初中语法之被动语态.docx

被动语态知识剖析一、语态分类:英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(Activevoice)和被动语态(Passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。They build a new bridge over the river.(主动)A new bridge is built over the river.(被动)汉语中常用“被，“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。二、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3 .把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。My aunt invitedme to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语I was invited (by my aunt) to her dinner party三、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化：主要体现在be动词的变化上，列表如下:时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时态do/doesam/is/are + done一般过去时态didwas/were + done一般将来时态will/shall/be going to + dowill/shall/be going to + be done过去将来时态would/should/be going to + dowould/should/be going to + be done现在进行时态am/is/are + doingam/is/are + being done过去进行时态was/were + doingwas/were + being done现在完成时态have/has + donehave/has + been done过去完成时态had + donehad + been done情态动词can/may/must.+ docan/may/must.be done1.一般现在时：am/is/are + done(主动)Chinese People grow rice in the southern area.Rice is grown in the southern area by Chinese people.（被动）2. 一般过去时：was/were + doneThey built a new car factory last month.（主动）A new car factory was built by them last month.（被动）3. 一般将来时：will/be going to+ be doneThey will send cars abroad on a huge ship.（主动）Cars will be sent abroad on a huge ship. （被动）4. 现在进行时：am/is/ are + being doneThe students are reading books in the classroom. （主动）Books are being read by the students in the classroom.（被动）5. 过去进行H寸： was/were + being doneThe workers were mending the: road at this time yesterday.（主动）The road was being mended by the workers at this time yesterday. （被动）6. 现在完成时：have/has + been doneSomeone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.（主动）I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.（被动）四、含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。情态动词有：can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, need, have to。You must hand in your compositions after class.（主动）Your compositions must be handed in by you after class.（被动）五、被动语态的使用1 .当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.2 .突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。These records were made by John Denver.六、语态转换时所注意的问题1 .主动语态变被动语态时，谓语动词的时态要与原句保持一致，谓语动词单复数要与新主语保持一致。We bought a new computer.A new computer was bought by us.（/）A new computer were bought by us. （x ）2 .含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语 （指人）为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present yesterday.>1 was given a present by my uncle yesterday.如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词to或for,如上句还可以 说： A present was given to me by my uncle yesterday.注意：1） 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell,show, take, teach, tell 等。The book was showed to the class.2） 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：buy, cook, choose, do, fix, keep, make, order, paint, play, Ayrsing 等。A new skirt was made for me.3 .由动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词 有:laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, find out, give up, hand in, think over, turn down, work out 等。The problem is solved.It needn't be talked about.4 . 在 feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, notice, see, watch, , notice 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都 不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,即A hear B do sth.一B be heard to do sth. by A.We often hear him play the guitar. 一He is often heard to play the guitar.区分：在see, watch, hear, notice等动词后作宾语补足语的为动词的现在分词ing形式时被动句的变法用结构： A see B doing sthB be seen doing sth, by AWe saw him playing the piano. He was seen playing the piano,5 .有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和Well, badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能， 是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。 The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。对比：The books sell well.这些书卖的好。（主动句）The books were sold out.这些书被卖光了。 （被动句）6 .在need等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing （=to be repaired）. 这房子需要修理。7 .下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：1) 系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound, remain等。The flower smells nice.2) 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, grow up等。The fire broke out in the capital building.3)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie等。The accident happened at midnight.Our school lies in Hua Yang.8.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报导It is supposed that.据推测It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知It is generally considered that.