Welcome Unit语法句子成分和基本句型高一英语（人教版2019必修1）.docx

Welcome Unit语法句子成分和基本句型高一英语(人教版2019必修1)句子成分和基本句型的概念：1.句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位 语。(1)主语：名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I have a stomachache.我胃痛。(2)谓语：动词，一般位于主语之后如：He put the book on the table他把书放在桌上。(3)宾语：名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I lost my school ID card.我丢了校园卡。表语：在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等如：My keys are in my schoolbag.我的钥匙在书包里。(5)定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等如：The white model plane is hers.白色的飞机模型是她的。状语：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等如：Sports star eats well.运动明星吃得很好。(7)宾语补足语：形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等如：The loud music makes me nervous.吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。(8)同位语：名词、数词、代词或从句如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们 很好。(9)连系动词的种类： be 动词类：am, is, are, was, were 表示变化类：become, get, turn 感官动词类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 表示延续性的动词：remain, stay, keep2 .简单句的五种基本句型【答案】：D解析:考查句子成分分析。句意：他们选他为这个班的班长。分析句子可知，they 为句子的主语，made为句子的谓语，him为宾语，monitor为句子宾语补 足语，故选Do18、（2 分）1. You should register before Friday.A.主语B.状语C.谓语D.宾补【答案】：B解析：考查句子成分。句意：你应该在周五前注册。You是主语，should register 是谓语动词，before Friday是时间状语。故选B。19、（2 分）1. The girl was reading a story in a low voice.A.宾补B.谓语C.间接宾语D.表语【答案】：B解析：考查句子成分。句意：这个女孩正在小声读故事。The girl是主语，was reading是谓语动词，为过去进行时，a story是宾语,in a low voice是状语。故选B。20、（2 分）1. Lily's mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.A.宾补B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.表语【答案】：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：莉莉的妈妈给她买了一条宠物狗作为生日礼物。buy sb. sth."给某人买某物"，sb.是间接宾语，sth.是直接宾语，因此句中her是间 接宾语。故选C。21、（2 分）1. Now I know that the proper way is always her way.A.宾语B.宾补C.表语D.定语【答案】：C解析:考查句子结构。分析句子可知，句子是含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句， 宾语从句是主系表结构，her way位于is后,在从句中作表语。故选Co22、（2 分）1. Reading outside school is necessary and important in learning English.A.主语B.宾语C.谓语D.表语【答案】：A解析:考查句子结构。分析句子可知，句子是主系表结构,Reading outside school 是动名词短语作主语，故选A。23、(2 分)1. Choose the correct sentence structure for “She found the task chaHeeging.”A. SV-IO-DOB. SVOAC. SVOCD. SVO【答案】：C解析:考查基本句型。句意：她发现任务具有挑战性。A.SV10DO主谓+间宾+ 直宾；B. SVOA主调宾状；C. SVOC主谓宾补；D. SVO主谓宾。分析句子 的结构可知，此句为"find+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中宾语为the task,宾 补为 challenging。故选 C。24、(2 分)1. The little boy bought his mother a gift on Mother' s day.A. SVIODOB. SPC. SVOD. SVA【答案】：A解析:考查句子结构。句意：小男孩在母亲节给妈妈买了一个礼物。The little boy 作主语,bought作谓语(V) , his mother作间接宾语(10) , a gift作直接宾语（DO） , on Mother1 s day作时间状语，因此该句为SVIODO结构。故 选A。25、（2 分）1. Her face turned red.A. SVB. SVIODOC. SPD. SVO【答案】：C解析：考查基本句型。A.SV主谓；B.SVIODO主谓直宾间宾；C.SP主系表;D.SVO 主谓宾。her face为句子的主语，turn为系动词，red为形容词在句中充当 表语，故此句型为主系表结构。故选Co26、（2 分）1. Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room.What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?A. adverbial （状语）B. complement （补语）C. attributive （定语）D. appositive （同位 语）【答案】：B解析:考查句子成分。句意：你走出房间时，请把灯开着。分析句子可知，这是一个祈使句，是"leave+宾语+宾语补足语"结构，leave是谓语动词，气helights”是名词作宾语，"on"是副词，在句中作宾语补足语,表示宾语的 状态，when引导时间状语从句。