高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdom培优练习（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

Unit 2 The United Kingdom培优练习（时间：100分钟;满分：120分） 一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AThe brain is a remarkable part. It' s responsible for thoughts and feelings. Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact. The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six一and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers一were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood. It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing （使内在化）the stresses experienced years earlier.Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child' s brain can change in response to lots of stress. They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if, as kids, they，d lived in poverty. Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape. But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21. Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors. Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids. And, she concludes, “This is not necessarily harmful. " To some extent, that's just life. What can be dangerous, she says, is when children experience too many forms of difficulties. Her team' s new data suggest that the tougher the childhood, the stronger the impact on the brain might be.What' s happening in the world around us relates to how we feel. Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression. Still, she notes, it' s possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression, you might be able to prevent the changes seen here. " If you can change the environment, you can change the course of things, “ Sarah says. So, she recommends, if teens develop anxiety or depression, it' s good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.1. When people had a hard childhood, .A. they will have a brave attitude to lifeB. their way of thinking may be strangeC. they will be good at dealing with stress答案和解析一、阅读理解【语篇解读】本文为说明文，题材为科普环保类。研究表明童年经历的压力和困难会影响 到成年时的大脑的形状和大小。1D【解析】推理判断题。由第一段可知，六岁以前经历许多压力，且青少年时期变得抑郁 和焦虑的孩子，长大后其大脑与其他人的不同。2. D 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段 But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked可知，这是第一次把早期的压力和后期的大脑变化联系起来。3. C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段 What can be dangerous, she says, is when children experience too many forms of difficulties可知，经历不同种类的苦难对孩子是很不利 的。4. B【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice可知，Sarah建议寻求专业心理医生的帮助。【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了发展旅游与保护当地居民权益之间会存在一 些问题。5. D【解析】推理判断题。文章一开始就讲到了如果没有适当的计划，旅游业可能面临一些 问题。与前文从正反两方面来论述。因此可以断定选文前的一段应该是从正面论述的。6. B【解析】细节理解题。文章提到了旅游业应促进旅游地当地人习俗的保持，暗含现在可 能是改变或破坏了他们的习俗，但是并未提到会改变游客的习俗问题，因此正确答案为B 项。7. B【解析】推理判断题。可利用排除法，也可直接根据"They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy, ” 一句推断得出结论。8. D【解析】推理判断题。由全文可知，A、B、C三项明显不符合旅游业的好处，也违背了 常理，因此正确答案为D项。【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了伦敦的书店，从出名的书店到街边小推车书摊等。9. D【解析】句意猜测题。由第一段可知，伦敦人买大量的报纸、杂志和书籍来阅读，故D 项正确。10. B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段的 uThere are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. ” 可知 B 项正确。11. B【解析】短语猜测题。由语境可知，要想买便宜的二手书就要离开这些方便的书店去 伦敦东部，那儿有人把书放在推车上卖，也就是“从繁忙的街道到僻静的地方”，故B项 正确。12. C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段的 “The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small handcarts.” 可矢口 C 项正确。【语篇解读】这是一篇故事。三个坐火车旅行的人对“什么世界上最伟大的奇迹”这一 问题给予了不同的回答。13. B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，对于“世界上最伟大的奇迹是什么”这一问题 三人各有各自的观点。故本题选B。14. C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段后两句可知选C。15. C【解析】推理判断题。由短文最后一段可得出答案。二、阅读填句16-20 GBFCE三、完形填空【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文，题材为日常生活类。作者因为没有尽其所能去帮助他人 而遗憾，也因此意识到我们应该发自内心地尽最大努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。21. B【解析】由第二段.give him half of what I had. . . him one dollar 和倒数第 二段Now I 36 have the other dollar in my wallet可判断，作者总共只有两美元。22. D【解析】因为目前手头很紧，所以作者决定不给钱。23. D【解析】由作者随后返回可判断，他认为一分钱都不给是不对的，所以决定返回给钱。24. A【解析】参见上题解析。25. C【解析】由He said, “God bless you! ”可知，作者递给了乞丐1美元。26. B【解析】由上句乞丐和作者的对话可知，他们的语言交流非常简单。27. D【解析】由文章第一句 While driving home today 及第二段 I rolled down my window 可知，作者是开车走的。28. A【解析】由上一段可知，他们的语言交流很少，所以作者想要是对他多说一些话就好 了。29. C【解析】作者现在只是心里这么想，但其实他当时就是不敢多说一句，也不敢将钱都 给别人。30. B【解析】 作者没有尽其所能，也不是发自内心想帮助他人，所以他觉得自己忽略了 一条助人的原则。31. D【解析】由下文not giving it all from my heart的提示可判断选D项。