初三英语必考知识点总结.docx
初三英语必考知识点总结初三英语必考学问点总结学习其实是欢乐的,学习是幸福的,虽然在学习的道路上我们会 遇到很多困难,但是只要努力解决这些困难后,你将会感觉到无比的 轻松与欢乐,下面我为大家带来初三英语必考学问点,期望对您有所 帮忙!初三英语必考学问点【重点语法】一、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。三大考点:引导词、时态和 语序。其中,语序必需是陈述句语序。1.常由下面的一些词引导:由that引导,表示陈述意义,that可省略He says (that) he is at home.他说他在家里。由if , whether引导,表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、 对否等)I don' t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道 韦华是否喜爱鱼。3 .表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、 “乘坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。The boy' s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感谢,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来 传达信息。4 .表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。One by one they went past the table in the dark.他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5 .表示“依据”,“根据”的意思。What time is it by your watch?你的表几点了?6 .和take, hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。I took him by the hand.我拉住了他的手。7 .用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。English is spoken by many people.英语被很多人说。(即“很多人讲英语。”)二、动名词(doing)动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。1 .作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2 .作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3 .作表语Babysister?s job is washing, cooking and taking care of the children.保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。4 .做定语a washing machine 一台洗衣机三、used to 的用法used to意为过去经常做某事。used to的用法:1 .确定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。否定句是didn' t use to-.When I was a child, I didn' t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜爱苹果。疑问形式是Did you use to?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?2 .含有used to的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn' t +主语, 而用didn' t +主语。He used to smoke, didn' t he?他过去经常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did. / No, he didn' t.是的,他吸。/不,他不吸。文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有 需要的人。由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)引导,表示特别疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要买什么吗?2.从句时态要与主句全都当主句是一般现在时,从句依据状况使用任何时态当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过 去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)He said (that) he was at home,他说他在家里。I didn, t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在 唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要 知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back?你知道他将会什么时候 回来?二、感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异、惊异等剧烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what或how引导。现分述如下:1 .由what引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:可用句型:" What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他! "。如:What a nice present it is!它是一件多么好的礼物啊!可用句型:" What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其 他! “。如:What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊!可用句型:"What +形容词+不行数名词+主语+谓语+其他! ”。 如:What fine weather it is today!今日天气多好啊!2 .由how引导的感叹句,其句子结构也分为三种:可用句型:"How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他! "。如:How careful she is!她多么细心啊!How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊!可用句型:" How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓 语! "。如:How beautiful a girl she is!她是个多么美丽的姑娘啊!可用句型:“ How+主语+谓语! ”。如:How time flies!光阴似箭!3 .由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转 换,但句中部分单词的挨次要有所变化。如:How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!初三英语重要学问点1. must(Dmust表示主观看法,意为“必需”。如:You must stay here until I come back.Must I hand in my homework right now?对must引导的疑问句,确定回答为must,否定回答为needn' t 或 don' t have to .如:一Must I finish my homework?一No, you needn' t.(2)must也可以表示有把握的推想,意为“肯定,确定”,用 于确定句。如:The light is on, so he must be at home now.其否定形式mustn' t表示"禁止,不许”。如:You mustn' t play with fire.You mustn' t be late.2. could(l)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的力量。如:He could write poems when he was 10.(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉恳求的语气,此时could没有 过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?一Could I use your pen?一Yes, you can.(留意回答)3. mightmight为may的过去式。might表示推想时,表示可能性低于 may (此时might没有过去式的意思),当恳求讲时,比may的语气更 委婉。如:He is away from school. He might be sick.Might I use your dictionary?4. can(1)表示力量,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的力量。如:She can swim fast, but I can' t .(2)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary.(3)表示推想,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时 cad t译为“不行能”。如:一Can the news be true?一No, it can' t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.初三英语学问点(一)need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态 动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句 式。1 .用作情态动词-Need I come? -Yes, you must. -我需要来 吗? 一需要。You neednt telephone him now.你现在不必打电话 给他。I dont think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢说我不公正?Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。2 .用作实义动词You dont need to do it yourself.你不必亲 自做这件事。We need to tell them the news.我们需要把这消息 告知他们。The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆 一下。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自 己的观点。He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬头看。I dare day hell come again.我想他会再来的。(I dare say 为固定习语)(二)情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。He isnt here. He must have missed the train, 他还未至ll, 肯定是没赶上火车。Where can (could) he gone?他能到那里去了 呢?You may (might) have read about it.你可能在报上已经读到 这件事了。You could (might) have been more careful.你原来 可以更细心的。He neednt have worried it.他本不必为此事担忧。There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚会特别有意思。你本应当 来,为何不来呢?初三英语学问点归纳可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规章变化和不规章变化两种。1、规章变化:1) 一般状况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges 等;2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes 等;3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如: baby-babies, country-countries, family-families 等;4)部分以 f (e)结尾的词,变 f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves 等;5)以。结尾的词,加”或"-es ,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes 等。记忆口诀: 除了 “英雄” her。外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“r ”。2、不规章变化:1)转变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 等;2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 等;3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children 等。初三英语学问点总结一、介词by的用法1 .意为“在旁”,“靠近”。Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。2 .意为“不迟于”,“到时为止”。Your son will be all right by supper time.你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?