2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟真题三.docx
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二模拟真题三材料题根据以下材料,回答1-20题There's always inst(江南博哥)ant relief if you arrive at the pharmacy just in time to pick up a prescription. 1 successfully running through the aisles to get to the back of the store, it's hard not to think about why the pharmacy 2 is so hidden in the first place. Store owners want people walking around more, not for 3, but sales. Putting the pharmacy in the back of the store is an almost 4 way stores 5 you into spending more money. That's because prescriptions are "destination products," explains Brian Cairns, a marketing consultant who has 6 working with pharmacies. These are the products that make you go to the store in the first place. If these items are in the back of the store, you need to walk 7 the aisles to 8 and leaveupping the 9 you'll purchase something impulsively. If you're guilty of this bad shopping habit, you need to use these 10 tricks to spend less money 11 shopping because the same strategy is also the reason why candy and gum are near the 12 according to Christine Michael Carter, a global marketing strategist. The more time spent in the store and the 13 it is to see and find products, the greater the chance people will buy more. At the same time, there's a 14 reason for keeping pharmacy counters stashed in the back. "Pharmacies need a fair bit of storage space for the medications and medical equipment they 15, so it makes 16 to put them in the back of the store because it's close to the loading dock and furthest from the door," Bolton says. And although pharmacy 17 are rare, they're not 18 of, according to Pharmacy Times. Putting the pharmacy at the back of the store requires a bit more time and effort for 19 robbers. It also 20 the risk of getting caught, Bolton explains.查看材料1. 【完形填空】第1题答案是A. AfterB. WhileC. LestD. Before 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本文前两段指出,药店区域如此隐秘,会增加冲动购物的概率;第三段指出,需要使用心理学技巧来减少购物时的花费;最后一段指出,把药店柜台隐藏在后面的实际意义。此空格所在句意为:成功地穿过过道到达商店后面之后,你第一反应很难不去想为什么药店区域如此隐秘。本句前后部分为时间先后关系,只有在成功地穿过过道到达商店的后面,你才会知道药店区域如此隐秘,故选项A为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为: 在期间。表示的是主从句的动作同时发生,与原文语义不符,故排除;选项C意为:唯恐,以免。表示的是一种条件关系,与文意不符,故排除;选项D意为:在之前。代入后行文逻辑与原文相反,故排除。查看材料2. 【完形填空】第2题答案是A. disciplineB. equipmentC. sectionD. licence 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】本空格所在句指出:成功地穿过过道到达商店后面之后,你第一反应很难不去想为什么药店区域如此隐秘。原文首段提到到药店拿处方药,那么要到达的肯定是药店区域,成功地穿过过道到达商店的后面后,才发现药店区域如此隐秘,选项C符合原意,为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:学科;纪律。选项B意为:配备,装备。选项D意为:许可证,执照。其余三项代入后分别是“医药学科装备执照”,语义上可以搭配,但均与本文到药店拿处方药的语境不符,故排除。查看材料3. 【完形填空】第3题答案是A. careB. exerciseC. nutritionD. benefit 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句指出:商店老板希望人们多走动,不是为了锻炼,而是为了促销。走动是一种运动或者锻炼方式,选项B语义得当,为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:关怀。选项C意为:营养。选项D意为:利益,好处。代入后与文意相悖,促销本身就是一种利益、好处,故排除。查看材料4. 【完形填空】第4题答案是A. inevitableB. defendableC. vulnerableD. invisible 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意:把药店设在商店的后面,是不易察觉的一种商家诱使你花更多钱的方式。此处很显然,这种促销方式与其他不同之处在于这种促销方式是不明显的,是别人不易察觉的,选项D为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:不可避免的。