32. A【解析】或许正是通过未发自内心地帮助他人，作者此时才没能感受到助人的快乐。33. B【解析】作者本来能接受到那种助人之后的好心情的，但如今没有，由此语境可判断 选B项。34. D【解析】作者心里不内疚，但是很难过，由前后的转折关系可判断选D项。35. A【解析】作者选择给1美元而不是2美元，因此而难过，故选A项。36. C【解析】给出1美元后现在依然还有1美元，故选C项。37. B【解析】作者希望很快会有机会给出这1美元，故选B项。38. C【解析】由上文.I wished that I had given him all that I had的提示再结合 下一句的意思可判断选C项。39. A【解析】尽管我们确实需要钱来给孩子们买东西，但我们也应该尽最大努力去帮助需 要帮助的人，由此语境可判断选A项。40. C【解析】参见上题解析。四、语法填空41. Compared【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处的it与compare之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。42. less【解析】考查形容词的用法。此处意为：写日记花更少的时间。little的比较级 是 lesso43. If【解析】考查连词的用法。此处意为：如果我们保持练习，我们会逐渐学会用英语表 达自己。44. difficulties【解析】考查名词的用法。many修饰可数名词复数。45. it【解析】考查代词的用法。此处是it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。46. (in)finding【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in)doing sth. “做某事遇到了 麻烦”。47. am concerned【解析】考查固定结构。as far as I am concerned "在我看来”。48. down【解析】考查动词短语。此处意为：我们先把它记在笔记本上。put down "记 下”。49. useful【解析】考查形容词的用法。is是系动词，后接形容词作表语。50. the【解析】考查冠词的用法。此处特指“我们写作技能的发展”。五、短文改错forHello, everyone! I would like to share my travel experience you. Lastoursbutsummer, school had an exchange programme with an American school, ; I tookourandstaythatpart in it with many classmates. We ; at host families, . , gave us anstayedwhichopportunity to learn more about America. The main part of our programme was toCompare .experience the school life in the America.7 with Chinese students, AmericanComparedhomeworksstudents were very open and active. Besides, they had less - and fewerhomeworkexams. During the visit, I made friends with some American students, who were very interesting .; in Chinese culture. I think the programme is of great benefit to us asinterestedwell as the American students.六、书面表达【参考范文】Ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to Qingdao. I'm very delighted to be youc guide here. I'd like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction of our city.Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong Province. It is famous for its blue sea and beautiful beaches. Tens of thousands of people from all over the world come to visit the city every summer. You can walk along the beaches, go swimming, or do some shopping. Especially attractive are the building groups of the Eastern-and-Western style mixed houses and villas.Thanks again for listening. Wish you a good time in Qingdao!D. the shape of their brain may be changed2. What is the breakthrough of the new research?A. The size of the brain can change.B. The brain can be influenced by stress.C. Poverty can affect the brain，s shape in future.D. Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.3. It' s a problem when children .A. had a lonely childhoodB. led a peaceful childhoodC. got different kinds of hardshipD. experienced limited hard times4. For teenagers with anxiety, Sarah suggests .A. they adapt to their lifeB. they seek professional helpC. they talk to friends or relativesD. they become confident and optimisticBWithout proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They began to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country, s economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country- keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country, s economy can suffer.On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Business can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owner of the hotel lose money.Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.5. Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?A. It is extremely important to develop tourism.B. Building roads and hotel is essential.C. Support facilities are highly necessary.D. Planning is of great importance to tourism.6. Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT.A. a bad effect on other industriesB. a change of tourists' customsC. over-crowdedness of places of interestD. pressure on traffic7. It can be inferred from the text that.A. the author doesn, t like tourism developing so fastB. local people will benefit from tourist attractionsC. other parts of a country? s economy won，t benefit from tourism muchD. we can' t build too many support facilities8. The author thinks it is good for local people to know that tourism will.A. waste a lot of moneyB. weaken their economyC. help establish their customsD. help improve their lifeCLondoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of booksespecially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper“ books, too, printed on good paper and bound（装订）between hard covers.