故选B项。27、（2 分）1.1 enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.What sentence element （句子成分）does the underlined part serve as?A. adverbial （状语）B. complement （补语）C. attributive （定语）D. appositive （同位 语）【答案】：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：我很喜欢我们一起在海边度过的那个夜晚。划线部分是什么句子成分？根据句意及所给句子可知，when we stayed together by the sea是定语从句，修饰先行词evening。故选Co28、（2 分）1. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.主句中的主语是:OA. the four countriesB. the United KingdomC. Some areasD. belong to【答案】：A解析：考查句子结构。句意：这四个属于英国的国家在某些领域合作。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为 The four countries , that belong to the UnitedKingdom 为定语从句，修饰名词 The four countries , work together 为 谓语动词，in some areas为地点状语。故选A。29、（2 分）1. Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University ofNevada.句子中的谓语动词是。A. BornB. beganC. WhitacreD. studying【答案】：B解析：考查句子成分。句意：出生在美国，惠特克内华达大学开始学习音乐。分析 句子结构可知，句中Whitacre为主语,began为谓语动词,studying music 为宾语,at the University of Nevada为地点状语,Born in the USA 为过 去分词作状语。故选B。30、（2 分）1. Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well.划线部分是什么短语？在句子中 做什么成分？A. AdjP,定语 B. AdjP,状语 C. AdvP,状语 D. AdvP,定语【答案】：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：张磊很清楚目的地。分析句子结构可知，划线部分quite well是副词短语（AdvP ）,在句中作状语。故选C。二、其他（共36分）31-40、（20 分）1 .指出划线部分在句中充当的句子成分。【小题31（2分）1. He asked me to come to school very early.【答案】：宾语补足语【解析】：句意：他让我早点来学校。分析句子成分可知划线部分构成固定短语ask sb to do要求某人做某事，不定式在句子中作宾语补足语，故答案为宾语补足 语。【小题32（2分）2. There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.【答案】：主语【解析】：句意:路的两边有很多树。分析句子成分可知本句是There be句型表示存 在，划线部分是句子主语部分，故答案为主语。【小题33（2分）3. He must be at home now.【答案】：时间状语【解析】：句意：他现在一定在家。分析句子成分可知此处划线部分在句子中充当时 间状语，故答案为时间状语。【小题34】（2分）1. He wanted to buy some more bananas.【答案】：宾语【解析】：句意：他想再买一些香蕉。分析句子成分可知此处构成动词短语want to do 想要做某事，不定式充当宾语，故答案为宾语。【小题35】（2分）1. The boy on the bike is my little son.【答案】：后置定语【解析】：句意：骑自行车的男孩是我的小儿子。分析句子成分可知此处是介词短语 充当后置定语，故答案为后置定语。【小题36（2分）1. You must leave at the moment.【答案】：谓语【解析】:句意：你现在必须离开。分析句子成分可知划线部分充当句子谓语表示“必 须离开”，故答案为谓语。【小题37（2分）1. Eating too much is bad for health.【答案】：主语【解析】:句意：吃得太多对健康有害。分析句子成分可知划线部分是动名词充当句 子主语部分，表示“吃得太多”，故答案为主语。【小题38（2分）1. After running, he felt tried.【答案】：表语【解析】：句意：跑步后，他感到筋疲力尽。分析句子成分可知划线部分在句子中充 当表语，表示“筋疲力尽的”，故答案为表语。【小题39（2分）1.1 found it difficult to learn English.【答案】：宾语补足语【解析】：句意：我发现学习英语很难。分析句子成分可知划线部分充当句子宾语补 足语，故答案为宾语补足语。【小题40】（2分）1. In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education.【答案】：后置定语【解析】：句意：在20世纪60年代，很少有孩子有机会接受良好的教育。分析句子 成分可知划线部分为不定式充当句子后置定语部分修饰名词chance,故答 案为后置定语。41-48、（16 分）1 .判断以下句子类型【小题41（2分）1. In other words, we are the master of our own future.【答案】：主语+系动词+表语【解析】：考查句子类型。句意：换句话说，我们是自己未来的主人。we为主语；are 是系动词；the master of our own future为表语。故填主语+系动词+表语。【小题42】（2分）2. Friends made my life full of excitement.【答案】：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语【解析】：考查句子类型。句意：朋友使我的生活充满了兴奋。Friends为主语；made 为谓语；my life为宾语；full of excitement为宾补。故填主语+谓语（及物 动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。英语句子按照结构来分，可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。简单句是含有一个 主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。简单句有五种基本句型。