O-Q-高频易错词汇教师版.docx

课程主题： 中考词汇手册（六）(O-Q)授课时间：学习目标1. 掌握O序列单词的词性转换，固定短语及重点考点2. 掌握P序列单词的词性转换，固定短语及重点考点3. 掌握Q序列单词的词性转换，固定短语及重点考点教学内容1. Do you have any plans for _ (十月).2. You are careless to knock his bottle _ (脱离) the table.3. He is used to _ (主动提出) me help whenever I am in trouble.4. When we went back, we saw the TV still _ (开着).5. They have an _ (减价) on soft drinks at the moment.6. I ve got three days _ (休息) next week.7. He is an _ (唯一的) son and his parents cares too much about him.8. I have _ (付钱）300 Yuan for my life here.9. All the creatures lived a _ (和平）life there before humans arrived.10. Either the doctors or the _(警察) has been sent to the scene.11. Water _(pollute) is really a serious problem.12. Could you give me some _(紫色）hairclips?13. Please send these _ (明信片）for me.14. My son is always happy to see the _ (邮递员）because of the magazines.15. Don't eat too many _ (土豆) chips when watching TV.16. Do you spend a lot of time _ (练习）every day?.17. We are all busy _ (准备）for the coming exam.18. Three _ (四分之一) of the students like ball games.19. Tom Sawyer went into the classroom _ (安静) in order not to be found by the teacher.20. I was _ (相当) busy last week.Keys:1.October 2.off 3.offering 4.on 5.offer 6.off 7.only 8.paid 9. peaceful10. policeman 11.pollution 12. purple 13. postcards 14. postman 15.potato 16. practising17. preparing 18.quarters 19. quietly 20. quiteþ 多元导学：找朋友请写出下列单词的近义词无被动：Come out run out come true 有被动：publish use up realize你还知道哪些无被动的词组：take place break out break down turn out show up þ 互动精讲：知识点1：O序列词汇【知识梳理1】off adv. 离开，脱离【短语】let off 放（烟花） have XX days off 放天假 take off 起飞，脱掉 get off 下车 turn off 关掉（电器） put off 推迟 fall off （从某地）掉下来【例句】1. The American students have more days off in summer holiday than British students.2. The sports meeting will be put off because of the bad weather.【例题精讲】1. Will we have three days _ (休息) after the tough task is completed?2. You are careless to knock his bottle _ (脱离) the table.3. She drove so fast at the turning that the car almost went_the road.  A. on  B. along   C. from D. off 答案：off ; off; D【知识梳理2】offer vt. 主动提供 （过去式 offered） n. 录取通知书【用法】offer sth. to sb. =offer sb. Sth.【辨析】provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.【短语】special offer 特价优惠【例题精讲】1.He is used to _ (主动提出) me help whenever I am in trouble.2.After the earthquake, the boy _(offer) books and money to finish his study.3.They have an _ (减价) on soft drinks at the moment.答案：offering； was offered； offer【知识梳理3】once adv. 曾经，一度（一般过去时） adv. 一次【近义词】used to 过去常常做某事【短语】at once 立刻 ，马上（一般将来时）once a week 一周一次（用how often 提问）【例句】I will do it at once. I once went to the USA when I was five years old.【例题精讲】1. He _ (曾经) knew her, but they are no longer friends.答案：once【知识梳理4】open vt. 打开，开业 adj. 开着的【用法】延续性动词：be open短语：open up 开启，开创【例句】His music opens up a new world to people all over the world.【例题精讲】1.It's good for health for us to sleep with windows_(开).2.The shop _ from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. , now it _.A opens; is open B. opens; is opened C is opened; is open D is opened, is opened.答案：open; A【知识梳理5】operate vi. 做手术，操作【短语】operate on sb.【变形】operation n. 手术，操作 do an operation on sb.【例句】The boy the doctors are operating on is their only child.【例题精讲】1.After the _ (手术), the children need to stay in hospital for three more months.2. You can't find him because he is_(手术)on an old man.答案：operations； operating【知识梳理6】opposite n. 对立的人或物prep. 在的对面；与相反【短语】the opposite of 的相反 Sth. be opposite sth. 在的对面 【例句】1.Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.2.The supermarket is opposite our school. 【知识梳理7】order vt. 命令，点菜order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 n. 命令 receive an order to do sth. 收到做某事的命令 n. 订单（可数） n. 顺序 keep . in order 使保持井然有序【短语】in order to do 为了做某事 in order + that从句 为了【例句】1.He is an organized person and always keep all his things in order.2.My teacher ordered me to hand in all students homework on time yesterday.【例题精讲】1. Because of high quality, our company has got more _ (订单).答案：orders【知识梳理8】organize vt. 组织【变形】organization n. 组织 organized adj. 有条理的，有效率的 organizer n. 组织者【例题精讲】1.