2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟真题一.docx

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二模拟真题一材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题The more parents t（江南博哥）alk to their children, the faster those children's vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. In 1995, Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the university of Kansas found a close 1 between the number of words a child's parents have spoken to him 2 the time he was three and his 3 success at the age of nine. At three, children born into professional families had 4 30m more words than those from a poorer background. This observation has profound 5 for policies about babies and their parents. It suggested that sending children to "pre-school" ( 6 or kindergartens) at the age of foura favored 7 among policymakerscomes too late to 8 for educational shortcomings at home. 9, understanding of how children's vocabularies develop is growing. One of the most striking 10 came from Anne Fernald, who has found that the difference 11 well before a child is three. Even at the 12 age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from 13 families are several months behind other more favored children. 14, Dr. Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth. She 15 how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mother's laps and showing them two images: a dog and a ball. A recorded voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his 16. This lets Dr. Fernald 17 the moment the child's gaze begins 18 towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from 19 backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds200 milliseconds faster than those from poorer families; This, says Dr. Fernald, is a/an 20 difference.查看材料1. 【完形填空】第(1)题选A. conflictB. correlationC. gapD. difference 正确答案：B参考解析：Aconflict冲突 Bcorrelation关联 Cgap间隙 Ddifference差异【答题思路】根据前文可知：父母对孩子说的越多，这些孩子的词汇增长越快，智力发育越好。后文between（意为.与.之间）之后接了the number of words a child's parents have spoken to him（孩子的父母对他说的话的数量），由此可推断被连接的二者之间有关联，填选项Bcorrelation最恰当。【选项辨析】根据首句意义，只有选项Bcorrelation填入与首句之间是承接，选项A C D填入空内都与首句意义不协调或产生转折。查看材料2. 【完形填空】第(2)题选A. by    B. at     C. during    D. after 正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】联系上下文，首段最后一句提到：三岁时，出生在职业家庭的孩子比出身相比较差的孩子多听到了3000万个单词。由此可推断，前文Betty Hart and Todd Risley所说的发现孩子到三岁时父母对他所说的词汇量与其九岁时的某种成功有关联，是指到三岁之前这个时间段内父母输入的词汇量，而不仅仅指三岁这一年。故选选项Aby。【选项辨析】选项Bat与选项Cduring都仅仅指三岁这一年，与原文意义不符；选项Dafter指三岁之后，与后文句意不符，后文已经指出三岁时两种不同背景下的孩子所听到的词汇量差异。查看材料3. 【完形填空】第(3)题选A. athletic   B. commercial  C. professional  D. academic 正确答案：D参考解析：Aathletic运动的 Bcommercial商业的 Cprofessional职业的 Dacademic学业的，学术的【答题思路】此处应选择孩子九岁时哪方面的成功与其到三岁时父母对其所说的词汇数量紧密相连，根据上文所说父母对孩子所说的词汇数量越多，孩子的词汇量增长越快，智力发展越好，可以得出父母对孩子说的词汇数量应该与孩子九岁时学业方面的成功有关。故选Dacademic。【选项辨析】选项ABC与前文意思不搭；针对选项Cprofessional，后文虽然有提到professional family进行干扰，看似有一点关联，实际上professional success偏向于指事业上的成功，不仅与前文的结论不相干，逻辑来看，九岁的孩子也不考虑事业的成功。