一、单项选择（共60分）L （2 分）1. What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence “I had my first English class at senior high school.?,?A. SVOAB. SVOC. SV IO DOD. S VOC【答案】：A解析:考查句子类型。句意：我在高中上了我的第一堂英语课。此处主语I; had为 谓语；my first English class 为宾语,at senior high school 作地点状语， 属于主谓宾状结构，故选A。2、（2 分）2. What is the sentence pattern （句型）of the sentence “He told us a funny story."?A. S V AB. S V OC. SV IO DOD. SVGA【答案】：C解析：考查基本句型。句意："他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事”这个句子的句型是 什么?根据句意及句子分析可知，He是主语S , told是谓语动词V , us是间 接宾语10 , a funny story是直接宾语DOo故选Co【小题43（2分）1. The sun was shining.【答案】：主语+谓语（不及物动词）【解析】:考查句子类型。句意：阳光灿烂。The sun为主语；was shining为谓语。故 填主语+谓语（不及物动词）。【小题44（2分）1. The boss made him do the work day and night.【答案】：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语【解析】：考查句子类型。句意：老板让他没日没夜地工作。The boss为主语；made 为谓语；him作宾语；do the work day and night为宾补。故填主语+谓语（及 物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。【小题45（2分）1. This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class._【答案】：主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语【解析】：考查句子类型。句意：今天早上老师在课上给我们讲了希望工程。主语为 our teacher； told 为谓语;us 为间接宾语;something about the Hope Project 为直接宾语。故填主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语。【小题46（2分）1. An old man was walking slowly and carefully.【答案】：主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语【解析】:考查句子类型。句意:一位老人慢慢地小心地走着。An old man为主语； was walking为谓语；slowly and carefully作状语。故填主语+谓语（不及物 动词）+状语。【小题47（2分）1. Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.【答案】：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语【解析】：考查句子类型。句意:我们地区的农民种植大量蔬菜。此处Farmers为主 语，grow为谓语，vegetables为宾语，故填主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语。【小题48（2分）1. There are ten boys in the classroom.【答案】：There be句型【解析】：考查句子类型。句意：教室里有十个男孩。此处为There be句型，主语为 ten boys,故填 There be.句型。1. What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence “I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful”?A. S V AB. S V OC. SV IO DOD. S VOC【答案】：D解析：考查句子分析，句型结构。句意："我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好, 乐于助人"这句话的句式是什么？ A. S V A主谓状；B. S V O主谓宾；C. S V IO DO主谓宾宾；D. S V O C主谓宾补。代词I是主语；动词found是谓语; 名词短语most of my classmates and teachers是宾语；并列形容词 friendly and helpful是补足语。故选D项。4、（2 分）1. Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background.A.状语B.宾语补足语C.主语D.定语【答案】：A解析：考查介词短语作状语。句意：特写是以独立的风格编写，带有额外的细节和 背景。分析句子结构和意思可知，with extra detail and background是介 词短语，主句是被动句，成分齐全，句意完整，因此是介词短语作状语。故 选A。5、（2 分）1 .请看句子判断划线部分属于哪种句型：Mr. Green will give us a speech on how to learn English well.A. S+V+O+AB. S+V+OC, S+V+O+CD. S+V+IO+DO【答案】：D解析：考查句子结构。句意：格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一个报告。根据 句意及句子分析可知，划线部分的结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”0 主语是Mr. Green ,动词是w川give ,直接宾语是a speech ,间接宾语是 uso故选D。6、（2 分）1. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.A. SVPB. SVOC. SPD. SVOC【答案】：A解析：考查句子结构。句意：从初中到高中的确是一种大的挑战。此处主语为Going from junior high school to senior high school , is 为 be 动词，为表语 a really big challenge ,为主系表结构。故选A。7、（2 分）1. He found his new job challenging.（判断句子结构类型）A. S+VB. S+V+OC. S+V+IO+DCD. S+V+O+C【答案】：D解析：考查句子结构类型。句意：他发现他的新工作很有挑战性。