- Whose wallet is it? - Maybe its one of the _ (organize). Only they came here just now.答案：organizers【知识梳理9】over：的正上方 There is a bridge over the river.从上方越过 A plane is flying over the forest.结束 The class is over. (是end和finish的长动作)超过（数量和年龄） There are over 30 students in our class. The girls over 12 can take part in the activities.【短语】摔倒 fall over knock over 撞翻 go over 复习在期间 over the years over the last/past few years (现在完成时标志词)【例题精讲】1.My grandparents will stay _ (在期间) Christmas.2.How long has the concert been_(结束）？3.Look! A huge plane is flying _(上方）our city.答案：over； over；over【知识梳理10】own: adj. 自己的 adv.独自vt. 拥有 【短语】ones own sth.=sth. of ones own on ones own=by oneself=alone【例句】 I own it. I can do it on my own. 【变形】owner 拥有者，主人【例题精讲】1. Believe in yourself, and you can finish the work on _ (you) own.答案：your【知识梳理11】out adv. （从里）出来，向外，外出【短语】go out 出去 work out 解出，解决 give out 分发 break out 爆发 turn out 结果是， 原来是 put out 扑灭 find out 查明 work out理解，解出，锻炼 look out 小心 look out of 看着的外面 look out at 看着外面的 【例题精讲】1.I hear a big fire _ at midnight in the town last night. A. broke down B. broke out C. put out D. put down 2. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _.A. come out B. put out C. carry out D. run out3.The problem _ to be more difficult than we had supposed.  A. came out  B. worked out C. turned out     D. broke out答案：B D C 知识点2：P序列词汇【知识梳理1】 paint vt. 用颜料涂 n. 颜料（不可数）【短语】paint sth. + 颜色【变形】painter n. 画家 painting n. 画【例句】1. I want to paint the wall blue.2. He is one of the most famous painters.【例题精讲】1. Do you like the wall _(paint）blue.2. I do appreciate the _(paint) by Van Gogh.答案： painted， paintings【知识梳理2】paper n. 纸（不可数名词）【短语】a piece of paper 一张纸【辨析】n. 卷子（可数名词） n. 论文【例句】He wrote his name down on a piece of paper for me. 【例题精讲】1.What do I need to make a thank-you card? You need some_(纸), glue and a pair of scissors. 答案：paper【知识梳理3】 pass vt. 从旁经过【短语】pass a shop【变形】vt. 通过（考试） pass the exam *pass的过去式是passed【例句】1. As she passed the library door, the telephone began to ring. 2.He tries his best to pass the exam. 【例题精讲】1.Its reported that all middle school students in Nanjing must _(通过) the tests of Music and Art in 2020.2.When did the old man die? He _a rainy winter evening. A. passed away in B. past away in C. passed away on D. past away on答案：pass；C【知识梳理4】passenger n. 乘客 （ 可数名词）【例句】Tom was a passenger in the car when it crashed. 出车祸时，汤姆正在那辆车上。【例题精讲】1. Sadly, the ship turned over and all the _ (乘客) except 5 lost their lives. 2. One of the _ (乘客) health was so poor that we had to broadcast to find a doctor.3. Please look after all the bags of the _ (乘客) who arrived just now.答案：passengers passengers' passenger's【知识梳理5】past prep. （从旁）经过【短语】go past a bookshop=pass a bookshop【辨析】past是从旁经过 through是从内部穿过 across是从表面横穿过 over是从上方越过 past是介词 pass是动词：pass=go past 【变形】 n. 过去 in the past 在过去（一般过去时标志词） adj. 过去的 in/during/over the past XX years 近XX年来（现在完成时标志词）【例句】1. These things happened in the past years.2. A car ran past at full speed.3. In the past, I went to school by bike. 【知识梳理6】patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人【变形】patience n. 耐心 patiently adv. 耐心地 【反义词】impatient adj. 不耐心的 impatiently adv. 不耐心地【例句】1. My teacher is patient enough to help us solve our problems.2. We need to do the job with enough patience.3. He is one of the Doctors patients.4. After waiting for 3 hours, he became impatient.5. Tom is putting up the tent impatiently.【例题精讲】1. The old will feel bad when they are treated _(没耐心).2._(病人）in the hospital are often taken care of by the nurses.答案：impatient； Patients【知识梳理7】peace n. 和平，安宁【短语】in peace 和平地；安静地；安详地【变形】peaceful adj. 安宁的，平和的 peacefully adv. 安宁地，平和地【例句】1. All nations want peace.2. Lets walk in peace.3. We want a peaceful life.4. She died peacefully.【例题精讲】1. The people in Iraque are all looking forward to live a _ (peace) life.2. All the creatures lived a _ (和平）life there before humans arrived.3. Everyone hopes to live in the world _(和平) with no wars. 答案：peaceful， peaceful，peacefully【知识梳理8】physics n. 物理学【例句】I think that learning physics is interesting.【例题精讲】I am good at all my subject except _(物理).答案：Physics【知识梳理9】pill n. 药片（可数） 【短语】take pills【辨析】medicine n. 