小学英语语法：There be句型和havehas的区别与用法.docx

小学英语语法：There be句型和havehas的区别与用法一、定义 There be句型 表示某处存在某物/某人。如：There is a book on the desk.某物 某处翻译：书桌上有一本书。二、句型结构 1> There is +可数名词单数/不可数名词+其它. 2> There are +可数名词复数+其它.即:be动词要与后面名词的数保持一致。如：There is a map on the wall.There are two maps on the wall. 3>当句中有两个或两个以上的名词时,be动词要与跟它最靠近的名词的数保持一致,粽为就近原则。如：There are two boys and a girl under the tree.（two boys最靠近be动词）There is a girl and two boys under the tree.（a girl最靠近be动词）三、句型转换 1 >否定句：在be动词后加noto如：There is a book on the desk.一变否：There is not a book on the desk.缩写后变成：There isn't a book on the desk.注意：肯定句中如含有some ,在变成否定句时，要把some变any如：There are some books on the desk.一变否:There aren't any books on the desk. 2> 一般疑问句： 把be动词调到句首，句号变问号。如：There is a book on the desk.一变疑：Is there a book on the desk?注意：当句中含有some时，变为疑问句时，要将some变为anyo There are some books on the desk.一变疑：Are there any books on the desk? 3特殊疑问句对可数名词的数量进行提问，用How many如：There are five people in the room.（对划线部分提问） How many people are there in the room?四、have/has的用法has用于主语三单，have用在主语非三单。have的第三人称单数形式是：has。第三人称单数，简称三单。符合三单的情况有: he/she/it作主语时 单个人名/地名/称呼等作主语时 the/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时 不可数名词作主语时如：He has a book.My mother has a book.That cat has big eyes.（主语 He/My mother/The cat 符合三单）I have a book.You have a book.They have some books.（主语I/You/They不符合三单） 注意：1 .助动词do/does后加动词原形2 .其中助动词does用在主语三单，其它情况用do如：Do you have a car?Does he have a car?I don't have a car.He doesn't have a car.五、There be句型与have/has的用法区别 1结构不同：There be+名词+其它.主语+ have/has+其它. 2意义不同there be侧重表示"存在"have/has侧重表示"持有/拥有" 3两者不可混用(x) There is have .(x) There have are .试对比以下句子：第一组：There are some apples in the box.盒子里有一些苹果。We have some apples.我们有一些苹果。第二组：There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只狗。My mother has a dog.我妈妈有一只狗。