高中英语ModuleTripAlongtheThreeGorgesGrammar学案外研版必修4.docx

Module 5 A Trip Along the Three GorgesGrammar语法精讲探究学习复习情态动词,情境探究You must show your passport before boarding the plane.Could I go anywhere I wished in that way?Some countries may require a visa ahead of time.读下列句子，指出句中的情态动词及词义。1. They could go anywhere they wished, （could, 能够）2. You shouldn' t go on those ships. （shouldn, t, 不应该）3. There won' t be any other foreigners, （won' t,. 将不）4. We just had to show our passports. （had to,.不得不）5. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda, （could, 能够）,要义详析情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词 没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词有过去式。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主 要有：can （could）, may （might）, must, need, dare （dared）, will （would）, shall （should）, ought too 一、can 与 could1. can表示能力，意为“能，会，能够"；could表示过去的能力，是can的过去式。 *（2019 全国卷 I ）The keyboard can determine people' s identities.这种键盘能识别人的身份。（表示能力）*1 can swim, but I can' t skate.我会游泳，但不会滑冰。（表示能力）2. can表示“允许”或“请求允许”，通常译为“可以"。could不表示过去时，而是表示 更为客气、婉转地提出请求或表达看法。即学活用(1)Dareshe riskstaying where she was?她敢冒险待在原地不动吗？(2)I love weekends, because I need。' t get upearly on Saturdays and Sundays. 我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不必早起。(3)I am so afraid that I dare not move.我是如此害怕以至于不敢动。(4)I needn' t use a clock to wake me up, because at six o' clock each morning the train comes by my house.我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过。课时检测素养达标I.选用下面的情态动词填空dare, would, must, may, can, shall, will, needn' t, can' t, mustn, t1. When I was a boy, I wouldgo to school on foot.2. “That mustbe a mistake, “ he said firmly.3. 一Will your brother stay at home tonight?一I' m not quite sure. He may go to the cinema tonight.【拓展训练】You mayas well make a suggestion about how to go on a trip in two days.4. Shall we go shopping this afternoon?5. After I' ve finished my course, I can/mayspeak English fluently.6. 一I' ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we needn' tbring anything with us?7. The new law states that people mustn' tdrive after drinking alcohol.8. That man can' tbe Tom, for he is not so tall.9. (2020 浙江高考)Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.10. Seeing my fearless look, the big boy darenot pick up the fight.n.根据提示用适当的情态动词填空1. Not everything we learn at school can/may（能够/可以）be used in our everyday life.2. If possible, I will（愿意）offer you any help you need.3. He would（总是）come to see me whenever he came to London.4. As a student, you should（应该）at least respect your teachers.5. I tried several times, but the car wouldn' t（就是不）start.6. I never thought he, such a wise man, should（居然）have made such a silly mistake.7. Although we don' t want to, we have to（不得不）speak English in class.8. He shall（就能）have the book as soon as I finish reading it.O语法主题应用o1 .补全对话Mary:Canyou see the man over there? It mustbe our headteacher.George: It can' tbe him. He has gone abroad.Mary: Who canit be then?George: It maybe our English teacher. He often wears a black jacket.Mary: Yes, it ©must be him.2 .使用恰当的情态动词补全下列语段Recently I' ve found that some of my classmates study too late into the night. They can' tspare enough time for a rest during the day, either. No wonder they canfall asleep in class. Also, some classmates seldom have breakfast. Certainly, it will surely do harm to their health. In my opinion, having enough sleep and a proper diet is extremely important. We must learn to make wise use of our time. Only in this way can we keep fit and study well. Do you agree with me?*Could/Can I get something to drink?能给我来点喝的吗？(表示请求)3. can表示推测，译为“可能”，用在否定句和疑问句中。can' t表示否定推测，译为“不 可能”。could表示推测时，不表示过去时，而表示推测的可能性比can小。*The ground isn' t wet. It can' t have rained last night.地面不湿。昨晚不可能下雨了。*一Do you believe what he says?你相信他说的话吗？一Yes, it could be true.是的。可能是真的。(表示推测)【知识延伸】(l)can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。(2)在表示请求许可时，can与could没有时间区别，在语气上could更加委婉客气。