《大学英语B》 动员-复习及听力指导8.docx

高校英语B统考复习指导及答题技巧一、走进“英语统考”考试对于学生来讲，在学习和成长过程中起着重要的作用。学校考试是“学业成果测试 “学业成果测试”是学生一个学习阶段的小结。目的是检查学生是否驾驭了所学的内容。等级考试是“水平测试”；“水平测试”则是不考虑过去学生所用教材、所受训练，它依据 特定的考试大纲编纂试题，设定某个成果为合格分数线。高校英语(B)统考就是依照相应的考试大纲所制定的“英语水平测试，“水平测试''中为了辨别出水平很高的考生，所以，试题中有一部分题是依据教学大纲中 较高要求设计的。学生在打算统考的时候往往走入误区，以下阅历是值得留意和借鉴的：阅历1：复习要抓住重点，有得有舍比如：完型填空和短文听力就是对平常水平的测试，很难在短时间通过做题有所提高。 而对话听力，语法，作文可以在短期内提高分数，复习时应把时间和重点放在这里。高校英语统考是全国性的统考，走“标准化”的道路。所谓“标准化”英语测试就是：(1)内容和形式的标准化；(2)评分的客观性和一样性;(3)考试过程的标准化。阅历2：做选择题时，不要漏题没把握的和不会的选项，不要空。但不要随意地选择。集中A、B、C、D中某一个选 项，尤其是你选择得比较少的那个选项，把它用黑线划出。二、考前的打算在统考前，同学应做思想上和技术上的打算。1 .思想上的打算：应树立通过的信念。同时解除侥幸心理。在考前有安排地，有重点地复习某些考试项目，能在短期内在成果上有较快的提高，是完 全有可能的。保证达到分数线是考前打算的最低目标。为了达到这个目标，就要把主要时间 花在分项训练上。2 .技术上的打算。(1)备一本简易通俗的语法书。(2)备一本相当英语三级水平的词汇手册。(3)打算一些水平合适的阅读材料。(4)备一本中级的有例句的英汉字典。考试不能靠电子词典。(5)备一本简洁的英语日常口语对话教材。(6)考前按正式考试的程序，做几套模拟题。7 .祝福与应答类日常用语Congratulations!Good luck to you!Have a nice trip.Wish you success!Thank you.Same to you.You, too.例：1. - Congratulations!Thank you.2. Happy New Year!You, too.3. Good luck to you!-Same to you.8 .致歉与应答日常用语Inm sorry for keeping you waiting.Excuse me for my interruption.F'm sorry that P'm late.I beg your pardon.Pardon me.It doesn't matter.Thatns OK.Never mind.例：1. F'm sorry I forgot.一 That's OK.2. Excuse me for my being late.Thatns all right. Be on time next time.3. I beg your pardon. I didn't catch you.Inll say it again.9 .邀请与应答类日常用语Would you like to come with me?F'd like to invite to dinner tonight.Would you mind if I ask you to sit with me?Yes, Ind love to.Thanks for your invitation.Itns my pleasure.Ind love to, but Inll have to finish my homework.I"m afraid I am busy.例：1. Would you like to have coffee with me?Ind love to. Thank you.2. r'd like to invite you to come to my birthday party.Itns my pleasure.3. Would you mind if I invite you to see the new movie?Inm afraid Inll have to take a class this evening.10 .时间与日期日类常用语What time is it?Do you have the time?What date is it today?Itns time for us to do something.例：1. Excuse me. Do you have the time?IHm sorry. I don”t have a watch.2. Itns time for lunch.-Letns go.3. What does your watch say?Three past nine.11 .表示个人看法类日常用语I think you should do that.I believe it is right.I guess he is right.You are right there.I agree with you.I think so.I am afraid you are wrong.Maybe not.例:1. I think the new movie is a bit too dull.-I think so.2. - Don't you think the lecture is too difficult?r'm afraid it is.3. T guess tomorrow will be fine.I don" think so.12 .表示个人心情和看法类日常用语Why donnt you come with me?Inm really tired.What a day!Dear me!That'*s great.Whatns happened?Whatns the matter with you?例:Whatns wrong with you?You do look tired.1. My goodness!-Anything wrong with you?2. Inm really tired.Take a good rest.3. Oh, dear me.-What is it?