高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅢGrammar—复习同位语（词短语从句）学案（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

Unit 2 CloningSection III Grammar -复习同位语（词、短语、从句）碟刖自主领悟KEQIANZIZHULINGWU思维导图工定义：同位语是句子成分的一种，主要用于对名词进 行解释与说明2.同位语的表现形式:名词、代词、数词、动名词和不 定式3.同位语从句'定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句 称为同位语从句连接词、注意事项及与定语从句的区别语法精讲一、同位语1 .定义同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况。它可以由 名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式及从句等来充当。2 .表现形式（1）名词、代词或数词充当同位语I have the honor to introduce John，s sister, Jane to you.我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。（名词Jane作同位语）I sympathize with you; I myself have had a similar unhappy experience.我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇。（反身代词myself作同位语）She is the oldest among them six.她是她们六人中年龄最大的。（数词six作同位语）（2）动名词（短语）和不定式（短语）充当同位语He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.他喜爱冬泳这项运动。(动名词短语swimming in winter作同位语)Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语to avoid being punished作同位语)(3)由such as, that is, of, or等引导的同位语Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。二、同位语从句1 .定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一 般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体 含义。2 .同位语从句的连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。其中 that, whether 不作成 分,that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中 作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。3 .同位语从句连接词的选用(1)若同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。The news that he was punished soon spread on the Internet.他被惩罚的消息很快在因特网上传开了。(2)若同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。We，11 discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。(3)需增加“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”“什么”含义，应用when, where, how, what引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.谁应该做这项工作的问题正在会议上被讨论。They have no idea when I will go back.他们不知道我什么时候回去。名师点津(1)名词 suggestion, order, demand, command, request 等后的同位语 从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should + )do”。Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.老师给了我们一些如何使用电脑的建议。(2)名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导;no doubt (毫无疑问)后的同位 语从句用that引导。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。There is no doubt that my friend Tom will keep his promise.毫无疑问我的朋友汤姆会守信的。三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同说明名词表示的具体内容说明名词的性质、特征、来源等that不作成分，起连接作用，不可省略作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用； 并且作从句的宾语时可省略，指物 时可用which代替whether/ how不作成分，起连接作用，“是 否” “如何”不引导定语从句wh-类 连接词作成分，起连接作用，有自己的含 义，但与先行词之间无关作成分，起连接作用，没有自己的 含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作 成分试比较下面两句话：Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。（that引导同位语从句，解释说明the news 的内容。）Do you know the news （that/which） Jim told me?你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗？（that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语）名师点津判断方法我们可以在名词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符 合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year, （that she told me是定语从句）她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（不可以说：The news was that she told me.）The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.（that Tom would go abroad 是同位语从句）汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。（可以说：The news was that Tom would go abroad.）KEHOUXUNLIANI.单句语法填空1. The Great Wall leaves visitors a puzzle how ancient Chinese people managed to build it.2. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There i s too much work to do.3. We 11 reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set at the beginning of the year.4. 一Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?一No problem.5. There is still doubt whether the experiment will be a success.6. Do you have any idea what we shall/will learn in the next class.7. I have no idea where my glasses are. I can't find them anywhere.8. The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.9. We accepted his suggestion that the whole class (should)be divided (divide) into three groups.10. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.II.单句改错1. . She had some doubt that she could pass the college entrance examination, thatf whether2. The idea you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong, idea 后力口 that3. His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie. whichthat4. There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children，s growth, whethe/f that5. . She didn't accept my suggestion that she will meet her son the next week, wiI should 或去掉 will6. The question if it is right or wrong depends on the result, iffwhether7. The thought came to him when maybe the enemy had fled the city, whenthat8. The order soon came all citizens should leave the village. came 后力口 thatIII .把下面的句子改为含有同位语从句的复合句1. We are a bit worried because great Auks and Quaggas have been extinct.The fact worries us a biHhat great Auks and QuaggaJiave been extinct.2. Do you know what we can do with these waste materials?Do you |iave any idea what we can do with these waste materials?3. They are arguing about whether we can clone human beings.They gre having aR grgunienC whether W2 can clone human beings.4. Everyone should believe that nature should never be destroyed.Everyone should have the belief that nature should never be destroyed.5. She has promised to make experiments on cloning bison.Sh.Jiaspromise thajsh0”ill make experimentcloning bison.IV .补全句子1. I can，t believe it. I can't accept the truth that they have left me. 我不敢相信，我不能接受他们已经离开我的事实。2. . It shows a common phenomenon nowadaysthat children re the focus pf families。shouldering the hope of their parents.它展示了当今一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，肩负着父母的希望。3. . From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。4. When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。5. Helping others is a habit, one you can JLearn even at an1y age. 帮助他人是一种习惯，一种你可以从小学习的习惯。6. The order that all the soldiers should set off at once was given by the general.所有士兵立刻动身出发的命令是由将军下达的。7. I have no idea which one should choose.我不知道我应该选择哪一个。8. The coach raised the question where;they would geChe money needed.教练提出这个问题一一他们到哪里得到所需要的钱。9. That's Mr Smith, headmaster of our school.那是史密斯先生，我们学校的校长。10. . The problem whetherwe§hould continu2 jbQ dQ the gxperiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。11. There is no doubt that he has told lies.毫无疑问他撒了谎。12. We were surprise by the fact that he used to be a thief.我们很吃惊他过去是个小偷。13. This is our only request that this should be settled as soon as possible. 这是我们唯一的要求一一这件事情应该被尽快解决。14. You have no idea how anxious was at that moment!你不知道那一刻我是多么担心!