普遍认为It is suggested that.有人建议It is believed that.大家相信It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.9.过去分词作后置定语相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句:。精练精析1. Do many parents expect their children to get married early? (passive voice)2. Tina watered the flowers yesterday. (Passive voice)3. Our school is going to hold a sports meeting next week. (Passive voice)4. Jeff is cleaning the blackboard at present. (Passive voice)5. The mechanic was fixing the machine at 5 yesterday. (Passive voice)6. I have just noticed a man come through the door. (Passive voice)7. David can solve the math problem easily. (Passive voice)8. They are going to furnish a new house. (Passive voice)9. My friend Tim lent me a bike yesterday. (Passive voice)10. My mum buys me a new dress every summer. (Passive voice)11. Our school put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather. (Passive voice)12. Miss Li usually notices the boy sing in the classroom. (Passive voice)13. Bob noticed the thief jumping out of the building. (Passive voice)14. 这支钢笔很好写。（翻译）15. Her bedroom needs tidying, (the same meaning)16. It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. (The same meaning)17. The car produced in Japan is out of work now. (Complex sentence)即学即练I.单项选择。1. For his eleventh birthday, Elvis wanted a bicycle but a guitar by his parents.A. gaveB.was givenC.gives2. Jack was made his own clothes by his mother.A. washedB.washC.to wash3. He trees in his garden just now.A. was seen plantingB.was seen plantC.is seen to plantD. has been givenD. washingD. has been seen to plant4. No decision about the trip until the headmaster comes back.A. is madeB. will be made C. is being made D. has been made5. Nobody likes, so you'd better be kind to others.So sorry. I won't do it again.A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. to be laughed at D. to be laughed6. The 2008 Olympic Gaines will be in Beijing. I want to be a volunteer at that time.A. taken placeB. happenedC. heldD. attended7. It is reported that the Underground Line No. 9 in Huadu in the near future.A. will be builtB. has been builtC. will buildD. has built8. When the PRC?一On Octoberl, 1949.A. did, foundB. was, foundC. did, founded D. was, founded9. This book is so popular that it as expected.A. was sold as goodB. was sold as wellC. sold as goodD. sold as well10. The first telephone cards,in 1976 were from Italy.D. producingD. buildingD. isA. was producedB.which producedC. produced11. I hope our school can in five months' time.A. be builtB.buildC. will be built12. Every means triedbut without muchresult.A. has beenB.have beenC. are13. The pen which my best friend gave to me well, so I like using it very much.A. writeB. is writtenC. writingD. writes14. The lady she saw in the hospital. It seemed that to be a nurse wasn't the right choice for her.A. was disgusted by whichB. was revolted by whatC. is disgusting at whatD. was revolting with what15. While shopping, people sometimes can't help into buying something they don't really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuadedII.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. When(start) the journey(not decide) yet.2. South-east Asia was hit by tsunamis, in 2004. Many houses and building have to(rebuild). It cost a lot of money.3. It was a true story. A tour guide named Wen Hazhi had his left leg cut, because she refused(save) first by "120”. She told them to save the other passengers first.4. New online language often appears. Popular cyber words and phrases like "The world is so big, and I owe it a visit", "memeda” and "xiaoxianrou”,(include) in "most popular cyber words and phrases,9 lists in 2015 in China.5. After(elect) a member of Parliament, he feels ambitious.6. Six of the seven(country) with the highest obesity (being very fat) rate are English-speaking nations, a new survey(say). The country at the top of the list is the USA. This(follow) by Mexico, New Zealand, Australia, the UK.7. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself(hear).8. Your shoes are too dirty, they need immediately, (wash)10. The song(sing) by Jolin(write) by Jay some years ago.11. Have you ever heard of a system of writing on dots? (base)12. We are glad to hear that the terrorists by the brave policemen several days ago. (catch)13. 一Why is the classroom so dirty?Sorry, sir. It yesterday. We forgot to do it. (not, clean)14. 一Does she like singing English songs?Yes. Usually, she to sing English songs in her room, (hear)15. China's 23rd Beidou Satellite into space on June 12, 2016. (send)16. Do you think teenagers should to make their own decisions? (encourage)No, I don't agree with you. They9re too young to do that.III.