其次部分日常情景对话1.约会时的日常用语Ind like to meet you on Monday. Shall we make an appointment? How about Tuesday afternoon? Will Sunday do?OK.That will do.Sure.例:1. Shall we meet at the school gate after class?-OK.2. How about Friday afternoon?Could we change another time. I"ll be busy then.3. When do you think you can come?-Will Sunday do?2.打电话的日常用语Hello, may I speak to Mr. Liu?Is Mr. Li there?I"d like to talk to your manager.This is Liu speaking.Inm sorry he is not in.Hold on Inll get him.r'm sorry. He is having a meeting.Will you hold? Inll see if he is in.例:1. Hello, may I speak to Mr. Li?Who's speaking?2. Is Xiao Liu there?Hold on. Inll get him.3. Is that Mr. Hu?Which number are you calling?3 .问路的日常用语Excuse me. Is this the way to the square?Excuse me sir. Where is the post office?Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?Certainly.Go down this street. You won't miss it.IHm sorry. I am a stranger here.例：1. Excuse me. Is this the way to the square?Go straight until you see the post office, and then turn left.2. Excuse me sir. Where is the post office?r'm sorry. I am a stranger here.3. Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?-I am not sure. Why don't you ask the man over there.4 .问讯事物的日常用语Excuse me. May I ask where I can find a restroom?Could you tell me what time it is now?Is the booking office here?Are those seats taken?例：1. Excuse me. Where is the restroom?Itns around the corner.2. Is the booking office here?It is upstairs.3. Are those seats taken?Inm sorry. They are taken.5 .天气的日常用语Whatns the weather like today?How is the weather in Shanghai?A fine day, isn"t it?It looks like rain.Itns getting cloudy.例：1. How's the weather like in your city now?Very cold.2. - Itns getting cloudy.Looks like rain.3. A fine day, isnnt it?Yes, it is.6 .交通例:The traffic is heavy.Here comes a taxi.Take No. 3 bus and get off at the terminal. Where is the subway?1. Shall we take Bus No.7?Ind like to take a taxi.2. Shall we take the subway?OK. It*'s over there.3. Oh my Stop again.Do you often have such heavy traffic?7 .购物的日常用语May I help you?What can I do for you, sir?Is there anything I can help?Are you interested in anything?IHd like to buy a TV set.Do you have any fresh banana? Just looking.例:1. May I help you?r'd like to have a slice of cheese.2. What can I do for you, sir?r'm looking for an antique table for my new home.3. Is there anything you are interested in?Nothing particular. T'm just looking.8.就餐的日常用语What would you like to drink?Would you like to sit at the window?Are you ready to order?How would you like your coffee?How would you like your beef?A table for two, please.Black.Rare, please.例:1. - Arc you ready to order?Salad, soup, two eggs and two slices of bread.2. - How would you like your coffee?With milk, please.3. How would you like your beef?Rare.9 .旅游的日常用语Would you please check out?Do you need room service?Do you need a single ticket or return ticket?Do you take credit card?Inm sorry. We only take cash.例：1. Ind like to book a flight to Beijing?One way or round trip? (Single or return?)2. May I cash some money?Show your ID card.3. Are you checking out today?No, r*ll stay until Tuesday.10 .健康的日常用语Whatns wrong with you?Take this medicine and drink a lot of water.How many bills should I take?Two.F'm feeling terrible.Give up smoking.Do more exercise.例：1. Whatns wrong with you?I have pain in my stomach.2. I”m feeling cold.Yound better go and see the doctor.3. F'm feeling terrible.Did you see the doctor?11 .学校生活的日常用语Let*'s call it a day.Class is over.English Listening is in Room 405.The homework is due next Monday.Hand in your homework before Monday.Any questions.The library is open from 8 : 00 a.m. to 9 :00 p.m. 例：1. - The deadline for your paper is next Sunday.Could I hand in next Tuesday?2. Read aloud, so that every one can here you?Inm sorry. I have a bad cold.3. The library will closed on Sunday.Shall we study in the dormitory?12 .家庭生活的日常用语Will you please help me with the dishes?Whatns happening next door?My mother is not feeling well, r'm getting married.ItHs getting late.Turn down the radio.Turn down the volume of the TV.例：1. Would you help me with the dishes?Inm in the bathroom.2. The telephone is ringing. Who'll get it.-Inll get it.3. r'm getting married.Congratulations英语B级考试成了同学们最关注的话题。此次考试将于6月19日实行，在这短短的一 个月的时间里，笔者觉得制定一套合理、高效的复习方法至关重要。知己知彼，百战不殆。老师和同学们一样都觉得首先要弄清晰的是B级的考试大纲， 不能做无头苍蝇，奢侈不必要的时间和精力。据了解，题型从听、读、写、译各个侧面考察 学生实际应用外语的实力。这种题型更加客观全面，更能反映考生的真实水平。这样看来，B级考试的难度较难，老师建议同学们放下思想包袱，有条不紊地备考，并 对同学们提出了以下几点建议：1 .重视课堂学习。扎实的外语功底和良好的语言素养是B级考试胜利的基础，而高 校英语课堂教学活动是学生学习外语、提高实力的主要环节。学生跟着老师走，外语水平才 能得到按部就班的提高。突击复习不是许久之计。2 .首先制定一个详尽的的学习安排。哪些分我确定能拿到，哪些分要争取拿到，在复 习过程中总结出适合自己的应考方法。其次要严格依据安排进行，仔细打算并持之以恒。复 习过程中确定要眼、耳、手、嘴、脑等几个感官一起运用。3 .好的复习资料是备考的良好向导。但是着重强调大家确定要订正一个错误观念：复 习就是练习。假如将复习陷于题海战术，效果是不会好的。练习是必要的，但切忌过多过滥。 应当将重点放在对所做练习的分析上，分析错误的地方和缘由，做练习和分析练习的时间比约 为 2:1。在此，老师希望同学们能考出好成果!高校英语B级考试复习重点及做题技巧第一部分：听力（15分）共分三部分：A部分：短对话，一问一答（5个问题，共5分）B部分：长对话（5个问题，共5分）C部分：短文听力（5个问题，共5分）留意：试卷上只有备选答案，须要学生在听听力材料时，要留心听并记住最终的问题是什么。 否则即使听懂内容，看懂答案，也会因为不知道问题是什么，而无法做出选择。所以大家还 必需熟识问题的形式，听清晰问题是什么。特殊听清以what, why, where, when, which, who 等开头的问句。复习方法：选择与样题难度相等的听力材.料，反复训练。每分钟单词速度为9 0 1 4 0单 词。可利用网考直通车中的光碟进行练习。在练习时，听第一遍，不看原文，模拟考试 状态，边听边做题，听完后检查答案。听其次遍，比照原文听。然后抛弃原文，再听一遍, 加强印象。培育耳朵对英语语音、语速的适应。做题技巧；无论是哪一部分的听力，在起先听之前，必需先阅读试卷上的备选答案。所以，大家可以在 拿到试卷后，干脆跳过“做题指示”（即Directons），抓紧时间阅读答案。这是因听力的作题 指示每次都是相同的，都是告知大家，听力材料只播放一遍，听完后选出正确答案。先看答 案再听，可以从备选的四个答案中推想出听力的也许内容，帮助更好地听懂听力材料。其次, 考生在答完一题后，应尽可能留出几秒中预先阅读下道题的选择答案。最终，听对话和短文 时，可以做一些记录，比如记录时间、地点、人名、数字，以便做出正确的选择。听力对话中常见的命题方式；1、职业类型题；以确定对话者的身份的听力测试题。这类题目的提问方式：What is the man /woman?What is the man's /woman's /occupation/profession/?wWhat do we know about the man/woman?2、关系类型题；以确定对话者的关系的听力测试题。如雇主与雇员、师生关系、顾客与服务员、 医生与病人、店主与顾客、老板与职员、经理和秘书what is the relationship between the man and the woman?What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?What proper relationship do these people have?3、地点题常用的提问形式：where did this conversation most probably take place/where are the two speakers?4、计算题：这类题往往须要对时间、年龄、日期、数字等要经过计算才做出正确的选择。做题时必需熟 识数字的读法，能较快地反映成阿拉伯数字，并辨清音近的数字。How many /how much is?How long /old?What time?5、因果题：这类题常用“why”为什么来提问，须要大家通过听力后，来答出缘由。6、看法题：涉及男女双方对某件事情、某个观点、或某个行为表示看法，如赞成、反对、满足、生气等。 通用的提问方式：what does/did the man/woman think of it ?how does /did the man/woman feel about it/how does /did the man/woman like it/B部分：日常对话（单项选择，5题共5分）这部分是考试中最简洁得分的一道题，考察在某些特定场景下的口语对话实力，比如在机场 如何订票登机、在商店的服务用语和答语、在餐馆如何点菜、如何发出邀请与回应邀请、如 何向别人供应帮助、打电话找人、问路、向别人表示庆贺、道谢、致歉、向别人借东西、提 出建议、恳求许可、询问别人是否介意自己做某事等等。题型为；给出对话的第一句话，要求考生从四个备选答案中选出一个来回应。比如；第一句话为；can I help you with the bag?A.no, no I can take it myself.B thank youC sorry, you can'tD no, I am alright从上句“我可以帮你提包吗？ "我们可以知道这是供应帮助的表达，因此我们应当选B答案 才是正确的符合文化背景的回应。其次部分；词汇与语法（2 5分）A部分；词汇题（1 5题，共1 5分）考试题型；从四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案填入句子中的空白处，使句子完整。考试范围；介词、副词、名词、形容词、动词、情态动词、固定搭配的短语、不定式、疑问 代词、现在分词和过去分词、被动语态、比较级、从句的连接词等等。常见的题型有两种；第一种是给出四个不同的备选答案，辨析词义从中选一个，这就要求有 足够的词汇量。如；My dad offered to pay my plane fare, which was very of him.A genuineB minimumC modestD generous其次种题型：给出四个相像的答案。如： The team will be anxious to a disappointing start to the season.A live up toB make outC make up forD live throughB部分：完型填空（1 0题。共1 0分）这类题对于大部分考生来说应当比较难的。因为这种题是综合考验考生的阅读、词汇、语法 等。做题方法：阅读短文，看到空格时，停下来视察备选的四个答案，选出正确答案，再接着阅读，重复以上步骤直至填完全部空格。最终再阅读一遍，检查校对。第三部分：阅读题（共3 5分）阅读题分数比例最大的一部分，只要做好阅读题就是胜利了一半。阅读题的文章一般是历史故事、科技短文、幽默故事、环境爱护、学校教化等内容。单词量 的大小是确定阅读成果好坏的重要因素。在复习时, 只有多记多背单词。做题技巧；留意做题依次，不要边阅读文章边做题，或者是先阅读问题再读文章。比较正确科学的做法 是，先文章再题目，在思索题目时再回到文章中找寻解题依据。考生应当具备驾驭文章中心 思想、主要内容和细微环节的实力，具备依据上下文来把握词义的实力，理解上下文的逻辑 关系。留意：一般每段的第一句即为该段的中心句。第四部分：翻译（共20分）尽量忠实原文弄清句子结构留意词汇适当省略与增加段落翻译后回头检查通顺与否第五部分：写作（1 5分）首先，必须要读懂题目，题目是用英文表达的，所以能读懂弄清题目要求是写好作文的第一 步。要搞清作文的体裁格式，字数要求，内容要求等。其次，紧扣题意，开宗明义，用精确的词汇、规范的语法、连贯的句群，流畅地表达出文章 的观点和内容。常见文体；电子邮件、书信、便条、通知、日记等，字数多要求在80100字。听力：交际用语技巧交际用语部分的试题以对话的形式出现，测试考生驾驭日常生活常见情景中的基本交际 用语的实力。交际用语试题在平常的学习过程中很少见到。所以在打算统考时，有必要重点复习一下。复习交际用语须要做以下打算工作：1 .备一本简洁的中级口语书。2 .复习英语中功能性的用语，如：问候语、感谢语、致歉、接受、拒绝等。3 .熟识西方社会生活中常见的情景对话，如：打电话、购物、问路、借东西、银行等 等。4 .熟识西方社会人们交际的基本礼节。例题一：What can I do for you?A. I want a kilo of applesB. You can go your own wayC. ThanksD. Excuse me. Inm busy这题的答案是 A. I want a kilo of apples为什么是A呢？对话的第一句是What can I do for you ?这是一句典型的“服务行业”用 语，在不同的情景中可以理解为不同的意思：在商店里就是：“你买什么？”在其他公共场合就是：“我能帮您做什么？ ”这里的四个选项中BCD选项即不是希望对方为自己作什么，也不是要买什么。只有A 的回答是“要买一公斤苹果。，只有A与所给的问题组成了一段意思合理，又符合逻辑的对 话。所以A是正确答案。例题二：Do you mind telling me where younre from?A. Certainly. T'm from London. B. Sure. I was born in London.C. Not really, you can do it.D. Certainly not. T'm form London.Do you mind ?句型，回答时：假如是确定的如，yes, certainly那就是我在意，请你不要做什么假如自己不在意，回答应当是：No, not at all.这道题的干扰因素是：A B D都回答了 Inm from London.或I was born in London.它 们都回答了 Where are you from?这个提问。这说明这三个回答前面的用语是正确与否的关 键。AB 一个用了 Certainly 一个用了 Sure。确定的回答，它违反了英语回答Do you mind? 这类问题的习惯。只有Certainly not. Inm from London.是正确答案。例题三：Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?A. Yes, you may borrow.B. Yes, go on.C. Yes, help yourself.D. It doesn'*t matter.对方问“我能借你的字典吗？”四个回答都似乎是确定的回答，看不出又什么不对。但是假如理解了每一个回答，就能辨别出哪一个是最合适的回答。A. you may borrow.你可 以借。B. go on请接着。接着什么呢？不清晰。D.It doesnnt matter.没关系。这个回答似乎对 方作错了什么事。C. Yes, help yourself.自己动手（等于说：拿吧）所以C是正确答案。从上面三个例子，我们是不是可以总结出下面的几条规律：交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题，它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时，不是找寻错误，而是推断 语言的运用是否规范。要熟识各种情景的对话用语，这样可以在短时间内，推断对话发生的地点和场景。要熟识西方人们日常的交际习惯，礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应当是西 方文化中的习惯，而不是我们东方文化中，特殊是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。这里特殊提示大家留意：我们是在说英语，不是用英语的句型套用汉语的习惯。比如在 中国，当人们夸奖我们英语讲得不错的时候，我们会很虚心地回答：“讲得不好，还得好好 学习。”但是，这个回答不同于西方文化中的习惯。在英语里，我们就会回答：“Thank you.” 表示感谢。在交际用语中，考生应当选择符合西方文化的语言，特殊留意Thank you和Sorry 的运用。2.日常情景对话a.约会b.打电话c.问路d.问讯事物e.天气f.交通g.购物h.就餐i.旅游j.健康k.学校生活1.家庭生活下面是交际用语的一些参考的范围:1.功能性的日常用语a.问候与应答b.介绍c.告辞d.感谢与应答e.恳求帮助与应答£供应帮助与应答g.祝福与应答h.致歉与应答i.邀请与应答j.时间与日期k.表示个人看法1.表示个人心情和看法以上内容的详细语言素材看下面的语言重点讲解。语言重点讲解：第一部分功能性的日常用语 1 .问候与应答类日常用语How are you?How is everything with you?How arc you getting on? r'm fine, thank you.Just fine.Not bad, thank you.As usual.例：1. How are you getting along?-Just fine, thank you.2. How are you?Not very well. Inve got a cold.3. - How is everything with you?As usual.2 .介绍类日常用语This is Mr. .May I introduce you to .?Allow me to introduce .How do you do?Nice to meet you.Pleased to meet you.Hi, my name is .例：1. Hi, may I introduce you to Mr. Li?Nice to meet you.2. - This is Mr. Li.How do you do?3. Let me introduce Mr. Li, our new president.Pleased to meet you.3 .告辞类日常用语Sorry, I must be off.I"m afraid I must be going.I"m afraid I must go now.See you.See you later.例：1. Sorry, I must be leaving now.-Are you already leaving? (Do you really have to go? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of tea?)2. I"m afraid I have to go.See you later.3. r'm sorry I have to go now.-Nice talking with you.4 .答谢与应答类日常用语Thank you.Thanks a lot.That'*s very kind of you.Not at all.DonHt mention it.Thatns all right.My pleasure.Younre welcome.例：1. You really helped me a lot. Thank you very much.ItHs my pleasure.2. That's very kind