选项B意为:可防御的。选项C意为:易受伤害的。其余三项代入后,均与本文此处语境不相符,故均排除。查看材料5. 【完形填空】第5题答案是A. trickB. forceC. persuadeD. suggest 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句指出:把药店设在商店的后面,是不易察觉的一种商家诱使你花更多钱的方式。此处需要填入一个动词与into搭配,trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物,trick sb. into doing sth.为固定搭配,表“诱使某人做某事”。药店以一种不易察觉的方式诱使顾客消费,符合上下文语义及逻辑,故选项A为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项B意为:迫使;推动。与into搭配,构成force sb. into doing sth.(强迫某人做某事),不符合原意;选项C意为:说服。与into搭配,构成persuade sb. into doing sth.(说服某人做某事),不符合原意;选项D意为:建议。不能与into搭配,故排除。查看材料6. 【完形填空】第6题答案是A. difficultyB. liabilityC. experienceD. interest 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句解释上文所说的药店区域设置在隐秘处的原因,意为:Brian Cairns,一位有药店工作经验的销售顾问,解释说这是因为处方药是“目的地产品”。结合上下文语义,选项C(经验;经历)have experience (in) doing sth. 表示做某事有经验,为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:困难。(have) difficulty (in doing sth.) 意为“做某事有困难”,代入文中表示“与药店合作有困难”,那么可能就不会对此原因有所了解,故排除;选项B意为:责任;债务。liability不能与have和in doing sth构成合理搭配,故排除;选项D意为:兴趣;爱好。(have) interest (in doing sth.)意为“做某事有兴趣”,代入文中表示“对与药店合作有兴趣”,不能得知一定会对此原因有了解,D项排除。查看材料7. 【完形填空】第7题答案是A. beyondB. throughC. withinD. towards 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果这些东西都在商店的后面,你需要穿过过道来结账并离开,这就增加了你冲动购买东西的机会。根据逻辑,买药品的药店在商店的后面,自然是需要穿过过道。表示“穿过”的只有选项B,同时呼应前文第二段第一句的running through,故选项B为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A意为:在另一边。选项C意为:在之内;在里面。选项D意为:朝,向;趋向。根据以上分析,其余三项均不符合此处语境,故排除。查看材料8. 【完形填空】第8题答案是A. break intoB. get acrossC. find outD. check out 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果这些东西都在商店的后面,你需要穿过过道来结账并离开,这就增加了你冲动购买东西的机会。根据逻辑,买完药品后必须得结账才能离开,故选项D(结账)为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A意为:打断,闯入。选项B意为:解释清楚,传达。选项C意为:找出,查明。其余三项代入后均不符合文章此处语境,故排除。查看材料9. 【完形填空】第9题答案是A. chancesB. responsesC. benefitsD. missions 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果这些东西都在商店的后面,你需要穿过过道来结账并离开,这就增加了你冲动购买东西的机会。前文提及商店利用隐形方式使顾客多消费,穿过过道要经过其他商品,故我们可以推测出这增加了冲动购物的机会。选项A(机会)为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为:反应;回答。选项C意为:利益;好处。选项D意为:使命;任务。其余三项代入后分别意为“增加了冲动购物的反应好处任务”,均不符合此处语境,故排除。查看材料10. 【完形填空】第10题答案是A. philosophyB. philologyC. physiologyD. psychology 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果你为有这种坏的购物习惯感到内疚,你需要使用这些心理学技巧来减少购物时花费.。结合上下文,我们可以推测出选项D(心理学)符合原文意,为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:哲学。选项B意为:语言学。选项C意为:生理学。四个选项在词形上相似度高,辨析起来有一定难度,其余三项分别意为“哲学语言学生理学”,均不符合语境,故均排除。查看材料11. 【完形填空】第11题答案是A. whileB. sinceC. unlessD. whereas 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果你为有这种坏的购物习惯感到内疚,你需要使用这些心理学技巧来减少购物时花费.。此处的购物表示的是购物期间,选项A(在.期间)为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项B意为:自以来。选项C意为:除非。选项D意为:然而,但是。其余三项代入后语义及逻辑混乱,故均排除。查看材料12. 【完形填空】第12题答案是A. distanceB. horizonC. counterD. entrance 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句意为:如果你为有这种坏的购物习惯感到内疚,你需要使用这些心理学技巧来减少购物时花费,因为同样的策略也解释了糖果和口香糖靠近收银台的原因.。根据常识可知,超市里的糖果和口香糖靠近收银台,这也是促销的一种方式,选项C(收银台)为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A意为:距离。选项B意为:视野;眼界。选项D意为:入口;进入。其余三项代入后分别意为“靠近距离视野入口的原因”,均与本文此处语境不符,故排除。查看材料13. 