表示推测时，can' t+动词原形，表示对现在或将来情况的否定推测；can' t +be+动词-ing形式表示对现在或将来正在进行的动作的否定推测；can' t+have+动词-ed形式表示对 过去情况的否定推测。【巧学助记】can有能力允许，否定不可能can表示“能够”和“允许”；否定式can，t可表示否定推测，表示“不可能”。【知识延伸】can与be able tocan与be able to表示能力时，是同义的。但原形can只有can和过去式could两种形式，若 需其他时态则用be able to。can泛指一般的能力。be able to则主要指具体做到了某件事 的能力。表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to,而不能用can。* He can/is able to speak two foreign languages.他会讲两门外语。* 1 11 be able to drive the car in a week.一周后我将能够开车了。* 1 was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over.船翻了，我最后游到了岸上。即学活用用恰当的情态动词填空。(2018 北京高考)In today" s information age, the loss of data cancause serious problems for a company.We canchoose between staying at home and taking a trip during the holiday.一Can/CouldI use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can.(2)He can' t be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们的经理。他已经去北京了。(3) (2018 天津高考)Bob thought he couldn' t go to the partybecause he had to write a report, but he went after all.鲍勃原以为他不能去参加聚会，因为他必须写一份报告，但他终究还是去了。(4)I can' t thank youtoo much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我对你感激不尽，因为你在我们不在家时帮助了我的儿子。二、may 与 might1. 在疑问句中用于征求对方的许可，表示“可以"。might不表示过去，表示一种比较委婉 的口气。*May I make a suggestion?我可以提个建议吗？(表示请求别人的允许)2. may表示“可以”，即表示说话人同意、许可。但表示“不可以，不许，禁止”时，常用 must not (mustn, t)。*(2019 全国卷 II) You may want to be a pilot but can' t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.你可能想成为一名飞行员，但因为你的视力不够好，你不能当飞行员。*You may leave if you like.如果你想离开，你可以离开。3. may/might表示推测，意为“可能”。此时might不表示过去，只是表示的可能性更小。 may/might not表示"可能不"。*Don' t go near the river. It may be very deep.不要靠近那条河。它可能很深。is not in the living room. She might be cooking lunch in the kitchen. 妈妈不在客厅。她可能正在厨房做午饭。【知识延伸】(1) umay/might as well+动词原形”结构用来建议或劝说某人做某事，有时相当于had better,意为“还不如，不妨”。*We may/might just as well have a try.我们试一下未尝不可。(2)may用于表示祝愿的句子中。*May you succeed!祝你成功！(表示祝愿)*May you both be very happy!祝你们俩幸福!表示推测时，may, might和could都表示“可能”。后跟动词原形，表示对现在或将来 情况的推测；后跟be+动词-ing形式表示对现在或将来正在进行的动作的推测；后跟have+ 动词-ed形式表示对过去情况的推测。即学活用'根据语境完成下面的对话。一Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?一Yes, you may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，你可以。一I really don' t like James. Why did you invite him?一Don' t worry. He might notcome.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？别担心。他或许不会来。(2) (2020 浙江高考)After a long run, you may feel likeyou' re in pain, you may feel tired.在长跑之后，你可能会感到疼痛，你可能会感到疲惫。(3) (2018 江苏高考)Kids shouldn' t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.译文：孩子们不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们可能模仿他们所看到的东西。【补偿训练】(l)May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！（2）You may/might as well tellhim the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。（3）He may/eight well stayin Beijing now.他现在很可能待在北京。三、must1.表示“必须”；用于第一人称时，表示说话人认为有义务、有必要做某事；用于第二、三 人称时，表示说话人的命令或要求别人做某事；用于疑问句中表示询问对方的意图。* We must keep quiet in the library.在图书馆我们必须保持安静。* （2020 新高考全国 I 卷）Museums must compete for people, s spare time and money with other amusements.博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间和金钱。* 一Must we hand in our exercise books today?No,you don' t have to/needn, t.* 今天我们必须交上练习册吗？不，不必交。2. mustn' t表示“不许，禁止”，语气较强烈。*Cars mustn' t be parked here.此地不准停车。（mustn' t表示禁止）3. must表示肯定的推测，意为“准是，一定是"，通常只用于肯定句。*This must be good for you.这肯定对你是有益的。（表肯定推测）4. must表示推测must表示推测时，仅用于肯定句，否定句要用can' t。对现在或将来的推测用must,若对过 去动作进行推测，则用must have done。*You haven' t eaten anything since morning, you must be hungry.你从早晨就没吃东西，你肯定饿了。*He can' t be at home. I haven' t seen him for a long time.他不可能在家，我好长时间没见到他了。5. must表示坚持，意为“非要，偏要”。*Must you make so much noise?你就非得弄出这么多的噪音吗？(表示非要，偏要)6. must 与 have to 的区别。两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重指说话者的主观看法，说话人认为有必要或有义务去 做某事；have to侧重指客观需要，含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。*Everyone must keep the law.人人都要守法。*The last train has gone. We' 11 have to walk home.最后一班车已经离开了。我们不得不走回家了。