分析句子结构可 知该句为主谓宾宾补结构。主语为He ;谓语为found ;宾语为his new job ;宾语补足语为challenging.,故选D项。8、（2 分）1. Which of the following sentence follows the structure of "SVP" ?A. The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects.B. At university, Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese.C. His goal is to look after homeless children in poverty-stricken areas.D. He is looking sadly at his broken car.【答案】：C解析：考查句子成分。题干意为：下面哪个句子为主系表的结构。分析4个选项可 知，C选项为主系表，主语是His goal ,谓语是be动词is , be动词属于系 动词，表语是不定式to look after homeless children , A选项主谓宾结构、 B选项为主谓+双宾结构，D选项也为主谓宾结构。故选C。9、（2 分）1. What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.A. S V OB. S V IO DOC. S V O CD. S P借案】：D解析:考查句子成分分析。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。分析可知， "Going from junior high school to senior high school”是动名词作主语，匕really big challenge"是表语,因此句子结构是SP ,故选Do10、（2 分）1. “The news makes me feel very happy.v这个句子的结构是"”.A. S+V+OB. S + V + IO + DOC. S + V + PD. S + V + O + OC【答案】：D解析：考查句子结构。句意：这个消息让我感到非常高兴。分析句子可知，"The news”在句中作主语，"makes"在句中作谓语，"me在句中作宾语，"feel very h叩py"在句中作宾语补足语,故这个句子的结构是"S + V + O + OC- 0故选D项。11、（2 分）1. What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge（S=subject, V=verb, O=object, DO二direct object, IO=indirect object, C=complement. P=predicative）A. SVOB. SVIODOC. SVOCD. SP【答案】：D解析：考查句子结构。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。分析可知，Going from junior high school to senior high school 作主语,is 是系动词，a really big challenge是表语，故该句是主系表结构。故选D。12、（2 分）1. What' s the sentence structure of “The news makes me feel very happy. "?A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+O+OCD. S+V+IO+DO【答案】：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：这个消息使我感到非常高兴。分析句子，the news为 句子的主语,makes为句子的谓语，me为宾语，feel h叩py为宾补，选项 C符合题意，故选Co13、（2 分）1. Which of the following four sentences is SVOC （主-谓-宾-补）pattern?A. For him, that dream has come true!B. The teacher was kind and friendly.C. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.D. There's a lot to explore at senior high.【答案】：C解析:考查主-谓-宾-补句型结构。选项A "For him, that dream has come true!（对他而言，那个梦想已经实现！）"是主-谓的结构；选项B "The teacher was kind and friendly.（这个老师友好善良。）"是主-系-表的结构；选项 C "I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.（我发现我大多数同学和老师友好且乐于助人。）"是主-谓-宾-补的结构； 选项 D "There' s a lot to explore at senior high.（高中有需要要探索的 地方。）"是there be句型。故选C项。14、（2 分）1. Which part is AdvP in the following two sentences?fAMy first French class was IBvery confusing. CIThe teacher spoke |Dso fast!A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】：D解析：考查副词短语。下面两句话中哪一部分是副词短语？句意：我的第一堂法语 课非常混乱。老师说得太快了 ！题目中A部分和C部分为名词短语，B部分为形容词短语，D部分为副词短语。故选D。15、（2 分）1. People all over the world speak English.（挑出句中宾语）A. PeopleB. all over the worldC. speakD. English【答案】：D解析：考查句子成分分析。句意：全世界的人都说英语。本句为简单句，其中主语为 people ,谓语为 speak ,宾语为 English ,状语为 all over the world0故 选D。16、（2 分）1. The sun rises in the east as usual.（挑出句中谓语）A. The sunB. risesC. in the eastD. as usual【答案】：B解析:考查句子成分。句意：太阳照常从东方升起。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是 The sun ,谓语是 rises ,状语是 in the east as usual ,故选 Bo17、（2 分）1. They made him monitor of the class.（挑出句中宾语补足语）A. TheyB. madeC. himD. monitor