药（不可数）【例句】1. Why do I have to take all these pills?2.Dont take too much medicine.【知识梳理10】pity n. 同情，怜悯【短语】have/take pity on (不加a)【辨析】n. 遗憾，可惜 What a pity! (用于对方不能赴约时回答)【考点】 It is a pity that .【例句】1. We should have pity on animals. 2. It is a pity that he should have to leave.【例题精讲】1. _ pity it is to fail the exam again.A What a B What C How D How a 答案：A【知识梳理11】plan vt. 计划【短语】plan to do 计划去做某事 plan a day out 计划外出一天【辨析】n. 计划 plans for. 的计划【考点】plan不用将来时，plan要注意双写【例句】1. We are planning to have a picnic.2. He told me about his plans for the club.【例题精讲】1. They_(plan) a day out tomorrow.答案：are planning【知识梳理12】pleasant adj. 令人愉悦的【短语】a pleasant trip 【辨析】pleasure n. 荣幸【变形】pleased adj. 感到高兴的 be pleased with 对很满意【考点】pleasure考点：(1) With pleasure. 是别人请求帮助，还没有帮时所用的回答。(2) My pleasure. /Its a(my) pleasure. 是在帮助完后，别人表示感谢时所用的回答。如：-Its kind of you to do./Thank you for. -My pleasure.-Could you help me.? -With pleasure.【反义词】unpleasant【例句】1. I think that it is a pleasant trip.2. Playing football gave him great pleasure.3. He is pleased with his own success.4. It was a very unpleasant and frightening attack. 那是一次非常恶劣且骇人的攻击。 【例题精讲】1. I will never forget the _ (please) trip.2. -Would you please help me with my maths?-_.A. With pleasure B My pleasure C It doesnt matter D Dont mention it答案：pleasant A【知识梳理13】plenty 大量，充足【短语】plenty of 大量，足够 后面加名词可以可数也可以不可数【例句】She has plenty of imagination.【例题精讲】1. You have _ time to read _ books.A a great deal of , plenty of B a great number of , a great deal of C a great number of, plenty of D a great deal , a great number of答案：A【知识梳理14】polite adj. 礼貌的【短语】be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌【变形】副词：politely 名词：politeness【考点】im反义词总结：impossible impolite improper impatient【反义词】impolite【例句】1. He is polite to everyone.2. We should treat the old politely.3. It is impolite to speak loudly in public.【例题精讲】1. Talking _(polite) to the elderly like that will make you welcome.2. The gentleman stood up_ (polite) when the lady entered the room.答案：politely; politely 【知识梳理15】pollution n. 污染（不可数）【短语】air pollution water pollution【变形】pollute vt. 污染 pollute air pollute water polluted adj. 被污染的 a polluted river【例句】1.We have air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. 2. The aim of the new project is to clean up polluted land. 3. We should try our best to stop polluting air.【例题精讲】1.The _(pollute) water often made the scientist feel sad.2.Water _(pollute) is really a serious problem.答案：polluted, pollution【知识梳理16】population n. 人口【短语】the population of 的人口 have a population of 人口为 Whats the population of 的人口是多少？ How large is the population of 的人口是多少？注意：population的形容词用large和small修饰，不用多和少【例句】1. The country has a population of about 1.3 billion.2. What is the population of Canada?3. The worlds population is increasing faster and faster.【例题精讲】1.The _ (人口) is too much for our earth.答案：population【知识梳理17】possible adj. 可能的【辨析】It is possible for sb. to do. It is possible that as.as possible 尽可能=as . as sb. can【变形】 possibility n. 可能性 （不可数） There is no possibility to do/that .【反义词】impossible 【例句】1. It is possible for him to finish it on time.2. It is possible that he can finish it on time.3. It is impossible for him to come back tomorrow.4. There is no possibility that he will keep his word. He is always telling lies.【例题精讲】1.Tourists should prepare for all _(possible) by taking umbrellas, raincoats, sunglasses and so on while traveling.2. As the CCTV reported, more and more people have realized the _ (possible) of moving to Mars.3. It is of high _ (possible) that he had something to do with this case.答案：possibilities； possibility； possibility【知识梳理18】power n. 力量，电力【短语】 power cut 断电【变形】powerful 强大的，有权力的【例句】1. We do have the power now.2. He is a powerful man.【例题精讲】You cant imagine the great _(力量) of the grass.答案：power【知识梳理19】practise vt. 练习，从事【短语】practise doing 练习做某事 【变形】practical adj. 实际的 practice n.练习【例句】1. You should take every chance to practice speaking English.2. It is said that people born in the Year of the Rooster is practical.【例题精讲】1.Do you spend a lot of time _ (练习）every day?.答案：practising【知识梳理20】praise n. 表扬（不可数名词） vt. 表扬【变形】现在分词：praising 过去式：praised【短语】praise sb. f