从时态方面看，must只有原形一种形式，而have to则有多种时态形式，也可以有非 谓语动词形式。(3)must的否定式mustn, t意为“一定不要，不允许"；而have to的否定式don' t have to意为“不必”(=ne必n' t) o*You don' t have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。【知识延伸】(l)mustn' t表示"禁止，不许”；不表示推测。(2)must表示肯定推测，用于肯定句，译为“一定，肯定”；can，t表示否定推测，译为“不可能”。(3)must引导的疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn' t或don' t have to。即学活用'根据语境猜测黑体部分的词义。(2019 天津高考)Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.(必须)But life must be pretty tough for his family now.(一定，肯定)Next,give way to passers-by politely at the crossroads and you mustn' t run thered light.(禁止，不许)(2)We must actas quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你只告诉我们你能否承担这项任务就行。(3)I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。（4）You mustn' t pinywith the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀，否则你会伤到你自己的。（5）If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。四、will与would的基本用法1 .表示意愿，will用于指现在的意愿，would用于指过去的意愿。2 . will和would可用于征求意见或提出请求，此时would不表示过去，只是语气更委婉。3 . would 通常与 like, love, prefer, be glad, be happy 等连用，用于提出想法。4 .表示习惯或倾向：既可指某人特有的习惯，也可指事物的自然倾向。will表示现在的习惯, would表示过去的习惯。*If he will, he can do it.如果他愿意，他会做的。（will用于条件句，用于第三人称）Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?请问到邮局怎么走？（表示客气请求）*Would you give me your address?请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（用would比will更客气）*1 found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess. 我发现退 休的人经常到公园里下棋。（表示过去的习惯）*（2019 浙江高考）Only on special occasions would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands.只有在特殊情况下，他们才会把它拿出来，让我们握在手中。（表示习惯或倾向）即学活用'（1）单句改错。When I was a child, I will visit my grandpa every week, （will 改为 would）Will you like to come to the party tonight? （Will 改为 Would）If she would, she can sit here waiting for our manager, （would 改为 will）WiH/Would you pleaseclose the window?请你把窗户关上好吗？（3）I will never talk tohim again.我再也不会和他说话了。Fish will diewithout water.没有水，鱼会死的。五、shall与should的基本用法1. shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称和第三人称；在陈述句中表示说 话者的允诺、告诫、威胁,、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。2. should意思是“应该”。表示责任或义务，也可用于提出建议或劝告。表示推测时，意为 “按理说应该”。*Shall he come to see you?要不要他来看你？（用于第三人称疑问句）*Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.告诉他明天给他这本书。（表允诺）* The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st.这些规定于1月1日起生效。（表示规定）* （2020 全国 I 卷）In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique.事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习适当的技术。* You shouldn, t judge a man always by the clothes.你不应该总是以貌取人。（shouldn' t “不应该”，含有劝告的意思）【知识延伸】（1） should可用于虚拟语气中。* 1 insisted that he （should）stay.我坚持要他留下。（should可省略）* He suggested that she （should）come another day.他建议她改天再来。（should可省略）should用于某些句式中表示说话者的惊讶。* It' s strange that he should come so late.他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。* 1' m sorry that this should have happened.我很遗憾，竟发生了这事儿。即学活用(1)All payments shall be paidby the end of the month according to the agreement.根据协议，本月底所有款项必须付清。(2)If you will listen to me, you shall gota new bike.如果你愿意听我的话，你就会得到一辆新自行车。(3)When you are tired, you shouldn' t go on workingand should havea good rest. 当你疲倦时，你不应该继续工作，应该好好休息一下。(4) It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring m。food.让我觉得难过的是他们本身就很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。六、need 与 dare1. 二者都可以作情态动词和行为动词。当作情态动词时，后面要接动词原形，通常用于否定 句、疑问句和条件句中。用作行为动词时，其变化和一般的动词相同，有人称和数的变化，构 成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do, does, dido dare用作行为动词，用于否定句和疑 问句时，常省略后面的to。*He needn' t worry about it.他不需要担心这件事。Ware you tell her the truth?你敢告诉她真相吗？2. need作行为动词时，若主语为动作的承受者，用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式 的被动形式。*These flowers need watering/to be watered.这些花儿需要被浇。3. I dare say为习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。*1 dare say (that) you are right.我想你是对的。【知识延伸】回答need的问句need引导的一般疑问句的答语，肯定用must,否定用needrf t。*一Need I go with her? 我需要和她一起去吗？一Yes, you must.是的，你必须去。No, you needn' t.不，你不必去。