【完形填空】第13题答案是A. slowerB. easierC. fasterD. tougher 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】空格所在句意为:在商店里花的时间越多,越容易看到和找到产品,人们买东西的机会就越多。根据逻辑,在商店逗留的时间越长,越容易看到和找到商品,故选项B为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A意为:更慢的。选项C意为:更快的。选项D意为:更困难的。其余三项代人后均与此处语境不符,故排除。查看材料14. 【完形填空】第14题答案是A. arguableB. strangeC. practicalD. plausible 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】空格所在句意为:与此同时,把药房的柜台藏在后面也是有一个务实可行的理由的。后文对此句进行了具体的解释说明,之所以把药店设在商店的后面,是因为后面靠近卸货区,由此可知,这是根据实际情况做出的安排,是具有实际意义的,选项C(实际的)为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A意为:可争辩的,可辩驳的。选项B意为:奇怪的;陌生的。选项D意为:看似合理的。其余三项代入后语义及逻辑不当,故均排除。查看材料15. 【完形填空】第15题答案是A. releaseB. distributeC. issueD. deliver 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】空格所在句意为:药店需要相当大的储存空间来存放他们的药品和医疗设备。选项B(分配,配置)代入后符合此处语境,故正确。【选项辨析】选项A意为:释放;解除。选项C意为:发行,发布。选项D意为:递送;履行。其余三项代入后语义及逻辑均与原文不符,故均排除。查看材料16. 【完形填空】第16题答案是A. effortB. readyC. differenceD. sense 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】空格所在句指出,药店需要相当大的储存空间来存放他们的药品和医疗设备,所以把它们放在商店的后面是有意义的,因为那儿靠近卸货区并且离门最远。根据前后文我们可以推测出,选项D(make sense 有意义的)为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:努力。构成make efforts to do sth.的搭配,effort必须是复数,且不符合原文大意,故排除;选项B意为:准备就绪。代入后构成搭配make ready to,表示“做好的准备”,与此处语境不符,故排除;选项C意为:重大变化,明显效果。要构成make a difference或者make differences的搭配,difference需在前面加不定冠词或者变为复数,故排除。查看材料17. 【完形填空】第17题答案是A. robberiesB. programsC. techniciansD. graduates 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句提及:根据Pharmacy Times,尽管药店抢劫案非常少见,但也不是没听过。结合后文中的robbers(Putting the pharmacy at the back of the store requires a bit more time and effort for . robbers.) 我们可以推测出,此处所说的应是药店抢劫案,选项A(抢劫案)为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为:程序;计划。选项C意为:技术员,技师。选项D意为:毕业生。由以上分析可知,其余三项代入后均不能正确体现出上下文的关系,且这三个选项与下文的robbers都不存在直接联系,故均排除。查看材料18. 【完形填空】第18题答案是A. unbelievedB. unheardC. dislikedD. unlocked 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】空格所在句指出,虽然药店抢劫案很少见,但也不是。通过although可知前后为转折对比关系,rare与not unheard相对,虽然很少见,但也不是没见过或没听过,符合转折的逻辑,B项unheard符合文意,故B项正确。【选项辨析】选项A意为:不相信。代入后,语义看似合理,但是少见和不被相信表达的意思不同,故排除;选项C意为:不喜欢。选项D意为:未上锁。C、D项代入后语义及逻辑均不当,故排除。查看材料19. 【完形填空】第19题答案是A. would-beB. terribleC. violentD. first-rate 正确答案:A参考解析:【答题思路】本空所在句指出:把药店设在商店后面,会消耗潜在抢劫犯更多的时间和精力。前文说到药店抢劫案很少见,那么劫匪出现的概率也相应的比较低,选项A(可能的;潜在的)符合上下文语境,为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为:可怕的;糟糕的。选项C意为:暴力的;极端的。选项D意为:第一流的;最佳的。其余三项均能修饰robbers,但代入后不符合上下文逻辑,故排除。查看材料20. 【完形填空】第20题答案是A. hidesB. expressesC. easesD. raises 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】前文提及:把药店设在商店后面,会消耗潜在抢劫犯更多的时间和精力。本空所在句用到了also,我们可以推测本句为前句补充:这也增加了他们被抓的机会。选项D(增加)为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为:隐藏。选项B意为:表达。根据以上分析,A、B项代入后语义不当,故排除;选项C意为:缓解。C项代入后与文意相悖,故排除。材料题根据下面资料,回答21-25题As many countries emerge from lockdowns, researchers are prepared to use genome sequencing to avoid an expected second wave of COVID-19 infections. Since the first whole-genome sequence of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was shared online on 11 January, scientists have sequenced and shared some 32,000 viral genomes from around the world. Such a vast amount of data has allowed researchers to trace the origin of COVID-19 outbreaks in their