查看材料4. 【完形填空】第(4)题选A. learnedB. spokenC. heardD. mastered 正确答案：C参考解析：Alearned学习 Bspoken说 Cheard听到 Dmastered精通【答题思路】根据前文第一句、第二句，都强调了父母对孩子多说（文中第一句使用了talk，第二句使用了spoken来强调）的重要性，由此可推断是孩子听到的词汇，故选Cheard。【选项辨析】首先，前文强调了父母说的重要性，从逻辑上应该选择Cheard听，排除了不符合原意的Bspoken说；其次，文中30m more words（超过三千万单词），从逻辑上来看，三岁的孩子Alearned学习或者Dmastered精通超过三千万单词是几乎不可能的。故排除选项AD。查看材料5. 【完形填空】第(5)题选A. implicationsB. manipulationsC. supervisionsD. requirements 正确答案：A参考解析：Aimplications含义；暗示；（可能的）影响Bmanipulations操纵，处理Csupervisions监督Drequirements要求【答题思路】profound意为深刻的、深远的。本句句意为：这一观察结果对有关婴儿及其父母的政策具有深远的含义。故选Aimplications。【选项辨析】根据前后文可以得知，这一观察结果对有关婴儿及其父母的政策具有深远的含义，原本决策者支持的政策是在孩子四岁时将其送往幼儿园（而上文提到孩子三岁前这个阶段也非常重要），然而观察结果表明，四岁送孩子去上幼儿园对于弥补家庭教育的短板来说，太过于迟了。选项Aimplications最符合题意，这个结果对决策起暗示作用同时带来了深远的影响。其余选项均不符合题意，并且后文并未提及政策已经改变，不存在观察结果操纵了这一政策。查看材料6. 【完形填空】第(6)题选A. collegesB. museumsC. gymsD. nurseries 正确答案：D参考解析：Acolleges学院 Bmuseums博物馆 Cgyms体育馆 Dnurseries托儿所【答题思路】原文括号中的内容是“pre-school”的近义词“kindergarten”，由此可得另一个词也是“pre-school”的近义词。故选Dnurseries。查看材料7. 【完形填空】第(7)题选A. stepB. reflectionC. threatD. illusion 正确答案：A参考解析：Astep步骤，措施 Breflection反映；反省 Cthreat威胁 Dillusion错觉【答题思路】favored意为“被推荐的；被看好的”。根据前后文可以推断，在孩子四岁时将其送往幼儿园，是一项在决策者中被推荐的“步骤、措施”。故选A。查看材料8. 【完形填空】第(8)题选A. eliminate  B. compensate  C. evaluate   D. highlight 正确答案：B参考解析：Aeliminate清除 Bcompensate弥补 Cevaluate评估 Dhighlight强调【答题思路】根据前后文理解，此句意为“要弥补家庭教育的短板，四岁去学前班太晚”，故选择选项Bcompensate“弥补”。【选项辨析】孩子四岁后去幼儿园并不能起到选项Aeliminate“清除”或C项evaluate“评估”家庭教育的短板的作用，并且此处的选项Aeliminate不与shortcoming做搭配使用。选项Dhighlight“强调”，四岁之后去上幼儿园不可能是为了“强调”家庭教育的不足，排除选项D。查看材料9. 【完形填空】第(9)题选A. WorriedlyB. ConsequentlyC. HappilyD. Unconsciously 正确答案：C参考解析：AWorriedly担心地 BConsequently因此 CHappily高兴地；幸运地 DUnconsciously不知不觉地【答题思路】understanding在此处意为（对某学科、过程或情况的）了解，认识。根据前文所述我们可以推断，后文提到“针对儿童如何增加词汇量的了解认识越来越多”这个现象，是一个好的、积极的现象，故选C项Happily“高兴地；幸运地”。【选项辨析】选项AWorriedly“担心地”与原文意义不符，排除A；选项BConsequently“因此”，前文说到在孩子四岁时送去幼儿园这项决策无法弥补家庭教育的短板，与后文针对儿童如何增加词汇量的了解认识越来越多这个现象并不构成因果关系，排除B；选项Dunconsciously“无意识地”，这些针对儿童如何增加词汇量的了解认识并不是无意识地发生的，排除D。查看材料10. 【完形填空】第(10)题选A. revelationsB. conventionsC. dimensionsD. definition 正确答案：A参考解析：Arevelations被揭露的事实 Bconventions惯例 Cdimensions维度 Ddefinitions定义【答题思路】striking意为“惊人的”。根据后文内容，文中陈述了Anne Fernald发现的事实。故根据其发现选择A选项revalations。【选项辨析】选项Bconventions“惯例”与选项Cdimensions“维度”皆语义与原文不符，故排除；选项Ddefinitions“定义”与后文内容不搭，Anne Fernald并没有定下一个惊人的定义，故排除。查看材料11. 【完形填空】第(11)题选A. transformsB. appearsC. terminatesD. survives 正确答案：B参考解析：Atransforms使变形 Bappears出现 Cterminates结束 Dsurvives存活【答题思路】原句大意为：（我们从）Anne Fernald那里得到了一项惊人的事实，她发现在孩子三岁之前这种差异就已经出现了。只有选项Bappears“出现”符合句意，故选B。【选项辨析】选项Atransforms“使变形”，通常指将A（彻底）转化为B，后文并未提及此事实被转化，故排除A；选项Cterminates“结束”不符合原文意思。根据后文内容，Anne Fernald说这种差异甚至从出生就已经存在（Dr. Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth.），所以不可能在三岁时就“结束”，故排除C；选项Dsurvives“存活”通常指（经历事故、战争或疾病后）活下来，幸存，不符合单词用法也不符合原文意思，故排除D。查看材料12. 