同位语从句讲义-2023届高考英语二轮复习.docx

同位语从句一、判断名词性从句基本形式：名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词功能的从句。1、辨析和划分名词性从句eg What parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. I think Father would like to know what I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.中在名词该放的位置，充当相应的成分(主从、宾从、表从)2、名词性从句名词的作用：解释性从句(同从)3、名词性从句各类关系词(1)连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which有词义，从句不完 整时使用。eg How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on whom he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. We should respect food and think about the people who don't have what we have here and treat food nicely.(2)连接副词：when, where, why, how,有词义，从句完整时使用。 e.g. A good friend of mine from when I was born showed up at my homeright before I left for Beijing. -1 wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years. By working out every day.(3)连接词：that, whether, if, as if, because. that没有词义，从句完整时使用 whether (if) , as if有词义，从句完整时使用。eg We've offered her the job, but I don't know whether she'll accept it.(4) how + adj. 一起构成复合连接词 How many/ how mn/ how soon/ how fareg. -1 wonder how often you'll water this kind of flower. Every other day.(5)连接代词、副词，加上ever之后，成分不变，语义翻译表强 调。eg The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched fbr whatever he could find about Mark Twain.4、定语从句和名词性从句的区别定语从句（提问的方式）名词性从句（讲解式）定义修饰某一名词、代词充当成分：主语、宾或句子语、同位语、表语常用通用引导词that人/物，充当成分不充当成分，连接作用，不可省略其他引导词（不同）whether/if> 定语从句：The news that he told me yesterday was true.> 同位语从句： The news that our team has won the game was true.> 定语从句： The question that he raised in class remained a question.> 同位语从句：The question whether we need it has not been considered.二、同位语从句1、定义：一般放在名词后面，解说明该名词的具体内容，在句子中 作同位语的从句。e.g.> News came from the school office that wang Lin had been admitted to Being University.2、句型：1) 般跟在名词 (news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message 等) 后，用以说明该名词所表述的内容。eg. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大鼓舞了我们 所有人。2)有时同从跟名词中间被别的词隔开。(分隔式同位语)The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.3、同位词：1）表陈述：advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word 等词后面品艮弓I 导词 that。eg. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the rivers at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。2）表疑问：problem, wonder, question等词后面的引导词可用whether 引导 一正义反用：have no idea引导词用whether3） 特例 eg.: I have no idea whether he has finished the work.反义正用：no doubt引导词用thateg.: There is no doubt that the earth is round.练习：1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sportsfield.A. how B. that C. which D. whether2. The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.A. why B. which C. when D. whether3. I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in highschool, would be different.A. whether B. what C. that D. how4. When the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve inthe army.A. since B. which C. that D. where5. Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead tomany diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where6. The news our athletes won another gold medal was reported inyesterday's newspaper.A. which B. whether C. what D. that4、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1）词类：同从前面只能是名词，且多为抽象名词定从的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的部分或者整个主句。同从： The news that I have passed the exam is true.定从： Our team won the game, which made us very happy.2）同从前面的名词与同从是同等关系，而定从是修饰先行词，为从属 关系。3）引导词：同从连接词不充当成分定从关系词充当成分eg.同从： The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.定从： The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.练习：1. We should consider the students request the school library providesmore books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where2. The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though3. - Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A. when B. that C. whether D. what4. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. what B. if C. how D. that同位语课后练习一、单项填空。1. He got a message from Mr. Johnson the manager could not seehim that afternoon.A. whichB. that C. whatD. who2.1 reached the gate opened onto the lake.A. that B. / C. where D. when3.a terrible storm would take place in Hainan.A. Word came which B. Word came thatC. Word that cameD. Words came that4. Is this the reason he gave for being late?A. why B. what C. when D. that5. The doctor once gave my father advice that he any more.A. mustn't smoke B. not smokeC. not smoking D. wouldn't smoke6. The problem worried him for a long time.A. if to go B. to go which wayC. which way to go D. go which way7. His chief hobby, cost him most of his salary.A. sailing a boatB. sailed a boatC. to have sailed a boat D. where to sail8. Lucy was born in a small town in North America,of a poor and ignorant miner.A. daughter B. whom C. the daughterD. /9. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which10. The fact he was successful proves his ability.A. that B. what C. which D. why11. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when12. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./D.it13.1 have no idea he will start.A. when B. that C. whatD./14. I've come from the government with a message the meetingwon't be held tomorrow.A. ifB. thatC. whether D. which15. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A. whenB. which C. what D. that16. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what17. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear hewould die of the disease.A. thatB.asC. of which D. which18. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. when