高中英语Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorldGrammar学案外研版必修4.docx

Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural WorldGrammar语法精讲探究学习情态动词+ have done,情境探究Susan said she saw you in the library yesterday.She couldn't have seen me becauseI wasn't there at all yesterday.She needn't have lied. Noone would have minded.观察上面对话，推断下列句中黑体部分的含义：1. She suddenly fell down on her way to school; she must have been ill.（一定是生 病了）2. They ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.（本应该做 好准备工作）3. There was plenty of time; she needn, t have hurried.（本不必这么匆忙）4. I could have gone there but my sister was ill. I had to stay at home and take care of her.（本能够去那里）要义详析一、情态动词的完成时的常见形式1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done“（过去）一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句may （might） have done“（过去）可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定旬can （could） have done“本来能够/可以做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定2.表示“与过去事实相反”needn, t have done过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/shouldhave done过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtn, t to/shouldn' thave done过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done过去可能做某事但实际上没做二、表示对过去事情的推测1. must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做了”，该结构只用 于肯定句中。* （2019 天津高考）I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.我一定一直都知道读书很重要，因为我小时候的第一印象就是读书。* It must have been a rough copy there were so many corrections.那一定是一份草稿，修改的地方太多了。* He reasoned that since she had not answered his letter she must have left here.他推断，由于她没有给他回信，她一定是已经离开这里了。名师点津表示推测时must的否定形式是can' t;同样must have done的否定形式是can, t have done ”一定没做过”。2. may have done与might have done表示对过去发生的事情的可能性的推测，意为“可能 已经做了，也许已经做了”，多用于肯定句中，没有must have done那样确定。 might have done的可能性比may have done的还要小。* （2020 江苏高考）But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.但研究人员发现，对脂肪细胞深层的影响可能是最显著的。* What has happened to George?一I don' t know. He may/might have got lost.* 乔治发生了什么事？我不知道。他可能迷路了。(此句中的推测的可能性不确定，用may/might have done)3. can/couldhavedone表示对过去行为动作的怀疑，常用于疑问句中，意为“可能做过 吗？ ”。*There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?到处找不到他们。他们可能到什么地方去了呢？*We couldn, t have helped you, but we once owed you.我们本不能帮助你的，但我们曾欠你人情。4. can' t have done表示对过去发生事情的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。*Mr Smith can' t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他。*Mary can' t have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱。她已经回家去了。名师点津表示对过去事情的否定推测还可以用couldn, t have done,但它也可用于与过去事实相 反的虚拟语气中。即学活用动词填空。(1)I can' t have enjoyed(enjoy) myself moreit was a perfect day.(2)Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done(do) the research on his own.You' ve made lots of mistakes in the exam, many of which could have been avoided (avoid).5. ) With the increasing popularity of online voting, people may/might have voted(vote) for someone in a competition more or less.三、表示本来应该或本来不必1. ought to/should have done表示过去本来应该做某事(而实际上并没有做)，意为“理应 做,本来应该做”，常表示遗憾；ought not to/shouldn" t have done表示过去本 来不应该做某事(而实际上做了)，含有指责对方或自责的意味。*The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给它们浇水的。(其实没浇水，表示遗憾)*You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。(其实你告诉他们了，含有责备的意味)2. need have done表示过去本来需要做某事(而实际上没有做)；needn" t have done表示 过去本来没有必要做某事(而实际上做了)。*It' s only five minutes' walk. We needn' t have taken a taxi.只有5分钟的步行路程。我们本不必乘出租车的。*He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn, t have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站。那样的话，他就不会误了火车。3. could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上并没有做。*You could have come here a little earlier.你本来应该早点来到这儿的。*She could have earned a lot of money.她本来可以挣一大笔钱的。即学活用'(1)You need。' t have takena taxi, for it was so near.你本没有必要坐出租车的，因为离得太近了。(2)I can' t find my purse. I might have leftit in the supermarket yesterday, but I' m not sure.我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。(3) I needn' t have worriedbefore I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.在我来到新学校之前，我没有必要担心，因为这里的同学对我很友好。(4)You ought to have donethis exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。课时检测素养达标I .选词填空1. He was not in the office. I thought he might have gonehome, (may go, might have gone)2. 一Most students in my class failed in the math test.一It couldn, t have been easy, (mustn' t, couldn' t)3. I was really anxious about you. You shoulda,t have left home without a word, (shouldn' t have left, shouldn' t leave)4. 一Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.一Thanks. You needn' t have doneit. I could manage it myself. (needn, t do, needn, t have done)5. 一I needn' thave turned on the air conditioner at such a low temperature, (needn' t, couldn? t) 一No wonder you' ve got a cold.6. The driver mighthave drunk a lot before the accident, but I am not quite sure of that, (must, might)7. Don' t go any closer一it mightbe dangerous, (might, need)8. Even experienced teachers can make mistakes, (can, must)【知识延伸】can表示推断用于肯定句can有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。9. They couldhave come here by train but the tickets for the train had been sold out. (could, must)10. They mustbe stupid because they always make mistakes, (must, will)II.完成句子1. I needn' t have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。2. It must have raived last night, for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。3. The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。4. I didn' t see her in the meeting room this morning. She can' t/couldn' t have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午没在会议室看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。5. You could have done better, but you didn' t try your best. 你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。6. You ought to/should hnvu givav him morn help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。7. We needn' t have bought so much foodnow that Suzie won' t be with us for dinner. 既然苏茜不跟我们一起吃晚饭了，我们本没有必要买那么多食物。8. Can/Could they have arrivedthere yesterday? 一They haven, t called me up to now.他们昨天会到达那里吗？一一他们到现在也没有给我打电话。9. You shouldn' t/oughtn' t to have conehere alone at such a late hour.这么晚的时候你本不应该一个人来这里的。10. 一Isn' t that Ann' s husband standing over there?一No, it can' t be hin. I' m sure he doesn' t wear glasses.站在那儿的难道不是安的丈夫吗？不，一定不是他。我确定他不戴眼镜。O语法主题应用O综合运用所学情态动词的用法，根据语境及提示补全下面对话A: Hi, Marry. 1. Canyou give me a hand?B: Of course. What? s the matter with you?A: I 2. mustclean the room up for my classmates, but time is running out.B: Oh, you 3. needn' t have done(do) it by yourself.A: That' s what I promised. I 4. ought to/should have cleaned(clean) it yesterday afternoon, but I had a lecture to attend at that time.B: I think you 5. must have bveu(be) very busy yesterday afternoon.A: Yes, very busy.B: Don' t worry. I' 11 help you. But. . . look, the room is so neat.A: I guess Mr Smith 6. might have been(be) in the classroom last night.B: He 7. can' t have done(do) it, for I saw him in the library last night.A: Who else 8. could it be?