【完形填空】第(12)题选A. suitableB. juvenileC. tenderD. senior 正确答案：C参考解析：Asuitable合适的 Bjuvenile青年的 Ctender年幼的 Dsenior年长的【答题思路】此句句意为：甚至在年幼如十八个月之时，当大部分幼儿只能说十个单词的时候，家庭背景相对不利的孩子就已经落后（behind）家庭背景更好的孩子好几个月了。句首用了Even“甚至”，联系上下文，相比起三岁，十八个月肯定是更小的，故选Ctender。【选项辨析】此题考查词汇积累，选项ABD均不符合题意。查看材料13. 【完形填空】第(13)题选A. disadvantagedB. privilegedC. prominentD. immigrated 正确答案：A参考解析：Adisadvantaged弱势的 Bprivileged享有特权的 Cprominent杰出的 Dimmigrated移民的【答题思路】原文中将两种来自不同家庭背景的幼儿进行了对比，来自前一种家庭背景的孩子落后于（behind）来自家庭背景更好（more favored）的孩子，故此我们可以推断前一种家庭背景是相对处于弱势的，选择Adisadvantaged“弱势的”符合原文大意。【选项辨析】此题考查词汇积累，选项BCD均不符合原文意思。查看材料14. 【完形填空】第(14)题选A. OtherwiseB. IndeedC. ThereforeD. However 正确答案：B参考解析：AOtherwise否则 BIndeed（表示递进语气）实际上 CTherefore因此 DHowever（表转折）然而【答题思路】根据后文所述，Dr. Fernald认为幼儿词汇量的差异从出生就开始了。相对于上文提及的三岁和十八个月发现幼儿词汇量的差异这些现象来说，从出生开始幼儿词汇量就已经有了差异这是一种递进。因此，应选表递进的副词，故选B项Indeed“(表示递进语气) 实际上”。【选项辨析】选项AOtherwise“否则”和选项DHowever“然而”都表示转折关系，选项CTherefore“因此”表因果关系，都不符合原文意义。查看材料15. 【完形填空】第(15)题选A. sustainsB. suspects C. measuresD. determines 正确答案：C参考解析：Asustains维持 Bsuspects怀疑 Cmeasures衡量 Ddetermines决定【答题思路】此句意为：她通过向坐在自己妈妈大腿上的孩子们展示狗和球的图片，来衡量他们处理语言的速度。故我们可以推断选Cmeasures“衡量”。【选项辨析】此题考查词汇积累。选项ABD均不符合题意，针对选项Ddetermines“决定”，Dr. Fernald是无法决定孩子们处理语言的速度的。查看材料16. 【完形填空】第(16)题选A. assessmentB. supervisionC. standpointD. reaction 正确答案：D参考解析：Aassessment评估 Bsupervision监督 Cstandpoint立场 Dreaction反应【答题思路】此句句意为：录音让孩子去看向球的那张图片，同时让摄像机记录孩子的反应。并且后文提到，孩子的目光（gaze）开始转向正确的图片。同时根据前文所述，Dr. Fernald用这种方法来衡量孩子对语言的处理速度。综上，可以推测出她是据孩子的反应来衡量的。选项ABC都不符合原文大意，选择Dreaction。【选项辨析】除不符合原文大意以外，对于toddler（刚走路的儿童）来说，选项A评估与选项B监督都是非常复杂的行为，不符合逻辑。查看材料17. 【完形填空】第(17)题选A. displayB. stimulateC. noteD. approve 正确答案：C参考解析：Adisplay展示 Bstimulate刺激 Cnote记录 Dapprove赞成【答题思路】主语“This”指的是Dr. Fernald用摄像机拍下来的孩子的反应片段，这可以让她“记录下”孩子们目光开始转向正确图片的时刻。选项Cnote“记录”符合原文大意。【选项辨析】选项Adisplay“展示”，注意原句中是This lets Dr. Fernald.（这让Dr.Fernald.），从句的主语是Dr. Fernald，从句的宾语是the moment，排除A选项。查看材料18. 【完形填空】第(18)题选A. transferringB. shiftingC. restrictingD. distracting 正确答案：B参考解析：Atransferring转移 Bshifting转向 Crestricting限制 Ddistracting分散【答题思路】此句意为：这可以让Dr. Fernald记录下孩子们目光开始转向正确图片的时刻。我们可推断出选项Bshifting正确。shift作“转移”解时侧重位置与方向的改变。【选项辨析】选项Atransferring“转移”，一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。不与gaze相搭配。选项CD不符合原文大意。查看材料19. 【完形填空】第(19)题选A. better-off B. normal    C. typical    D. needy 正确答案：A参考解析：Abetter-off较富裕的 Bnormal普通的 Ctypical典型的 Dneedy贫困的【答题思路】根据文章第二段提及过的两种不同家庭背景的孩子们的比较，一个是较强的家庭背景，一个是较弱的家庭背景。以及此处的backgrounds与后文相对较差的家庭（poorer families）进行对比，可以推断出此处应该填入与poorer相对的词，故选Abetter-off。【选项辨析】选项Bnormal“普通的”和选项Ctypical“典型的”均不符合原文意思；选项Dneedy“贫困的”与原文中的poorer是近义词，不作为对比。查看材料20. 【完形填空】第(20)题选A. minorB. externalC. universalD. huge 正确答案：D参考解析：Aminor较小的 Bexternal外部的 Cuniversal普遍的 Dhuge巨大的【答题思路】根据上下文理解，不同背景下的孩子们辨认出正确物体的反应时间差可达200毫秒，那么基于经济状况良好家庭的孩子的反应速度750毫秒，这200毫秒的差异应属于一个巨大的差距。故应选D项huge“巨大的”。【选项辨析】选项Aminor“较小的”与原文意思相反，选项Bexternal“外部的”与原文意思无关，均不符合原意；选项Cuniversal“普遍的”，原文并未提及这是一种普遍的差距，故排除此选项。