countries and pinpoint when community transmission occurred. Now, countries that have successfully suppressed infections are entering the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemicwhere there's a risk of new cases appearing as social restrictions ease. Researchers say that genomics will be crucial to quickly track and control these outbreaks. Studies already show that outbreaks tend to be shorter and smaller when genomics is used to help contact tracing. "When there are few cases, genomics can very quickly tell you what you're dealing with and therefore guide precision interventions," says Gytis Dudas, a consulting bioinformatician at the Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre in Sweden. Several places are particularly well placed to do that because they invested in genome sequencing early in the pandemic and have a relatively small number of cases. Researchers in New Zealand, and at least one state in Australia decided that they would aim to sequence most coronavirus genomes in their country or state. As SARS-CoV-2 spread around the world, distinct lineages began to form as viruses circulating in different regions gradually evolved. By comparing sequences, researchers can quickly rule out possible lines of transmission if two sequences don't match, or link together cases that do. Scientists in the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries are also sequencing SARS-CoV-2 from a large proportion of cases there, but because their epidemics are still ongoing and case numbers are high, genomies is being used to monitor spread and help identify the source of some cases where contact tracing fails. But such interventions depend on broad sampling, and so in places where diagnostic testing is limited, there will also be gaps in the genomie data. But the use of genomie analysis to help contact tracing is largely restricted to high-income countries, says Meru Sheel, an epidemiologist at the Australian National University in Canberra. She would like to see genomies considered as a tool for outbreak responses in resource-limited countries in the Asia-Pacific region, as it was in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone and Guinea during the Ebola outbreak.查看材料21. 【阅读理解Part A】According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements about the genome sequence can be inferred?A. It was only shared to scientists.B. With it, the origin of COVID-19 can be traced.C. It cannot be applied to prevent the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.D. It was shared through a virtual method. 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文第一段,关键词genome sequence。根据第一段第二句:Since the first whole-genome sequence of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was shared online on 11 January, scientists have sequenced and shared some 32,000 viral genomes from around the world. (自1月11日全网共享第一个新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的全基因组序列以来,科学家们已经对来自世界各地的约32000个病毒基因组进行了测序并共享。)由此我们可以知道全基因组序列是在网上共享的,选项DIt was shared through a virtual method.(它通过虚拟方式共享)与原文中shared online(网上共享)相呼应,故为正确答案。