句型转换。1. Did Tom hear a girl sing in the next room last night? (Change the sentence into passive voice)2. The students will never laugh at those who can't answer the teachers9 question. (Change the sentence into passive voice)3. The moon couldn't be seen by people because of the clouds. (AV)4. Has enough food been prepared by the children? (AV)5. It is believed that Sandy passed the driving test, (simple)6. Given another chance, I am sure I will succeed. (Change the sentence into a complex sentence)7. Joan saw her neighbours drive away with a baby's carrycot on the roof their car. (Change the sentence into passive voice)8. The manager caught the chef smoking during his working hour. So he got fired immediately. (Change the underlined part into passive voice)9. We have to do something to prevent the prices of houses from increasing too fast.Somethingto prevent the prices of house from increasing too fast.10. It is said that "The Kite Runner" has sold more than 8 million copies throughout the world."The Kite Runner"more than 8 million copies throughthe world.课效侧击I.单项选择。1. I do remember the meaning of the word, but I forget it now.A. tellingB. having toldC. to be toldD. having been told2. Much attention must these details.A. payB. be paidC. pay toD. be paid to3. You should tell Tom that he to work for Nanchang TV Station.I think so. I will tellhimwhen I see him this evening.A. choosesB.has been chosenC. choseD.ischosen4. The wounded bythe hospital. Theyare being wellcured.A. have been taken inB.has been taken inC. have taken inD.hastaken in5. Can you tell me something about the rules to play this game?Sure. If one question correctly, another question to you.A. is answered, is answeredB. will be answered, is answeredC. is answered, will be answeredD. answers, will be answered6. Three-fourths of the homework today.A. has finishedB. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished7. I thought you were building a ship, why not put it in the lake?一Because it. What's more, it needs.A. would not finish, repairedB. hasn't been finished yet, repairingC. won't finished yet, be repairingD. didn't finish, repaired8. The cake very delicious, I'm expecting it.A. is looked, to be tastedB. is looked, to tasteC. looks, to be tastedD. looks, to taste9. The book is so difficult to, but who is to.A. be read, be blamedB. read, be blamedC. be read, blameD. read, blame10. They found a strange cup in the ancient tomb. It was said the cup a drink.A. used to haveB. was used to haveC. used to havingD. was used to having11. 一Have you moved into the new house?一Not yet. The rooms.A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting12. 一Can you sing this English song?一Of course, I can. It many times on the radio.A. taughtB. has taughtC. is taughtD. has been taught13. Nowadays many teenagers feel that they are often told what they are notA. to do; interested B. to do, interested in C. do; interested D. doing; interested in14. The students called the teacher for help in the lab, because the problem by themselves.A. couldn't be solvedB. can't be solvedD. can't solveC. couldn't solve15. Angle still remembers the excitement when she to host an American exchange student from GouldAcademy.A. choosesB. has been chosen C. choseD. was chosenIL用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Those desks(not repair) until yesterday.2. Some new houses(build) in a few years.3. The farmers(make)(give) up their land by the landlord in the old times.4. Great changes(take) place since 1949.5. The beautiful card to my elder sister, (belong)6. A thief(notice)(break) into the house yesterday.7. There's too much salt in the Chinese diet.一So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt for each man every day. (need)8. 一At present E-mail English is more and more popular among teenagers.Yes. E-mail English to save time, (use)9. The cakes in the restaurant(taste) nice, so they(sell) well.10. 一Look, what have they done?Sorry. I think if I another chance, ril do it better. (give)III.句型转换。1. Will Tom give us any suggestion about our plans? (Please change the sentence into passive voice)2. Sam always sends E-mail to his girlfriend. (Please change the sentence into passive voice)3. Jenny saw a handsome man walking into the meeting room. (Please change the sentence into passive voice)4. The students have planted the apple tree in the garden already. (Please change the sentence into passive voice)5. The people will never forget the tragic war.The war tragic willforever.6. I can see some old women with red handkerchiefs in their hands dancing happily over there. (Change the sentence into a passive voice)