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题The most powerful false-news weapon in history is around the corner. If technology continues its current advance, we may soon face totally convincing videos showing events that never happenedcreated so effectively that even experts will have trouble proving they're fakes. "Deep fake" video will be able to show people saying, with the reliable ring of their own voices, things they never said. It will show them doing things they never did. In some ways, deep fake videos are no worse than rumors or false news stories. People will believe and share anything they find engaging or that reinforces their beliefs. But videos are more dangerous because of the authority this medium has taken on in society. For years, video has been the ultimate argument-settler. Online news outlets routinely hyper link videos into stories to buttress the credibility of their reporting. Given the existing danger to truth that deep fakes present, the media industry must make its own efforts to counter the threatand it can be effective, if it acts quickly. Right now, we have a window of opportunity in which most fake videos are far from perfect. In many cases, it's laughably obvious that the images are manipulated. In others, fake video looks convincing to the naked eye, but technical tests can easily demonstrate that it's a fraud. But the quality of technology we already see in the best science-fiction and fantasy movies, as well as the most sophisticated video games, shows us what will inevitably be available for broader exploitationto far more vicious ends. This window gives us a chance to sound public alarms about deep fakes, promote basic tips on detecting them and immunize audiences against the better fakes to come. It's not an impossible lift; the public is well aware of fabricated pictures and fake news stories (even if, unfortunately, they still share them). News coverage of the dangers of deep fakes will find a ready audience. News companies can also publicize analytics sites and browser extensions that can alert viewers to video fakery. Unless the dangers of fake video receive broad public attention now, the public will be caught unaware when truly convincing fakes appear, perhaps with disastrous results. Finally, in publicizing the dangers, media need to avoid a tone of hopelessness"Soon we may never know what is real and what isn't." Quality media outlets need to emphasize how carefully they review video. They should make sure their ethics codes and verification procedures adequately address the dangers. Otherwise, audiences will doubt any videoincluding legitimate and important footage that media outlets gather in their own breaking-news coverage and investigative work.查看材料21. 【阅读理解Part A】What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?A. False news stories are worse than deep fake videos.B. Deep fake videos may acquire the credible appearance.C. Deep fake videos always present things that have occurred.D. Specialists can easily identify deep fake videos. 