with the passing cars.4. It can't be his mother, for she has been ill at home for a long time.5. We enjoy good weather in January, but sometimes it can be terribly cold.6. I may come to the party with you, but I am not sure.7. When he was young, he would climb the small hill every morning.8. May I borrow your pen for a second?9. Tom comes from Australia, so he can speak English very well.10. If you can pass the driving test, you shall get a new car.11. 补全句子1. You can feel the beauty of Chinese（能感受到汉语的美）by learning Tang Poetry.2. I would appreciate j.t（会常感激）if you accept my invitation.3. Will yoq pleaso payvisit to（能请你参观）Tianjin again so that we may meet again?4. And you also should keep it in mind（应当i己住）that comparing notes with your classmates' frequently is a good way to improve your study.5. We may havg different opinions（可能有不同的观点）in organizing class activities.6. You mentioned that you could teach me English as旦_reward（作为回报你能教 我英语），which is exactly what I want.7. As a result, we must spare nQ efforts tQ take sonie pleasures（必须不遗余力 地采取措施）to solve this problem.8. In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others（应当学会 如何和别人友好相处）.