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in bookselling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in the world“ to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens' time. Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of books, but many of them specialize in second -hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the countless subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second-hand books, the collector must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the EastCentral district of London. Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops. The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small handcarts. And the collectors, some professionals and some amateurs, have been waiting for them. In places like this they can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old one that may be worth many pounds.9. “Londoners are great readers. " means thatA. Londoners are great because they read a lotB. there are a great number of readers in LondonC. Londoners are readers who read only great booksD. Londoners read a lot10. According to this passage, Charring Cross RoadA. is in the suburbs of LondonB. is famous for its bookshopsC. contains various kinds of shopsD. is the busiest street in London11. In this passage, what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean?A. Buy books in a most busy street.B. Move away from a busy street.C. Waste time looking for books.D. Take a risk of losing one's life.12. On Farringdon Road, .A. you can find fine bookshops for the latest booksB. there are only small bookshops for the secondhand booksC. you can see booksellers selling books on handcartsD. the same books as the ones in the bookshops of Charring Cross Road are soldThree men traveling on a train began a conversation about the world? s greatest wonders.“In my opinion, “ the first man said, “the Egyptian pyramids are the world? s greatest wonder. Although they were built thousands of years ago, they are still standing. And remember： the people who built them had only simple tools. They did not have the kind of machinery that builders and engineers have today. ”“I agree that the pyramids in Egypt are wonderful, “ the second man said, “but I do not think they are the greatest wonder. I believe computers are more wonderful than the pyramids. They have taken people to the moon and brought them back safely. In seconds, they carry out mathematical calculations that would take a person a hundred years to do. ”He turned to the third man and asked, “What do you think is the greatest wonder in the world?”The third man thought for a long time, and then he said, “Well, I agree that the pyramids are wonderful, and I agree that computers are wonderful, too. However, in my opinion, the most wonderful thing in the world is this thermos. ”And he took a thermos out of his bag and held it up.The other two men were very surprised. "A thermos? ” they exclaimed. "But that? s a simple thing. ”“Oh, no, it' s not, “ the third man said. "In the winter you put in a hot drink and it stays hot. In the summer you put in a cold drink and it stays cold. How does the thermos know whether it' s winter or summer? ”13. . The three men could not agree on what the worldy s greatest wonder was because.A. they could not think of anything very wonderfulB. they all had different ideasC. they could not prove that their opinions were rightD. the journey ended too soon14. The first man thought the pyramids were the most wonderful things in the world because.A. they were very beautifulB. they were EgyptianC. they had been built with very simple toolsD. they could do mathematical calculations15. The third man thought a thermos was the most wonderful thing in the world because.A. it lasted longer than the pyramidsB. it cost less than a computerC. he thought it knew whether it was winter or summerD. the other two men were surprised when he told them about it 二、阅读填句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。If something that you' re doing doesn' t challenge you, then it doesn' t change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 16 So challenge the following limits：1. Figure out what you，re scared of and do it continuously.If you' re a salesman, and you' re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone,