初中英语外研版八年级下册M3U2预习指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

八年级英语下册 M3U2预习指导一、知识点1.Manned spaceship 人造飞船Man (名词) “人” - manned (形容词) “人造的”Eg: This is a manned spaceship.这是一艘人造飞船。2.主语+ think + 宾语从句Eg: I think it is a good thing.我觉得它是一个好东西。(1) 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等，且主句的主语是第一人称时，后面宾语从句的否定词要前移，即否定前移Eg: I dont think he will come with you.我觉得他不会和你一起来。(2)含有否定前移的宾语从句复合句，变反意疑问句句时，附加问句的主谓语要与从句一致Eg: We dont think Tom is right, is he?我们觉得汤姆不对，是不是？3.on earth “世界上；究竟”Eg: (1) He is the first on earth. 他是世界上第一个人。(2)What on earth did you do that for? 你究竟为什么那么做？On earth解析：(1)用于加强最高级 Eg: He runs fastest on earth.他跑的最快。(2)跟在疑问词之后，加强疑问Eg: Why on earth did you tell a lie? 你究竟为什么说谎？(3)加强否定“一点也”Eg: No use on earth. 一点也没有用。on earth “世界上”与in the world 同义on the earth “在地球上”4.hundreds of millions of 数亿的注意：hundred前有数字时不可加s；hundred后有of时必须加s；类似的词还有thousand, million, billionEg: billions of 数十亿的；three thousand 三千；Thousands of 数以千计的5.go around 围绕转Eg: The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。6.No one和none的区别：（1）none即可指人又可指物；而no one只能指人（2）None作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数（3）None常用简略答语，可以与of连用；no one只能单独使用，后面不可跟ofEg: - How many people are there? - None. “-那有多少人？ - 没有人。”None of us want to see the movie.“我们没有一个人看过这部电影。”There was no one else here. “这里没有一个人。”7.Be called 被叫做Eg: The boy is called Tom.这个男孩叫汤姆。8.a small part of 的小部分Eg: Our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets.我们的星系是更大的星系中的一小部分。9.discover，find与invent区别：discover “发现”表示偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。find “发现，找到”指对某种事物的寻找，强调找到的结果，后接名词、复合结构或从句。invent “发明”指经过认识或实践创造出以前没有的东西Eg: (1) Gilbert discovered electricity.吉尔伯特发现了电。(2)Have you found your book?你找到你的书了吗？(3)Edison invented the electric light bulb.爱因斯坦发明了电灯。10.many other + 可数名词复数 “许多其它的”Eg: There are many other books in the library.图书馆里有许多其它书。11.in the universe 在宇宙中Eg: Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe.科学家也在宇宙中发现了许多其他的星系。12.Far away from . 远离.Eg: My home is far away from my school.我的家离学校很远。13.light (不可数名词) 光 (可数名词) 灯(动词) 点 Eg: The light is so bright.光太如此亮。There are two lights on the desk.桌子上有两盏灯。light the candles 点蜡烛14.have to 不得不Eg: She has to stay at home to look after her brother.她不得不呆在家里照顾她的弟弟。15.Reach = get to = arrive in 大地点/ arrive at 小地点Eg: We will reach Beijing tomorrow.= We will get to Beijing tomorrow.= We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.我们明天到北京。注意：arrive和get后如果接home/ here/ there等词时，需省略介词Eg: She arrived home at 10:00 last night.她昨晚十点到家。16.It is impossible to imagine. 难以想象的。17.Send .to + 地点 “把.送到某地”Send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb. 送给某人某物Eg: She sent her son to school.她送她的儿子上学。Please send this book to him.= Please send him this book.请把这本书送给他。18.Take photos 拍照 19.形容词/ 副词+ enough + to do sth. “足够可以做”- 否定形式： not + 形容词/ 副词 + enough + to do sth. “不够；不可以做”Eg: He is strong enough to carry the big box.他足够强壮可以搬起这个大箱子。enough作形容词修饰名词时通常放在名词前，enough作副词修饰形容词/副词/ 动词时，放在所修饰词之后Eg: (1) I have enough money to live.我有足够多的的钱生活。(2) He walks fast enough. 他走得足够快。20.alone (形容词) “独自的，单独的”作表语(副词) “单独地；独自地”表示客观一个人，作状语lonely (形容词) 可作表语和定语，表主观上“孤独的；寂寞的”Eg: He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.他独自一人居住，但是他不感到孤独。21.in space 在太空中municate with 与交流Eg: No one communicated with us.没有人和我们交流。23.The answer to . .的答案Eg: Can you tell me the answer to the question?你能告诉我这个问题的答案吗？二、练习题一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.Its our duty to protect the _ (环境).2.The earth is a star in the solar s_.3.There is a _ (组) of students on the playground.4.We all know that l_ travels faster than sound.5._ (没有一个) of us is afraid of difficulties.6.Nothing is i_ if you work hard.7.There are millions of stars in the _ (宇宙).8.The population of Shanghai is larger than t_ of Qingdao.9.The old man likes _ (交流) with the young.10.I think there is life o_ there in space.二、用所给词的适当形式填空11.There are _ (billion) of stars in the sky.12.Sometimes the sky is _ (call) “ the vault of heaven”(苍穹) in poems.13.It is _ (possible) for us to finish the work in a such short time.14.No spaceship has travelled far enough _ (reach) other stars in the Galaxy.15.Some astronauts _ (be) to the moon several times.16.In the face of danger, all the firefighters were brave and _ (no) of them gave up.17.Nobody knows how many _ (galaxy) there are in the universe.18.The three _ (group) of students have passed the exam.19.The boy is old enough _ (look) after himself.20.Our teacher told us the earth _ (go) around the sun.三、单项选择( )21.There are _ books in this library.A.million B.millions C.million of D.millions of( )22.I find the test is _ for us to do.A.enough easy B.easy enoughC.enough easily D.easily enough( )23.No one in his class _ him because he is so lazy.A.like B.likes C.to like D.liked( )24.The astronaut can see the Great Wall _.A.on space B.in a spaceC.in the space D.in space( )25.It is important for us _ English.A.to learn B.learningC.learns D.learn( )26.I know that _ of us are perfect after all.A.none B.neither C.each D.all( )27.The price of the black car is much higher than _ of the yellow car.A.it B.this C.that D.one( )28.The old man lives _ in a small village but he doesnt feel _.A.lonely; lonely B.alone; aloneC.alone; lonely D.lonely; alone( )29.All of us communicate _ each other by WeChat.A.with B.of C.in D.from( )30.They have to turn on all the _ because of the poor _ in the room.A.light; light B.lights; lightsC.lights; light D.light; lights四、翻译句子31.我们国家每年种数百万棵树。We plant _ _ trees in our country every year.32.我们都不喜欢早起。_ _ us enjoy getting up early.33.我住得离学校很远。I live _ _ my school.34.我们都知道地球绕着太阳转。We all know the earth _ _ the sun.35.很难想象宇宙有多大。_ _ _ _ how large the universe is.五、完形填空Man has invented four kinds of satellites(卫星).The fist kind of satellite studies the 36._ of the earth.They are used 37._ maps.They also help countries to see where they may 38._ oil or gold.The second kind 39._ satellite is used to guide ships and planes.A ship or a plane can 40._ a message to the satellite, and the satellite can find out where the ship or the plane 41._.The third kind 42._ the weather.These satellites 43._ clouds and strong winds moving across the earth.They warn countries to make preparations when very 44._ weather is coming.45._ kind is used for 46._.Telephone calls 47._ countries can be sent by these satellites.Some can carry 48._ calls at the same time.The call is sent to the satellite, then the 49._ sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned.These satellites also carry pictures; they can receive and send about eight 50._ at a time.( )36.A.weather B.quality C.size D.geography( )37.A.to make B.to making C.made D.making( )38.A.carry B.find C.keep D.choose( )39.A.with B.for C.in D.of( )40.A.write B.take C.send D.bring( )41.A.is B.are C.be D.was( )42.A.study B.studys C.studies D.have studied( )43.A.have B.watch C.notice D.see( )44.A.sunny B.cool C.bad D.find( )45.A.The last B.Another C.One D.Any other( )46.A.communicate B.communication C.communicated D.communicates( )47.A.among B.along C.between D.of( )48.A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.two hundreds D.two hundreds of( )49.A.TV B.telegraph C.telephone D.satellite( )50.A.plays B.programmes C.films D.languages六、 阅读理解Sam love maths.It is his favourite lesson at school.But there is something he loves more than maths - space! He is interested in space.He loves thinking about astronauts, space stations, planets stars, black holes.anything about space! He goes to the space museum with his parents every weekend.One day, NASA organised (组织) a competition and it was to name a new shuttle (航天飞机).Sam thought up a name for the new shuttle and he sent it to NASA.Sam won the competition! He was thrilled that he named the new shuttle!And what name did he choose for the new shuttle? Serafina.It was the name of Sams cat.NASA loved the name.The scientists at NASA invited Sam to NASA and he met some astronauts.It was a great day! The scientists showed him a huge telescope(望远镜) and Sam looked right out into space.He saw so many stars.Then they asked Sam, “What do you want to be when you grow up?”Sam told them that he wanted to be an astronaut, of course!Now, Serafina the Shuttle is orbiting (围绕.运动) Mars and Serafina the Cat is orbiting the fireplace (壁炉).( )51.What does Sam like most?A.Maths B.Space C.Animals D.Museums( )52.What does the underlined word “ thrilled” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Excited B.Bored C.Worried D.Relaxed( )53.Serafina was the name of a(n) _.A.star B.cat C.astronaut D.telescope( )54.What did the scientists at NASA ask Sam about?A.His parents B.His dream jobC.His favourite lessonD.His favourite astronaut( )55.Which of the following is TRUE about Sam?A.He gave NASA a second name.B.He saw a new shuttle at NASA.C.He took his cat with him when he visited NASA.D.He looked into space through a telescope at NASA.附：参考答案一、1.environment 2.system 3.group 4.light 5.None6.impossible 7.universe 8.that municating 10.out二、11.billions 12.called 13.impossible 14.to reach 15.have been16.none 17.galaxies 18.groups 19.to look 20.goes三、21 - 25 DBBDA 26 - 30 ACCAC四、31.millions of 32.None of33.far away 34.goes around35.It's difficult to imagine五、36 - 40 DABDC 41 - 45 ACBCA 46 - 50 BCADB六、51 - 55 BABBD 7