正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】前三段大意为：历史上最高效能的虚假新闻武器指日可待。如果技术按目前进步速度的话，我们可能很快就会面临具有绝对说服力的视频来展示从未发生的事件这些视频制作得如此真实，甚至专家也难以证明他们是虚假的。“深度伪造”视频将能够向人们展示用他们自己的声音确凿可信地说出他们从未说过的话，向他们展示他们从未做过的事情。在某些方面，深度伪造视频比谣言或虚假新闻更糟糕。人们会相信并分享他们认为有吸引力或强化他们所相信的观点的任何东西。但由于这种媒介在社会中的权威性，它会更加危险。多年来，视频一直是争论终结者。在线新闻媒体经常将视频超链接到事件中，以支撑其报道的可信度。由此我们可以推断出选项BDeep fake videos may acquire the credible appearance.为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为假新闻比深度伪造视频更严重。与原文第二段所说相悖；选项B意为深度伪造视频可能披着真实可信的外皮；选项C意为深度伪造视频总是呈现发生过的事情。与原文第二段所说相悖；选项D意为专家可以轻易分辨出深度伪造视频。与原文第一段所说相悖。查看材料22. 【阅读理解Part A】The word "buttress" (Line 3, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_.A. supportB. generateC. createD. undermine 正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】此题考查词汇的积累进行同义替换。原文第三段意为：但由于这种媒介在社会中的权威性，它会更加危险。多年来，视频一直是争论终结者。在线新闻媒体经常将视频超链接到事件中，以支撑其报道的可信度。根据上下文意思，我们可以推断出，选项Asupport“支持”为正确选项。【选项辨析】buttress，v. 支持。选项A意为支持；选项B意为产生，引起；选项C意为创造；选项D意为逐渐削弱。查看材料23. 【阅读理解Part A】According to Paragraph 4, what can we learn about deep fake videos?A. The media industry need not take them seriously at present.B. Most of them are far more perfect now.C. It is hardly easy to tell whether they are artificial.D. Some of them are persuasive at the first glance. 正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据第四段第三、四句：In many cases, it's laughably obvious that the images are manipulated. In others, fake video looks convincing to the naked eye, but technical tests can easily demonstrate that it's a fraud.（许多情况下，被操纵的画面是非常明显的。在其他情况下，假视频虽然肉眼看起来令人信服，但技术检验可以轻易证明它是欺诈。）我们可以推断出，选项DSome of them are persuasive at the first glance.（某些深度伪造视频乍看之下很有说服力）为正确选项。【选项解析】选项A意为媒体行业目前不需要把深度伪造视频当回事。与第四段第一句Given the existing danger to truth that deep fakes present, the media industry must make its own efforts to counter the threat.（鉴于对真相有着威胁的深度伪造视频的存在，媒体行业必须做出自己的努力来应付这种威胁。）相悖，排除选项A；选项B意为深度伪造视频中的大多数现在都更加完美了。与第四段第二句we have a window of opportunity in which most fake videos are far from perfect.（我们还有一扇机会的窗户朝我们打开，那就是其中大多数的伪造视频都远非完美。）相悖，排除选项B；选项C意为很难判断深度伪造视频是否是伪造的。与原文第四段第三、四句相悖。查看材料24. 【阅读理解Part A】From the text we can see that the writer seems to be_.A. carefreeB. pessimisticC. anxiousD. confuse 正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】全文介绍了伪造视频的背景及其危害，呼吁媒体和社会重视伪造视频及其技术的发展，提前应对，以免让其造成严重的后果。整篇文章作者的情绪基调是焦虑的，故选项Canxious为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为无忧无虑的；选项B意为悲观的；选项C意为焦虑的；选项D意为迷茫的。查看材料25. 【阅读理解Part A】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. The Political Influence of Fake VideosB. Strategies to Address Fake VideosC. Looming Threats of Fake VideosD. The Prevailing Dangers of Fake Videos 正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】全文介绍了伪造视频的背景及其危害，呼吁媒体和社会重视伪造视频及其技术的发展，提前应对，以免让其造成严重的后果。故选项CLooming Threats of Fake Videos最贴合全文大意