【选项辨析】首段大意为:随着许多国家解除封锁,研究人员准备利用基因组测序,以避免预期中第二波COVID-19传播的到来。自1月11日全网共享第一个新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的全基因组序列以来,科学家们已经对来自世界各地的约32000个病毒基因组进行了测序并分享。如此大量的数据使研究人员能够追踪其国家COVID-19疫情的来源,并查明人群传播发生的时间。选项A:它只共享给科学家。由第一段第二句可知全基因组序列不是只被分享给了科学家而是全网共享,故排除;选项B:有了基因组序列,可追溯新冠疫情的源头。此项为干扰项,第一段最后一句并没有提及,而是说追溯各国疫情传播的源头,本选项属于张冠李戴,故排除;选项C:它不能应用于阻止第二波COVID-19传播的到来。与首句所述相反,故排除。查看材料22. 【阅读理解Part A】It can be indicated from Gytis Dudas's words that .A. cases can be diagnosed with the help of genomiesB. there will be no risk of new cases if you take interventionsC. genomies can be useful for identifying the pandemic situationD. with few cases, researchers can track cases through infections 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】根据题干关键词Gytis Dudas定位至原文第二段,其中最后一句他提及:When there are few cases, genomics can very quickly tell you what youre dealing with and therefore guide precision interventions.(当病例很少的时候,基因组学可以很快地告诉你当下的情况,从而指导你做出精准的干预措施)由此我们可知选项Cgenomies can be useful for identifying the pandemic situation(基因组测序仪对确定当下的流行病情况大有用处)是原文的同义替换,为正确答案。【选项辨析】选项A:病例可以通过基因组的帮助进行诊断。属于无中生有,故排除;选项B:如果你采取干预措施,不会有新病例出现的风险。说法过于绝对,原文并未提及,故排除;选项D:由于病例很少,研究人员可以通过传染来追踪病例。属于偷换概念,离开了基因组学,溯源不一定可以实现,故排除。查看材料23. 【阅读理解Part A】The situations in the United Kingdom and the United States are mentioned to .A. show that interventions require considerable sample dataB. demonstrate the importance of the genome sequenceC. introduce the transmission routes of casesD. ask for resource support for researches 正确答案:B参考解析:【答题思路】根据题干关键词the United Kingdom the United States可定位至原文第四段第一句,该句前半句对英国、美国和其他国家的情况作了介绍:Scientists in the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries are also sequencing SARS-CoV-2 from a large proportion of cases there. 后半句表达转折:but because their epidemics are still ongoing and case numbers are high, genomics is being used to monitor spread and help identify the source of some cases where contact tracing fails.(但因为疫情仍在持续,且病例数量极多,基因组学也正被用于监测传播,并在追踪失败的情况下帮助确认一些病例的接触源头)因此,提到这些国家是为了说明基因组学在各国的应用,展现了基因组序列的重要性,故选项Bdemonstrate the importance of the genome sequence(展现基因组序列的重要性)正确。查看材料24. 【阅读理解Part A】What is the author's attitude towards genomies?A. ConcernedB. NegativeC. NeutralD. Indifferent 正确答案:C参考解析:【答题思路】根据原文前四段可以得知,基因组学有着多种用途,如“追踪各国疫情起源”“定位群体传播时间”“指导干预措施”等,充分表达了作者对基因组学的肯定。但在最后一段中,作者提到“使用基因组分析来帮助追踪接触者的办法主要限于高收入国家”,即认为该技术也存在一定局限性。因此结合全文可以得出,作者的态度是中立的,故选项C正确。查看材料25. 【阅读理解Part A】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. What can researchers do with genome sequence?B. When will the second wave of pandemic come?C. Why is genome sequence so important?D. How are countries using genomies to help avoid a second wave of COVID-19? 正确答案:D参考解析:【答题思路】本题考查文章最适合的标题,属于主旨题,需要关注文章的整体大意和关键词,尤其要重点关注文章前两段。根据文章的首段内容可知,“研究人员准备利用基因组测序来避免预计到来的第二波新冠肺炎疫情感染。”同时文章多次提及基因组学的用途,如“研究人员表示,基因组学对快速追踪和控制疫情爆发至关重要”“基因组学也正被用于监测传播,并在追踪失败的情况下帮助确认一些病例的接触源头”等。由此可以推测,各国都在通过基因组学来避免第二波新冠肺炎疫情,故选项DHow are countries using genomies to help avoid a second wave of COVID-19?(各国是如何使用基因组学来避免第二波新冠的?)正确。【选项辨析】选项A:研究人员可以利用基因组学来做什么?此选项以偏概全,不够宏观概括,故排除;选项B:第二波大流行什么时候会到来?文中未提及,故排除;选项C:为什么基因组学如此重要?与原文主旨不贴切,故排除。参考译文随着许多国家解除疫情封锁。研究人员准备利用基因组测序来避免预计到来的第二波新冠肺炎疫情。自从新的冠状病毒SARS